Guidelines for Statistical Procedure

2022 ◽  
pp. 183-193
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Procedure

Some Experimental Discussion of Accuracies in Quantitative Virus Assessment for Water Supply

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Hisashi Sumitomo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Statistical Nature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Risk ◽  
Precise Assessment

Chlorination has been believed to be the best sterilization method in water supply engineering for many years. However, the recent carcinogenic problem of trihalomethanes (THM) formed from organic compounds by chlorination requires us to assess the public health risk of THM. The author tried an assessment of a suitable chlorination technique considering both the effects of THM and viruses on human health, using Lake Biwa as a representative example of a water resource in Japan. Statistical handling of data was revealed to be important because of the statistical nature of the data. In other words, since both concentrations are very low in tap water, we need to quantify both the effects and concentrations with probabilities. In the first part of this paper, a statistical procedure and numerical results of the assessment of virus and THM risks are shown. In the second part some results of accuracies in virus experiments are briefly shown. These experiments concerning statistical problems are particularly important for more precise assessment of the public risk of viruses in tap water.

An assessment of language attitudes as a mediator in the stereotypes–L2 motivation linkage

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Nikitina ◽  
Fumitaka Furuoka
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Motivational Factor ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
L2 Motivation ◽  
Context Of Learning

AbstractApplied linguists and language educators have long acknowledged the prominent role that language attitudes play in the process of selecting and learning an additional language. The current study examines a mediating role of language attitudes in the Stereotypes–L2 motivation linkage in the context of learning a foreign language, an area which remains comparatively underexplored. It provides a detailed description of – and rationale for – applying a statistical procedure based on the Baron–Kenny method, which is rarely used in applied linguistics research. The findings indicate that stereotypes and language attitudes had a positive impact on L2 motivation when the former two variables were examined separately in two different analyses. However, when all the three variables were analysed together, language attitudes were found to remain a motivational factor while the stereotypes ceased to be such. This suggests that stereotypes had an indirect effect on L2 motivation through language attitudes. Hence, language attitudes were a mediating variable in the Stereotypes–L2 motivation linkage assessed by the Baron–Kenny method. These findings have some pedagogical implications.

A statistical procedure for estimating Grey seal pup production from a single census

Mammal Review ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. RADFORD ◽  
C. F. SUMMERS ◽  
K. M. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Grey Seal

scholarly journals Using Split Samples to Improve Inference on Causal Effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Fafchamps ◽  
Julien Labonne
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Testing Sample ◽  
Lower Likelihood

We discuss a statistical procedure to carry out empirical research that combines recent insights about preanalysis plans (PAPs) and replication. Researchers send their datasets to an independent third party who randomly generates training and testing samples. Researchers perform their analysis on the training sample and are able to incorporate feedback from both colleagues, editors, and referees. Once the paper is accepted for publication the method is applied to the testing sample and it is those results that are published. Simulations indicate that, under empirically relevant settings, the proposed method delivers more power than a PAP. The effect mostly operates through a lower likelihood that relevant hypotheses are left untested. The method appears better suited for exploratory analyses where there is significant uncertainty about the outcomes of interest. We do not recommend using the method in situations where the treatment are very costly and thus the available sample size is limited. An interpretation of the method is that it allows researchers to perform direct replication of their work. We also discuss a number of practical issues about the method’s feasibility and implementation.

Statistical procedure for comparison of potential difference between single-component sample surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 075011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Kajimoto ◽  
Kento Araki ◽  
Tomoki Misaka ◽  
Leo Sakamoto ◽  
Yoichi Otsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Surface ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Potential Difference

scholarly journals Induction Motor Faults Detection Using a Statistical Procedure Based-Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
A. Kouadri ◽  
A. Kheldoun ◽  
M. Hamadache ◽  
L. Refoufi
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motors ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Broken Rotor Bars ◽  
Statistical Estimates ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Stator Resistance

