Protection Zones | ScienceGate

The main problems of overhead and cable transmission lines with voltage >=110 kV electric and magnetic fields general public protection are presented. It is shown that it is necessary to develop regulatory requirements for these lines’ sanitary protection zones organization, taking into account the magnetic field component, because its possible health risk factor, up to carcinogenic.

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Methodical and organizational aspects in designing sanitary protection zones for a group of enterprises or industrial centers as a toll for complex atmospheric air quality assessment

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-11-940-944 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 940-944

Author(s):

S. Yu. Zagorodnov ◽

I. V. May

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

Design Work ◽

Atmospheric Air ◽

Protection Zones ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Economic Entity ◽

Outer Border ◽

Zone Of Influence ◽

Environmental Measures

Introduction. Sanitary legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the organization of sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises located in the industrial hub. However, the justification procedure, establishing and monitoring boundaries of a single sanitary zones not fully resolved. This determines the practice of organization by economic entities of individual zones separating production from residential development. This situation complicates the adequate assessment of real pollution, as well as the reasonable development of programs (plans) of environmental measures. Identification of the sources that create poor air quality and public health risks is becoming extremely problematic.The aim of the study is to develop and test recommendations for the organization and methodological support of the design of a single sanitary protection zone of a group of enterprises in the current urban development.Materials and methods. The object of the study is an industrial hub formed by 5 industrial enterprises and located on the territory of a large urban settlement with a population of more than 450 thousand people. The city administration carried out a number of organizational measures that ensured the simultaneous inventory of emissions of enterprises and the design of the general sanitary zone of the industrial complex. The design work was carried out in full accordance with the current regulatory framework.Results. The verified unified database of 102 sources of chemical emissions and 113 sources of noise provided the possibility of summary calculations and obtaining the most correct results for surface concentrations in the zone of influence of the industrial hub. The program of quality control of atmospheric air defining the contribution of each economic subject to carrying out researches is formed. This made it possible to ensure the control of all priority contaminants at the outer border of the sanitary zone and reduce the costs of each separate economic entity. Zones of responsibility of each enterprise within borders of a uniform sanitary zone for tasks of maintenance of the standard maintenance of the territory are allocated.Conclusions. The obtained results confirmed the feasibility of designing unified sanitary protection zones for economic entities located in the industrial hub.

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DETERMINATION OF SIZE OF PROTECTIVE ZONES TO PROVIDE SECURITY MEASURES DURING TESTS OF ARMING AND ROCKET FORCES AND ARTILLERY MATERIALON TESTING GROUND

Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy ◽

10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.1.55-62 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (12) ◽

pp. 55-62

Author(s):

O. Maistrenko ◽

M. Petrushenko ◽

S. Nikul ◽

Y. Sinilo

Keyword(s):

Armed Forces ◽

Test Site ◽

Security Measures ◽

Safety Measures ◽

Protection Zones ◽

Testing Ground ◽

Permanent Improvement ◽

Near Accidents

The article analyzes the possible risks that can arise when firing artillery and rocket launches. The disadvantages of the method of calculating the protection zones are identified, which taking into account will reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of abnormal situations, which can lead to tragic consequences and damage to objects adjacent to the boundary of the testing ground. Additions to the procedure for determining the protection zones of the test site in the interests of RVIA are proposed and the specified, correct sizes of these zones are provided. Development of rocket troops and artillery (RTaA) of the Armed Forces (AF) of Ukraine is impossible without a permanent improvement and modernisation of types of armament and ammunition to them, development of the new artillery systems and their ground tests. During realization of ground tests of types of armament and military technique (WME) of RTaA firing of artillery and starting of rockets is accompanied by errors or wrong acts of WME attendant and personnel or extraneous persons, the consequences of that must be envisaged, and the risk of their origin is Analysis of the battle firing, including during realization of anti-terror operation and operation of the incorporated forces on east of Ukraine row of ground tests of standards of WME RTaA test if possibility of origin of nonpermanent near-accidents during application of armament of RtaA as a result of rejection of trajectory of flight of projectile (mines) by the direction and distance from the expected targets. Mostly it happens through untaking into account of maximal rejections of meteorological and ballistic terms of firing from tabular or errors in calculations, wrong acquisition of charge, error at aiming of fighting machines, cannons, mortars. There for practice of the battle firing needs taking into account of these errors, that will give an opportunity consider ably to promo test rength security at application of armament of RAaT during testing of standards of WME. Thus, in the article certainly and possible risks that can arise up during realization of firing of artillery and starting of rockets are analysed, related to the lacks of existent methodology of realization of calculations in relation to providing of safety measures during the tests of WME RtaA. Suggestions are brought in, in relation to the improvement of methodology of realization of calculations of sizes of protective zones, that unlike existing more in detail take into account maximal deviations of terms of firing from tabular values. These suggestions for providing of safety measures it will be allowed to decrease probability of origin of situations, that can result in tragic consequences and to causing of damages to the objects that fit closely to the limits of training field. Anoffer adding to the order of determination of protective zones and given specified sizes of the sezones have an important practical value at determination of possibilities of grounds and providing of safety of testing and battle firing (starting) of RtaA.

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Rethinking coastal cliff protection zones for landscape planning. What limits are enough?

