scholarly journals Swine producer willingness to pay for Tier 1 disease risk mitigation under multifaceted ambiguity

Agribusiness ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwon Lee ◽  
Lee L. Schulz ◽  
Glynn T. Tonsor
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Tier 1

scholarly journals A Choice Based Experiment of Community Supported Agriculture (CSA): A Valuation of Attributes

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiushuo Yu ◽  
Ben Campbell ◽  
Yizao Liu ◽  
Jiff Martin
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Community Supported Agriculture ◽  
Organic Products

Community-supported agriculture (CSA) operators are becoming more innovative in their efforts to attract consumers to become CSA shareholders. Therefore, CSA operators must understand which attributes consumers value. Using an online survey of Connecticut consumers in conjunction with a choice experiment, we evaluate consumer preference and willingness to pay for various attributes, including risk mitigation. We find younger consumers are more likely to prefer CSAs with organic products, while a greater diversity of products in the CSA share will increase preference for a CSA for some consumers. Further, we find that consumers with and without CSA experience value the risk-mitigation attribute.

scholarly journals Adolescent alcohol, nuts, and fiber: combined effects on benign breast disease risk in young women

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Berkey ◽  
Rulla M. Tamimi ◽  
Walter C. Willett ◽  
Bernard Rosner ◽  
Martha Hickey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Benign Breast Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
School Students ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber

AbstractAdolescent drinking is associated with higher risks of proliferative benign breast disease (BBD) and invasive breast cancer (BC). Furthermore, adolescent nut and fiber consumptions are associated with lower risks of benign lesions and premenopausal BC. We hypothesize that diet (nuts, fiber) may mitigate the elevated BBD risk associated with alcohol. A prospective cohort of 9031 females, 9–15 years at baseline, completed questionnaires in 1996–2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2014. Participants completed food frequency questionnaires in 1996–2001. In 2005, participants (>=18 years) began reporting biopsy-confirmed BBD (N = 173 cases). Multivariable logistic regression estimated associations between BBD and cross-classified intakes (14–17 years) of alcohol and peanut butter/nuts (separately, total dietary fiber). Only 19% of participants drank in high school; drinking was associated with elevated BBD risk (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.20–2.56; p = 0.004) compared to nondrinkers. Participants consuming any nuts/butter had lower BBD risk (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45–0.90; p = 0.01) compared to those consuming none. Participants in top 75% fiber intake had lower risk (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40–0.81; p = 0.002) compared to bottom quartile. Testing our hypothesis that consuming nuts/butter mitigates the elevated alcohol risk, analyzing alcohol and nuts combined found that those who consumed both had lower risk (RR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24–0.89; p = 0.02) compared to drinkers eating no nuts. Our analysis of alcohol and fiber together did not demonstrate risk mitigation by fiber. For high school females who drink, their BBD risk may be attenuated by consuming nuts. Due to modest numbers, future studies need to replicate our findings in adolescent/adult females. However, high school students may be encouraged to eat nuts and fiber, and to avoid alcohol, to reduce risk of BBD and for general health benefits.

scholarly journals The social benefits of private infectious disease-risk mitigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Morin ◽  
Charles Perrings ◽  
Ann Kinzig ◽  
Simon Levin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Conservation, development and the management of infectious disease: avian influenza in China, 2004–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1722) ◽  
pp. 20160126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wu ◽  
Charles Perrings
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Economic Risk

There is growing evidence that wildlife conservation measures have mixed effects on the emergence and spread of zoonotic disease. Wildlife conservation has been found to have both positive (dilution) and negative (contagion) effects. In the case of avian influenza H5N1 in China, the focus has been on negative effects. Lakes and wetlands attracting migrating waterfowl have been argued to be disease hotspots. We consider the implications of waterfowl conservation for H5N1 infections in both poultry and humans between 2004 and 2012. We model both environmental and economic risk factors. Environmental risk factors comprise the conditions that structure interaction between wild and domesticated birds. Economic risk factors comprise the cost of disease, biosecurity measures and disease risk mitigation. We find that H5N1 outbreaks in poultry populations are indeed sensitive to the existence of wild-domesticated bird mixing zones, but not in the way we would expect from the literature. We find that risk is decreasing in protected migratory bird habitat. Since the number of human cases is increasing in the number of poultry outbreaks, as expected, the implication is that the protection of wetlands important for migratory birds offers unexpected human health benefits. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications’.