This paper presents the application of a new technique based on the variance of three phase stator currents’ instantaneous variance (VIV-TPSC) to detect faults in induction motors. The proposed fault detection algorithm is based on computation of the confidence interval index (CI) at different load conditions. This index provides an estimate of the amount of error in the considered data and determines the accuracy of the computed statistical estimates. The algorithm offers the advantage of being able to detect faults, particularly broken rotor bars, independently of loading conditions. Moreover, the implementation of the algorithm requires only the calculation of the variance of the measured three-phase stator currents’ instantaneous variance. The discrimination between faulty and healthy operations is based on the adherence of VIV-TPSC value to the CI which is calculated after checking out that the variance of instantaneous variance is a random variable obeying to normal distribution law. Rotor and stator resistance values are not used in any part of the CI and VIV-TPSC calculations, giving the algorithm more robustness. The effectiveness and the accuracy of the proposed approach are shown under different faulty operations.

scholarly journals Behavior Modification to Improve Self Confidence of Disabled Student’s

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ravindra M. Ghoti
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Modification ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Subject

The present study has been conducted to investigate the Behavior Modification to improve Self confidence of Disabled Student’s in Indian context. Study includes the Disabled School Student’s in Aurangabad respectively whom were in the age of 15 to 20 years. To assess the Confidence of the subject the Self Confidence Inventory.  Proposed Statistical Procedure is Descriptive statistics i.e. Mean, S.D, will be computed and ‘t’ test. Conclusion in this study On the basis of data and discussion of results, the hypotheses were tested and verified. Self confidence of Disabled Student’s can be improved by Behavior Modification.

scholarly journals Researcher Degrees of Freedom and a Lack of Transparency Contribute to Unreliable Results of Nonparametric Statistical Analyses Across SPSS, SAS, Stata, and R

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cooper Hodges ◽  
Hannah Michelle Lindsey ◽  
Paula Johnson ◽  
Bryant M Stone ◽  
James carter
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Computational Error ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Hand Calculation ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical

The replication crisis within the social and behavioral sciences has called into question the consistency of research methodology. A lack of attention to minor details in replication studies may limit researchers’ abilities to reproduce the results. One such overlooked detail is the statistical programs used to analyze the data. In the current investigation, we compared the results of several nonparametric analyses and measures of normality conducted on a large sample of data in SPSS, SAS, Stata, and R with results obtained through hand-calculation using the raw computational formulas. Multiple inconsistencies were found in the results produced between statistical packages due to algorithmic variation, computational error, and lack of clarity and/or specificity in the statistical output generated. We also highlight similar inconsistencies in supplementary analyses conducted on subsets of the data, which reflect realistic sample sizes. These inconsistencies were largely due to algorithmic variations used within packages when the analyses are performed on data from small- or medium-sized samples. We discuss how such inconsistencies may influence the conclusions drawn from the results of statistical analyses depending on the statistical software used, and we urge researchers to analyze their data across multiple packages, report details regarding the statistical procedure used for data analysis and consider these details when conducting direct replications studies.

scholarly journals Sequence of eruptive events in the Vesuvio area recorded in shallow-water Ionian Sea sediments

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Taricco ◽  
S. Alessio ◽  
G. Vivaldo
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Volcanic Events ◽  
High Confidence Level

Abstract. The dating of the cores we drilled from the Gallipoli terrace in the Gulf of Taranto (Ionian Sea), previously obtained by tephroanalysis, is checked by applying a method to objectively recognize volcanic events. This automatic statistical procedure allows identifying pulse-like features in a series and evaluating quantitatively the confidence level at which the significant peaks are detected. We applied it to the 2000-years-long pyroxenes series of the GT89-3 core, on which the dating is based. The method confirms the dating previously performed by detecting at a high confidence level the peaks originally used and indicates a few possible undocumented eruptions. Moreover, a spectral analysis, focussed on the long-term variability of the pyroxenes series and performed by several advanced methods, reveals that the volcanic pulses are superimposed to a millennial trend and a 400 years oscillation.

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