Applied Geography ◽

10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102387 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 127 ◽

pp. 102387

Author(s):

S.B. Pena ◽

M.M. Abreu ◽

M.R. Magalhães

Keyword(s):

Landscape Planning ◽

Protection Zones ◽

Coastal Cliff

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Forest Land Quality Evaluation and the Protection Zoning of Subtropical Humid Evergreen Broadleaf Forest Region Based on the PSO-TOPSIS Model and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association: A Case Study of Hefeng County, Hubei Province, China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12030325 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 325

Author(s):

Li Wang ◽

Yong Zhou ◽

Qing Li ◽

Qian Zuo ◽

Haoran Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Quality Evaluation ◽

Spatial Association ◽

Forest Land ◽

Mountain Regions ◽

Land Quality ◽

Land Protection ◽

Protection Zones ◽

Forest Region ◽

Topsis Model

Forest land is the carrier for growing forests. It is of great significance to evaluate the forest land quality scientifically and delineate forestland protection zones reasonably for realizing better forest land management, promoting ecological civilization construction, and coping with global climate change. In this study, taking Hefeng County, Hubei Province, a subtropical humid evergreen broad-leaved forest region in China, as the study area, 14 indicators were selected from four dimensions—climatic conditions, terrain, soil conditions, and socioeconomics—to construct a forest land quality evaluation index system. Based on the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model, we introduced the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to design the evaluation model to evaluate the forest land quality and analyze the distribution of forest land quality in Hefeng. Further, we used the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) to explore the spatial distribution of forest land quality and delineate the forest land protection zones. The results showed the following: (1) the overall quality of forest land was high, with some variability between regions. The range of Forest Land Quality Index (FLQI) in Hefeng was 0.4091–0.8601, with a mean value of 0.6337. The forest land quality grades were mainly first and second grade, with the higher-grade forest land mainly distributed in the central and southeastern low mountain regions of Zouma, Wuli, and Yanzi. The lower-grade forest land was mainly distributed in the northwestern middle and high mountain regions of Zhongying, Taiping, and Rongmei. (2) The global spatial autocorrelation index of forest land quality in Hefeng County was 0.7562, indicating that the forest land quality in the county had a strong spatial similarity. The spatial distribution of similarity types high-high (HH) and low-low (LL) was more clustered, while the spatial distribution of dissimilarity types high-low (HL) and low-high (LH) was generally dispersed. (3) Based on the LISA of forest land quality, forest land protection zones were divided into three types: key protection zones (KPZs), active protection zones (APZs), and general protection zones (GPZs). The forest land protection zoning basically coincided with the forest land quality. Combining the characteristics of self-correlated types in different forestland protection zones, corresponding management and protection measures were proposed. This showed that the PSO-TOPSIS model can be effectively used for forest land quality evaluation. At the same time, the spatial attributes of forest land were incorporated into the development of forest land protection zoning scheme, which expands the method of forest land protection zoning, and can provide a scientific basis and methodological reference for the reasonable formulation of forest land use planning in Hefeng County, while also serving as a reference for similar regions and countries.

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Protection Zones in Periodic-Parabolic Problems

Advanced Nonlinear Studies ◽

10.1515/ans-2020-2084 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 253-276

Author(s):

Julián López-Gómez

Keyword(s):

Mixed Type ◽

Principal Eigenvalue ◽

Boundary Operator ◽

General Boundary ◽

Parabolic Problems ◽

Parabolic Operator ◽

Protection Zones ◽

Competitive Environments

AbstractThis paper characterizes whether or not\Sigma_{\infty}\equiv\lim_{\lambda\uparrow\infty}\sigma[\mathcal{P}+\lambda m(% x,t),\mathfrak{B},Q_{T}]is finite, where {m\gneq 0} is T-periodic and {\sigma[\mathcal{P}+\lambda m(x,t),\mathfrak{B},Q_{T}]} stands for the principal eigenvalue of the parabolic operator {\mathcal{P}+\lambda m(x,t)} in {Q_{T}\equiv\Omega\times[0,T]} subject to a general boundary operator of mixed type, {\mathfrak{B}}, on {\partial\Omega\times[0,T]}. Then this result is applied to discuss the nature of the territorial refuges in periodic competitive environments.

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Cost of groundwater protection: major groundwater basin protection zones in Poland

International Environmental Agreements Politics Law and Economics ◽

10.1007/s10784-021-09525-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ewa Krogulec ◽

Jacek Gurwin ◽

Mirosław Wąsik

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Groundwater Protection ◽

Social Economy ◽

Land Development ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Legal Analysis ◽

Protection Zones ◽

Groundwater Basins ◽

The Cost

AbstractThis paper describes the complex hydrogeological, legal framework and socioeconomic costs of the groundwater protection in major groundwater basins (MGBs) in Poland in accordance with European directives. The hydrogeological criteria developed in Poland for establishing MGBs and the principles of their protection provide more details to the directives that are in force in Europe, which define the general principles for groundwater protection. The procedure of establishing MGB protection zones is connected with a change in local plans and land development and requires an analysis of the cost–benefit relationship in the sphere of social economy in the sector of public economics. The cost assessment was performed on the basis of data from hydrogeological documentations, and the aggregation of subareas to which the same existing and planned development can be attributed. A legal analysis of bans, orders and restrictions together with the identification of the risk of claims in specific hydrogeological and development conditions was a fundamental issue of research. These costs depend on the acreage and land use of the protected area. The unit costs of MGB protection, calculated per 1 km2 of the protection area, for six sample basins were estimated at €120 to €208,000/2 years/1 km2. The highest costs are generated by establishing protection in urban areas, while the lowest costs are generated in forest areas.

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Wellhead protection zones for sustainable groundwater supply

Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽

10.1007/s40899-017-0156-x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 161-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marta del Carmen Paris ◽

Mónica D’Elía ◽

Marcela Pérez ◽

Josefina Pacini

Keyword(s):

Protection Zones ◽

Wellhead Protection ◽

Groundwater Supply

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