Aggressive interactions and consistency of dominance hierarchies of the native and nonnative cichlid fishes of the Balsas basin

'In a colony of captive koalas, all aggressive behaviour was a variation on the single motor pattern of throwing a foreleg around an opponent and biting. Squabbles (the most common aggressive behaviour) were brief, low level interactions usually arising from the efforts of one koala to climb past or over another. Minor fghts involved only single bites and the combatants stayed in the same place; major ,fights involved multiple bites and changes of position. Dependent young were seldom involved in aggression. Between males. minor fights were essentially intensified squabbles, but major fights involved wrestling and chasing; they were more likely between males unfamiliar with each other, or those already aroused by, e.g., other aggressive interactions. Females became aggressive especially during pregnancy and at the end of lactation. At such times they stood their ground and vocalized at other koalas, especially males, but attacked only if the opponent came within reach. Although the opponent usually withdrew. sometimes a male seemed provoked to attack. Males sometimes attacked females without obvious provocation. Aggression was slightly more common in than outside the breeding season. Competition for females or food, dominance hierarchies, appeasement, and the defence of young were not seen.

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The effect of flight distance on aggression and skin damage of newly weaned sows at mixing

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200001691 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1999 ◽

pp. 14-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. M. Kay ◽

A. Burfoot ◽

H. A. M. Spoolder ◽

C. M. Docking

Keyword(s):

Flight Distance ◽

Video Tape ◽

Skin Damage ◽

Large Area ◽

Dominance Hierarchies ◽

Aggressive Interactions

The mixing of unfamiliar sows at weaning results in the establishment of dominance hierarchies, frequently involving aggression. In commercial situations, with limited available flight distances, this can result in injuries and poor sow welfare. The objectives of this study were to measure flight and chase distances, and the incidence of aggressive interactions and levels of skin damage that occur when newly weaned sows were mixed in a large area where flight and chase distances were unlikely to be limiting.Eight replicate groups of six unfamiliar sows were mixed in an arena (18x10.5m) at weaning. The sows were mixed at 09.00 h on Day 1, removed on Day 2 at 08.00 h for feeding in individual stalls, and returned to the arena at 09.00 h. Sows were observed directly from 09.00 h to 16.00 h on Day 1, and from 09.00 h to 13.00 h on Day 2. Video tape records were taken continuously for 28 hours from 09.00 h on Day 1. All aggressive interactions were recorded and categorised into three classes: brief (single knock, snap or bite), one-sided fight (no retaliation by defender), or two-sided fight (defender retaliates).

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Costs dictate strategic investment in dominance interactions

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2020.0447 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 377 (1845) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tobit Dehnen ◽

Danai Papageorgiou ◽

Brendah Nyaguthii ◽

Wismer Cherono ◽

Julia Penndorf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Cost ◽

Social Groups ◽

Theme Issue ◽

Pecking Order ◽

Dominance Hierarchies ◽

Strategic Investment ◽

Aggressive Interactions ◽

Current State ◽

Dominance Interactions ◽

Group Members

Dominance is important for access to resources. As dominance interactions are costly, individuals should be strategic in whom they interact with. One hypothesis is that individuals should direct costly interactions towards those closest in rank, as they have most to gain—in terms of attaining or maintaining dominance—from winning such interactions. Here, we show that male vulturine guineafowl ( Acryllium vulturinum ), a gregarious species with steep dominance hierarchies, strategically express higher-cost aggressive interactions towards males occupying ranks immediately below themselves in their group's hierarchy. By contrast, lower-cost aggressive interactions are expressed towards group members further down the hierarchy. By directly evaluating differences in the strategic use of higher- and lower-cost aggressive interactions towards competitors, we show that individuals disproportionately use highest-cost interactions—such as chases—towards males found one to three ranks below themselves. Our results support the hypothesis that the costs associated with different interaction types can determine their expression in social groups with steep dominance hierarchies. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies’.

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Insect territoriality

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z83-064 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 471-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

S. M. Fitzpatrick ◽

W. G. Wellington

Keyword(s):

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Territorial Behavior ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Dominance Hierarchies ◽

Aggressive Interactions ◽

Lek Behavior ◽

Reproductive Consequences

Territorial behavior has been reported in many orders of insects, particularly among the Odonata, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera. Although territoriality has been recognized among immature stages as well as in both sexes of adult insects, most of the published reports deal with the reproductive consequences of aggressive interactions among territorial males. Some dominance hierarchies have been described, particularly among cockroaches and megachilid and halictid bees. Lek behavior has also been reported among dragonflies, butterflies, and Hawaiian drosophilids. In all the species studied, territorial behavior spreads males through a habitat, minimizing intruder interference with courtship and mating, and increasing the probability that females will be mated. Besides these intraspecific effects, however, aggressive behavior towards unrelated species may reverberate through the larger community. For example, repeated attacks by aggressive files may cause pollinating bees and aphidophagous predators to change their foraging routes, and thus prevent them from servicing particular habitats.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Interspecific profiling of gene expression informed by comparative genomic hybridization: A review and a novel approach in African cichlid fishes.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1319956.790054 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Nico M van Straalen

