Conventional Oils and Oilseeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Gloria Bobo ◽  
Iolanda Nicolau‐Lapeña ◽  
Ingrid Aguiló‐Aguayo
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Oils

scholarly journals Comparative developmental toxicity of conventional oils and diluted bitumen on early life stages of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2021 ◽  
pp. 105937
Author(s):  
Schiano Di Lombo Magali ◽  
Weeks-Santos Shannon ◽  
Clérandeau Christelle ◽  
Triffault-Bouchet Gaëlle ◽  
S. Langlois Valérie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Conventional Oils

scholarly journals Seeds of Zizyphus lotus: In Vivo Healing Properties of the Vegetable Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
C. Rais ◽  
C. Slimani ◽  
M. Benidir ◽  
L. Elhanafi ◽  
I. Zeouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Healing Effect ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Acidity Index ◽  
Conventional Oils

The present study has been undertaken in order to highlight the healing effect of Zizyphus lotus vegetable oil. The seeds of this plant contain an oil rate of 30%. The obtained results on the main elements composing the vegetable oil have shown that Zizyphus lotus vegetable oil has a low value of acidity index and it presents a not negligible degree of unsaturation. The value of the peroxide index of Zizyphus lotus vegetable oil is less than 10 which characterizes the most of conventional oils. Furthermore, the spectral analysis by gas chromatography has shown the presence of 53 majority and minority molecules. Thus, the evaluation of the healing activity of Z. lotus seed vegetable oil has demonstrated a highly significant effect against the negative control and silver sulfadiazine was used as conventional treatment for burns. Based on the obtained results, we can suggest that the oil extracted from the seeds of the studied plant could be used to cure wounds.

Ionic liquids as hydraulic fluids: comparison of several properties with those of conventional oils

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 488-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Regueira ◽  
Luis Lugo ◽  
Josefa Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Hydraulic Fluids ◽  
Conventional Oils

scholarly journals The Potential of Some Non-Conventional Vegetable Oils in Biodiesel Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3919-3929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolanle S. Adekunle ◽  
John A.O. Oyekunle ◽  
Basirat A. Tijani ◽  
WasiuO. Makinde ◽  
Olaoluwa R. Obisesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Conventional Oils

This work studied the potentials of some non-conventional oils biodiesel as an alternative to biodiesel made from a conventional seed oil (palm kernel oil), and petroleum-based diesel. The fruits of three non-conventional oilseeds, namely:PerseaAmericana (Avocado pear), Irvingiagabonenses (Dica nut) and Darcryodesedulis (Native pear)were obtained from local markets in Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria while petroleum-based diesel (PBD) used for comparative study was obtained commercially.The outer fleshylayers of the fruitswere separated from the seeds while both were air-dried for some days and later milled. The oils extracted from the milled samples were esterified to produce biodiesel usingmethanol in the presence of NaOH as catalyst. The biodiesels were analyzed for their fuel properties using standard methods.Results showed that the biodiesel yield ofIrvingiagabonensisoil diesel (IGOD),Darcryodesedulisoil diesel (DEOD) and Persia americanaoil diesel (PAOD) were94%, 82% and 96% respectively. These values compared favourably with that of palm kernel oil diesel (PKOD) (91%) produced under same conditions, and with the literature standard yield of 96.5% set for biodiesel. The pour pointsof PKOD, PAOD and DEOD were3, -6 and 1oC,respectively, with PAOD pour point very close to that of PBD (≥-10oC) obtained under similar experimental conditions. Except for IGOD, all the oils have pour points within the standard range of -15 to 16oC set for biodiesel suggesting the suitability of the oils for biodiesel applications.The iodine values of the biodiesel ranged between 9.64 and 16.52 meq/kg and agreed closely with 12-18 meq/kg reported in literature for PKOD. The biodiesel blend with PBD in the ratio 10:90, 20:80, 30:70 and 40:60 demonstratedimprovedphysico-chemical properties (including smoke point, flash point, cloud point, pour point, density, viscosity and acid value) that could meet the fluidity requirements for biodiesel applications.

LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR AND CLEANUP OF WAXY CRUDE OIL SPILLS

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Buist ◽  
Stephen Potter ◽  
Don Mackay ◽  
Michael Charles
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Waxy Crude ◽  
Waxy Oil ◽  
Waxy Crude Oils ◽  
Conventional Oils ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

ABSTRACT Small- and mid-scale laboratory tests were undertaken to investigate the behavior and cleanup of spills of waxy crude oils at sea. The results indicate that the behavior of such oils is very different from that of conventional oils. This difference is likely due primarily to the precipitation of waxes, asphaltenes, and other unknown resinous compounds as the oil evaporates or as environmental temperatures drop. Thus, the oil spreads, evaporates, and naturally disperses very slowly, or in the extreme, even gels into a semisolid mass. Waxy oil spills can be expected to survive on the sea surface considerably longer than an equivalent spill of conventional crude. The results of simple countermeasure tests suggest that waxy crude oil spills will be difficult to clean up, since they are very viscous, do not adhere well to oleophilic surfaces, and are extremely resistant to chemical dispersants.