scholarly journals Cost shared wildfire risk mitigation in Log Hill Mesa, Colorado: survey evidence on participation and willingness to pay

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Meldrum ◽  
Patricia A. Champ ◽  
Travis Warziniack ◽  
Hannah Brenkert-Smith ◽  
Christopher M. Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Visual Impacts ◽  
The Cost

Wildland–urban interface (WUI) homeowners who do not mitigate the wildfire risk on their properties impose a negative externality on society. To reduce the social costs of wildfire and incentivise homeowners to take action, cost sharing programs seek to reduce the barriers that impede wildfire risk mitigation. Using survey data from a WUI community in western Colorado and a two-stage decision framework, we examine residents’ willingness to participate in a cost sharing program for removing vegetation on their properties and the amount they are willing to contribute to the cost of that removal. We find that different factors motivate decisions about participation and about how much to pay. Willingness to participate correlates with both financial and non-monetary considerations, including informational barriers and wildfire risk perceptions, but not with concerns about effectiveness or visual impacts. Residents of properties with higher wildfire risk levels are less likely to participate in the cost sharing than those with lower levels of wildfire risk. We find widespread, positive willingness to pay for vegetation removal, with the amount associated negatively with property size and positively with respondent income. These results can inform the development of cost sharing programs to encourage wildfire risk mitigation on private property.

scholarly journals Homeowner Preferences for Wildfire Risk Mitigation in the Alaskan Wildland Urban Interface

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11754
Author(s):  
Allen Molina ◽  
Joseph Little ◽  
Stacy Drury ◽  
Randi Jandt
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Fuel Treatments ◽  
Wildland Urban Interface ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Amenity Values

Wildfire has become a larger threat to human life and property with the proliferation of homes into the wildland urban interface and warming climate. In this study we explored Alaskan homeowner preferences for wildfire risk mitigation in the wildland urban interface using discrete choice experiments to better understand the drivers of their risk mitigation actions. Estimates of willingness-to-pay for private mitigation actions are increased with wildfire risk reduction for all respondents. Willingness-to-pay for private mitigation is also positively associated with the presence of thinned fuel treatments on nearby public lands, but is estimated to decrease if cleared fuel treatments are present on public lands. Our study concludes that homeowners minimize wildfire risk while maintaining neighborhood amenity values. Additionally, findings suggest that there is an optimal amount of neighborhood participation to motivate individual risk mitigation actions, as well as having a say in the mitigation actions on public lands.

To test or not to test: what is the value of knowing?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
John Rizzo ◽  
David Lee
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Good News ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
The Impact

This paper develops a conceptual model for understanding the impact of the “value of knowing”, defined as the value of information from medical tests exclusive of treatment or life-planning decisions on a patient’s decision to undergo testing.  We draw upon the behavioral economic, loss-aversion, cost-benefit and willingness-to-pay literatures to develop a mathematical model of how a medical diagnostic test affects patients’ sense of wellbeing and how this phenomenon affects their decision to undergo testing.  The model allows simultaneous evaluation of the impact of baseline (pre-test) disease risk, test inaccuracy, prior information, worrying over disease onset, time preference and the degree of loss aversion on patients’ net assessment of the value of knowing.  We then simulate the net value of knowing under alternative hypothetical scenarios about test accuracy and patient characteristics.              Patients agree to testing when the expected benefits from good news (measured by willingness to pay) exceed the psychic costs of bad news (measured by willingness to accept).  The value of knowing from testing is shown to depend on test accuracy, pre-test disease risk, the patient’s discount rate, time to disease onset and the patient’s aversion to receiving bad news (loss).  Simulation results indicate that the value of knowing increases (and testing becomes more likely) when: tests are more accurate; the baseline expectation of a positive test is low and the adverse consequences of a positive test are either small or occur far in the future or patients do not worry about onset of future disease.

United States feedlot operator willingness to pay for disposal capacity to address foreign animal disease risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1951-1958
Author(s):  
Jada M. Thompson ◽  
Glynn T. Tonsor ◽  
Dustin L. Pendell ◽  
Warren Preston
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Foreign Animal Disease
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