High-Pressure Measuring Devices and Test Equipment

2012 ◽  
pp. 335-367
Author(s):  
Arne Pietsch
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Measuring Devices

Bearing Load Measurements on a 3-Shaft Gas Turbine

2004 ◽  
Vol 1-2 ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
Leighton P.J. Tipton
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Load Imbalance ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
Bearing Loads

Axial location bearings are used to carry the load imbalance between the forward thrust of an aero-engine’s compressor and the rearwards drag of the turbine that drives the compressor’s rotation. The large gas turbines manufactured by Rolls-Royce have three independently rotating compressor/turbine stages, namely the low pressure (LP), the intermediate pressure (IP) and high pressure (HP) systems. The load imbalance, or bearing load, associated with each of these systems must be assessed during an engines development phase in order to confirm the reliability of the bearings throughout the operating life of the engine. The methods employed by Rolls-Royce to quantify the bearing loads on their modern range of gas turbines are discussed, including the most recent technique using modified engine structures to act as load measuring devices. Particular note is given to the instrumentation techniques used to record the loads generated by the engine during sea level testing.

Couplings for high pressure test equipment

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1047
Author(s):  
F. G. Rzaev ◽  
L. E. Liznard
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Pressure Test

scholarly journals Teknologi IoT dan Arduino Guna Pemantauan Arus Dan Tegangan Listrik

e-NARODROID ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Lasarus Setyo Pamungkas ◽  
Natalia Damastuti
Keyword(s):  
Test Equipment ◽  
Current Sensor ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Electric Voltage ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
Monitoring Test ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Arduino Microcontroller

ABSTRACT.  The technology of electric current and voltage monitoring devices for this decade's strong current is digital kWh meter. As a development of analog kWh meter measuring devices such as those installed in strong current electricity customers PT. PLN Persero. Digital kWh meters  calculated  function of the power used in kWh and also monitoring of the used current and voltage. The weakness of digital kWh meter results from measurement and monitoring cannot be stored in a long time vulnerable. The aim of this research is  design a test device for IOT Flow Monitoring and Strong Current Electric Voltage. A design of test equipment stored in a database with ACS712 current sensor and voltage of ZMPT101B, Arduino microcontroller, ethernet shield, database on localhost and localhost web servers. The design of the current and voltage monitoring test equipment is designed at 1 phase voltage. ACS712 current sensor and ZMPT101B voltage sensor send data to the Arduino microcontroller. The received data is converted to Ampere and Volt values ??and calculated the power and expense  ??used by the electricity load. Cost calculation refers to the 1300VA customer cost of PT. PLN Persero about Rp. 1467.28. Then the calculation result data is sent to the database on the localhost server and displayed on the localhost web. The results between digital kWh meters and the design of test equipment obtained an average voltage of 3.8V, 0.71A and 14Watt.   Keywords ; Monitoring, Localhost Database  ,kWh meter, Current, and power,  IoT  

Device for Detecting the Level of Ionization of the Fuel Mixture in the Cylinder Petrol Engine

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 880-884
Author(s):  
Aleš Dittrich ◽  
Josef Laurin ◽  
Tomáš Zvolský
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Current Measurement ◽  
Functional Test ◽  
Petrol Engine ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Ionization Current ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Engine Cycle

The paper is focused on the ionization current measurement in the cylinder SI engine during an engine cycle. Briefly describes the problems and lists reference sources, which are several possible ways of measuring the ionization current during the working cycle. Paper also provides information regarding the proposed scheme of measuring devices and mentions functional test equipment.

High-pressure freezing of cells in suspension for low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM)

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Marek Malecki ◽  
James Pawley ◽  
Hans Ris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Cell Culture Media ◽  
Voltage Scanning

The ultrastructure of cells suspended in physiological fluids or cell culture media can only be studied if the living processes are stopped while the cells remain in suspension. Attachment of living cells to carrier surfaces to facilitate further processing for electron microscopy produces a rapid reorganization of cell structure eradicating most traces of the structures present when the cells were in suspension. The structure of cells in suspension can be immobilized by either chemical fixation or, much faster, by rapid freezing (cryo-immobilization). The fixation speed is particularly important in studies of cell surface reorganization over time. High pressure freezing provides conditions where specimens up to 500μm thick can be frozen in milliseconds without ice crystal damage. This volume is sufficient for cells to remain in suspension until frozen. However, special procedures are needed to assure that the unattached cells are not lost during subsequent processing for LVSEM or HVEM using freeze-substitution or freeze drying. We recently developed such a procedure.

Prolonged Fixation Studies For Spaceflight

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
Robert Corbett ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
Sam Black
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Large Numbers

Observation of subtle or early signs of change in spaceflight induced alterations on living systems require precise methods of sampling. In-flight analysis would be preferable but constraints of time, equipment, personnel and cost dictate the necessity for prolonged storage before retrieval. Because of this, various tissues have been stored in fixatives and combinations of fixatives and observed at various time intervals. High pressure and the effect of buffer alone have also been tried.Of the various tissues embedded, muscle, cartilage and liver, liver has been the most extensively studied because it contains large numbers of organelles common to all tissues (Fig. 1).

Cryosectioning plant roots prepared by high-pressure freezing

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
R.E. Crang ◽  
M. Mueller ◽  
K. Zierold
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Vitreous State ◽  
Radial Depth ◽  
Irregular Topography ◽  
Considerable Depth ◽  
Conventional Freezing

Obtaining frozen-hydrated sections of plant tissues for electron microscopy and microanalysis has been considered difficult, if not impossible, due primarily to the considerable depth of effective freezing in the tissues which would be required. The greatest depth of vitreous freezing is generally considered to be only 15-20 μm in animal specimens. Plant cells are often much larger in diameter and, if several cells are required to be intact, ice crystal damage can be expected to be so severe as to prevent successful cryoultramicrotomy. The very nature of cell walls, intercellular air spaces, irregular topography, and large vacuoles often make it impractical to use immersion, metal-mirror, or jet freezing techniques for botanical material.However, it has been proposed that high-pressure freezing (HPF) may offer an alternative to the more conventional freezing techniques, inasmuch as non-cryoprotected specimens may be frozen in a vitreous, or near-vitreous state, to a radial depth of at least 0.5 mm.

High-pressure freezing and freeze substitution of plant tissue

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 748-749
Author(s):  
William P. Sharp ◽  
Robert W. Roberson
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Cold Metal ◽  
Brome Grass

The aim of ultrastructural investigation is to analyze cell architecture and relate a functional role(s) to cell components. It is known that aqueous chemical fixation requires seconds to minutes to penetrate and stabilize cell structure which may result in structural artifacts. The use of ultralow temperatures to fix and prepare specimens, however, leads to a much improved preservation of the cell’s living state. A critical limitation of conventional cryofixation methods (i.e., propane-jet freezing, cold-metal slamming, plunge-freezing) is that only a 10 to 40 μm thick surface layer of cells can be frozen without distorting ice crystal formation. This problem can be allayed by freezing samples under about 2100 bar of hydrostatic pressure which suppresses the formation of ice nuclei and their rate of growth. Thus, 0.6 mm thick samples with a total volume of 1 mm3 can be frozen without ice crystal damage. The purpose of this study is to describe the cellular details and identify potential artifacts in root tissue of barley (Hordeum vulgari L.) and leaf tissue of brome grass (Bromus mollis L.) fixed and prepared by high-pressure freezing (HPF) and freeze substitution (FS) techniques.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document