Control of Germ Cell Differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans

2007 ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Ellis ◽  
Judith Kimble
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation

scholarly journals Germ cell differentiation requires Tdrd7-dependent chromatin and transcriptome reprogramming marked by germ plasm relocalization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio M. D’Orazio ◽  
Piotr J. Balwierz ◽  
Ada Jimenez González ◽  
Yixuan Guo ◽  
Benjamín Hernández-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation

scholarly journals Clusters of Identical New Mutations Can Account for the “Overdispersed” Molecular Clock

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Huai ◽  
R C Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Premeiotic Clusters ◽  
T Values ◽  
Independent Mutant ◽  
New Mutations

Abstract Germ-cell mutations may occur during meiosis, giving rise to independent mutant gametes in a Poisson process, or before meiosis, giving rise to multiple copies of identical mutant gametes at a much higher probability than the Poisson expectation. We report that the occurrence of these early premeiotic clusters of new identical mutant alleles increases the variance-to-mean ratio of mutation rate (R(u) > 1). This leads to an expected variance-to-mean ratio (R(t)) of the molecular clock that is always greater than one and may cover the observed range of R(t) values. Hence, the molecular clock may not be overdispersed based on this new mutational model that includes clusters. To get a better estimation of R(u) and R(t), one needs measurements of the intrageneration variation of reproductive success (Ni/Ne(i)), population dynamics (k‒i), and the proportion of new mutations that occur in clusters (rc), especially those formed before germ-cell differentiation.

Transgene Independent Germ Cell Differentiation From Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs)

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. S22-S22
Author(s):  
N.D. Tran ◽  
D. Lair ◽  
M. Kissner ◽  
M. Conti ◽  
R. Blelloch
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation

Neogenin regulates spermatogonia germ cell differentiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. S461
Author(s):  
J.H. Lee ◽  
L. Dae Hoon ◽  
L. Mei ◽  
W.C. Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation

scholarly journals Cell-type-specific regulation of genes involved in testicular lipid metabolism: fatty acid-binding proteins, diacylglycerol acyltransferases, and perilipin 2

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo M Oresti ◽  
Jesús García-López ◽  
Marta I Aveldaño ◽  
Jesús del Mazo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Proteins ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation ◽  
Perilipin 2

Male germ cell differentiation entails the synthesis and remodeling of membrane polar lipids and the formation of triacylglycerols (TAGs). This requires fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) for intracellular fatty acid traffic, a diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) to catalyze the final step of TAG biosynthesis, and a TAG storage mode. We examined the expression of genes encoding five members of the FABP family and two DGAT proteins, as well as the lipid droplet protein perilipin 2 (PLIN2), during mouse testis development and in specific cells from seminiferous epithelium.Fabp5expression was distinctive of Sertoli cells and consequently was higher in prepubertal than in adult testis. The expression ofFabp3increased in testis during postnatal development, associated with the functional differentiation of interstitial cells, but was low in germ cells.Fabp9, together withFabp12, was prominently expressed in the latter. Their transcripts increased from spermatocytes to spermatids and, interestingly, were highest in spermatid-derived residual bodies (RB). Both Sertoli and germ cells, which produce neutral lipids and store them in lipid droplets, expressedPlin2. Yet, whileDgat1was detected in Sertoli cells,Dgat2accumulated in germ cells with a similar pattern of expression asFabp9. These results correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich TAG levels also increasing with mouse germ cell differentiation highest in RB, connecting DGAT2 with the biosynthesis of such TAGs. The age- and germ cell type-associated increases inFabp9,Dgat2, andPlin2levels are thus functionally related in the last stages of germ cell differentiation.

scholarly journals Epigenetic regulation of germ cell differentiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk Ho Eun ◽  
Qiang Gan ◽  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation

MAPK8 regulates chicken male germ cell differentiation through JNK signaling pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 1548-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie Wang ◽  
Yulin Bi ◽  
Qisheng Zuo ◽  
Wenhui Zhang ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Male Germ Cell ◽  
Jnk Signaling ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation ◽  
Jnk Signaling Pathway

scholarly journals YAP creates epiblast responsiveness to inductive signals for germ cell fate

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saya Kagiwada ◽  
Shinya Aramaki ◽  
Guangming Wu ◽  
Borami Shin ◽  
Eva Kutejova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Epiblast Stem Cells ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Induction

The germ cell lineage in mammals is induced by the stimulation of pluripotent epiblast cells with signaling molecules. Previous studies have suggested that the germ cell differentiation competence or responsiveness of epiblast cells to signaling molecules is established and maintained in epiblast cells of a specific differentiation state. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process has not been well defined. Here, using the differentiation model of epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), we have shown that two defined EpiSC lines have robust germ cell differentiation competence. However, another defined EpiSC line has no competence. By evaluating the molecular basis of EpiSCs with distinct germ cell differentiation competence, we identified YAP/YAP1/YAP65, an intracellular mediator of the Hippo signaling pathway, as a critical mediator for establishing germ cell induction. Strikingly, deletion of YAP severely affected responsiveness to inductive stimuli, leading to a defect in WNT target activation and germ cell differentiation. In conclusion, we propose that the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway creates a potential for germ cell fate induction via mesodermal WNT signaling in pluripotent epiblast cells.

scholarly journals Changes in Expression of Specific mRNA Transcripts after Single- or Re-Irradiation in Mouse Testes

Genes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Kenta Nagahori ◽  
Ning Qu ◽  
Miyuki Kuramasu ◽  
Yuki Ogawa ◽  
Daisuke Kiyoshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Mrna Species ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Mrna Transcripts ◽  
Specific Mrna

Alkylating agents and irradiation induce testicular damage, which results in prolonged azoospermia. Even very low doses of radiation can significantly impair testis function. However, re-irradiation is an effective strategy for locally targeted treatments and the pain response and has seen important advances in the field of radiation oncology. At present, little is known about the relationship between the harmful effects and accumulated dose of irradiation derived from continuous low-dose radiation exposure. In this study, we examined the levels of mRNA transcripts encoding markers of 13 markers of germ cell differentiation and 28 Sertoli cell-specific products in single- and re-irradiated mice. Our results demonstrated that re-irradiation induced significantly decreased testicular weights with a significant decrease in germ cell differentiation mRNA species (Spo11, Tnp1, Gfra1, Oct4, Sycp3, Ddx4, Boll, Crem, Prm1, and Acrosin). In the 13 Sertoli cell-specific mRNA species decreased upon irradiation, six mRNA species (Claudin-11,Espn, Fshr, GATA1, Inhbb, and Wt1) showed significant differences between single- and re-irradiation. At the same time, different decreases in Sertoli cell-specific mRNA species were found in single-irradiation (Aqp8, Clu, Cst12, and Wnt5a) and re-irradiation (Tjp1, occludin,ZO-1, and ZO-2) mice. These results indicate that long-term aspermatogenesis may differ after single- and re-irradiated treatment.

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