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Comparative Genomic Hybridization ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

Genomic Hybridization ◽

Cichlid Fishes ◽

African Cichlid ◽

Novel Approach

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Rapid evolution and selection inferred from the transcriptomes of sympatric crater lake cichlid fishes.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.3652956.3372054 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Nico M van Straalen

Keyword(s):

Crater Lake ◽

Rapid Evolution ◽

Cichlid Fishes

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Interspecific profiling of gene expression informed by comparative genomic hybridization: A review and a novel approach in African cichlid fishes.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718677585.790054 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Nico M van Straalen

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Comparative Genomic Hybridization ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

Genomic Hybridization ◽

Cichlid Fishes ◽

African Cichlid ◽

Novel Approach

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Biology of Crassicutis cichlasomae, a parasite of cichlid fishes in Mexico and Central America

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00013869 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 69-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

T. Scholz ◽

M.C.F. Pech-Ek ◽

R. Rodriguez-Canul

Keyword(s):

Central America ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Infected Fish ◽

Constant Darkness ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Cichlid Fishes ◽

Feeding Experiments ◽

Light Darkness ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Cichlasoma Urophthalmus

AbstractField study on the biology of Crassicutis cichlasomae Manter, 1936 (Digenea: Homalometridae) was carried out in a small swamp in a limestone factory near Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. Aquatic snails, Littorina (Littoridinopsis) angulifera, harbouring C. cichlasomae rediae, cercariae and metacercariae, served both as the first and second intermediate hosts. Feeding experiments confirmed the conspecificity of metacercariae from naturally infected snails with adults from naturally infected fish. Gravid C. cichlasomae worms were obtained from experimentally infected fish 19 days post exposure at 22–24°C. Examination of fish from the swamp in Mitza and other localities in the Yucatan Peninsula showed that the cichlids Cichlasoma urophthalmus and C. meeki were definitive hosts of C. cichlasomae. There was no pronounced preference of C. cichlasomae adults for the site of their location in the intestine of the definitive host; a slightly higher proportion (41%) of worms was only found in the anterior third of the gut. The time of miracidium development varied from 18.5 to 27.5 days; different temperature (20.1–35.7°C) or light/darkness regimes influenced only slightly the rate of embryonic development, with shorter development times at higher temperature (34.8–35.7°C) and constant darkness and/or light. With the exception of the sporocyst, all developmental stages are described and figured.

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Gene coexpression networks reveal molecular interactions underlying cichlid jaw modularity

BMC Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1186/s12862-021-01787-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pooja Singh ◽

Ehsan Pashay Ahi ◽

Christian Sturmbauer

Keyword(s):

In Silico ◽

Regulatory Networks ◽

Evolutionary Significance ◽

Cichlid Species ◽

Cichlid Fishes ◽

Gene Coexpression ◽

Modular Evolution ◽

Jaw Apparatus ◽

Coexpression Networks ◽

Pharyngeal Jaw

Abstract Background The oral and pharyngeal jaw of cichlid fishes are a classic example of evolutionary modularity as their functional decoupling boosted trophic diversification and contributed to the success of cichlid adaptive radiations. Most studies until now have focused on the functional, morphological, or genetic aspects of cichlid jaw modularity. Here we extend this concept to include transcriptional modularity by sequencing whole transcriptomes of the two jaws and comparing their gene coexpression networks. Results We show that transcriptional decoupling of gene expression underlies the functional decoupling of cichlid oral and pharyngeal jaw apparatus and the two units are evolving independently in recently diverged cichlid species from Lake Tanganyika. Oral and pharyngeal jaw coexpression networks reflect the common origin of the jaw regulatory program as there is high preservation of gene coexpression modules between the two sets of jaws. However, there is substantial rewiring of genetic architecture within those modules. We define a global jaw coexpression network and highlight jaw-specific and species-specific modules within it. Furthermore, we annotate a comprehensive in silico gene regulatory network linking the Wnt and AHR signalling pathways to jaw morphogenesis and response to environmental cues, respectively. Components of these pathways are significantly differentially expressed between the oral and pharyngeal jaw apparatus. Conclusion This study describes the concerted expression of many genes in cichlid oral and pharyngeal jaw apparatus at the onset of the independent life of cichlid fishes. Our findings suggest that – on the basis of an ancestral gill arch network—transcriptional rewiring may have driven the modular evolution of the oral and pharyngeal jaws, highlighting the evolutionary significance of gene network reuse. The gene coexpression and in silico regulatory networks presented here are intended as resource for future studies on the genetics of vertebrate jaw morphogenesis and trophic adaptation.

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