Oxidative Deterioration in Vegetable Oils: Health-Food Oils Versus Conventional Oils1

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
KI SOON RHEE ◽  
ALICE C. STUBBS
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Rancid Odor ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Oxidative Deterioration ◽  
Value Determination ◽  
Conventional Oils

Storage stability of health-food and conventional vegetable oils was evaluated by determining oxidative deterioration during accelerated storage at 60 C of unused oils and room-temperature storage of unused and used (once-heated) oils. Oxidative changes were determined by peroxide value (PV), 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, measurement of weight increase, and sensory evaluation. Vegetable oils included were safflower and corn oils with (conventional oils) or without (health-food oils) added antioxidants. Health-food oils oxidized much faster by all measures than conventional oils, although composition of fatty acids was similar within each oilseed category. In addition, peak values of PV and TBA tests were higher for health-food oils than conventional oils. Differences between health-food and conventional oils increased steadily with the increase in storage time when unused oils were stored at room temperature; for used oils the steady increase was followed by a decrease after approximately 100 days. However, differences were greater with used oils than the unused within 100 days. As to the different oilseeds, safflower oils were more susceptible to oxidation than corn oils, the differences being widened by heating treatment before storage. The TBA test was more sensitive and correlated better with rancid odor development in these vegetable oils at early stages of oxidation, whereas peroxide value determination was generally more reliable for monitoring the oxidative deterioration over longer storage periods, up to certain limits.

scholarly journals Comparative study of physicochemical properties of Tithonia diversifolia and Sunflower seed oils

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Israel Olusegun Otemuyiwa ◽  
Abolanle Saheed Adekunle ◽  
Julianah Funmilayo Adegbite ◽  
Olumuyiwa Sunday Falade
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Sunflower Oils ◽  
Conventional Oils

This study investigates the physico-chemical properties of Tithonia diversifolia seed and oil using standard analytical methods and then compared the results with Sunflower oil. The results showed that Tithonia diversifolia seed contained 5.80% moisture, 18.83% crude protein, 30.40% crude fat, 17.85% crude fibre, 4.30% ash and 22.82% carbohydrate. The content of magnesium, copper, iron, zinc and calcium were 3930, 168, 277, 2091 and 432 mg/kg, respectively. Iodine value for T. diversifolia and Sunflower oils, respectively were 109.00 and 145.67 g iodine/kg; saponification values, 212.61 and 188.63 mg KOH/g; ester values, 184.15 and 206.86 mg KOH/g; peroxide values 4.0 and 5.87 meq peroxide/kg; acid values, 5.76 and 4.48 mg KOH / g; % unsaponifiable matter, 0.83 and 1.22 %; and total phenol content, 118.63 and 108.75 µg/g. Others include, specific gravity, 0.937 and 0.920; surface tension 0.042 and 0.051 N/m; viscosity 42.50 and 30.50 cSt; and smoke point, 215 and 245 0C. The study revealed that Tithonia diversifolia seed oil content and physicochemical parameters are comparable with those of Sunflower oil. Hence the oil could be used as raw materials for industrial processes, biodiesel production and a good source of dietary antioxidant which could complement or replace some conventional oils.

scholarly journals Formulation and evaluation of detarium oil based organogel for sustained release of metronidazole via topical delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Margaret O. Ilomuanya ◽  
Uloma N. Ubani-Ukoma ◽  
Abimbola A. Sowemimo ◽  
Gbemisola W. Akande ◽  
Pal Kunal
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Topical Delivery ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Spherical Structures ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Conventional Oils

The rationale for this study was to increase the absorption of model drug metronidazole by formulating an organogel using detarium oil in place of conventional oils used in drug formulation such as liquid paraffin. The organogels were prepared by fluid-filled mechanism using metronidazole as the model drug. The drug-surfactant mixtures were dissolved in oil followed by the addition of water which led to the formation of organogels at specific compositions. The formulations were analyzed by microscopy, rheology, in vitro drug release and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microscopic studies revealed the gels contained clusters of water-filled spherical structures. FTIR study showed compatibility of components of the organogels. DSC result showed all the organogels released heat during formation. The viscosity of the organogels showed an elastic flow followed by a non-elastic phase. The cumulative percentagerelease of metronidazole was found to be between 63% and 85% at the end of 10 h, with OGM 9 having the highest release. XRD result indicated the crystalline nature of the organogels. Metronidazole release from the organogels indicated dissolution, shape, size, and surface area dependent release. The results also showed good compatibility of all the excipients. Sustained release metronidazole organogel was successfully developed using detarium oil. Keywords: Organogel; Detarium oil; Metronidazole; Topical delivery

Paper 19: Wear-Reducing Properties of Mineral Oils and Their Fractions

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (14) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
A. J. Groszek
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Wear Reduction ◽  
Conventional Oils ◽  
Reducing Properties

Refined lubricating oils from several crudes have been separated chromatographically and by thermal diffusion into fractions of different chemical and physical nature. Four-ball and pin-on-disc machines have been used to investigate the effects of the chemical nature of the oils and their fractions on wear-reducing properties. In the four-ball machine the ‘aromatic’ fractions (aromatic compounds plus sulphur compounds eluted as one fraction from silica gel) were found to have better wear-reducing properties than the corresponding naphthene–paraffin fractions and the original oils from which they were separated. The ‘aromatic’ fractions from bright-stocks were found to have the best wear-reducing properties of all the components tested. The studies of wear in the pin-on-disc machine have demonstrated the superior wear-reducing properties of the naphthene– paraffin fractions. Viscosity has been shown to have some effect in the wear tests, but chemical nature appears to have more influence on anti-wear performance than changes in viscosity within the normal range of conventional oils. The type of ‘aromatic’ and saturated hydrocarbons that are most effective in wear reduction is not known at present. It is likely that mineral oils contain compounds which are even more active in wear reduction than the ‘aromatic’ and naphthene–paraffin fractions which are, of course, complex mixtures of many different types of hydrocarbons and sulphur compounds. There is little doubt that it is possible to isolate, from various crudes, groups of compounds possessing better wear-reducing properties and load-carrying capacity than the conventionally produced base oils

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