Economic consequences of workplace injuries in the United States: Findings from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79)

Adolescent depressive symptoms are risk factors for lower education and unemployment in early adulthood. This study examines how the course of symptoms from ages 16–25 influences early adult education and employment in Canada and the USA. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (n = 2348) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 Child/Young Adult (n = 3961), four trajectories (low-stable; increasing; decreasing; and increasing then decreasing, i.e., mid-peak) were linked to five outcomes (working with a post-secondary degree; a high school degree; no degree; in school; and NEET, i.e., not in employment, education, or training). In both countries, increasing, decreasing, and mid-peak trajectories were associated with higher odds of working with low educational credentials, and/or NEET relative to low-stable trajectories. In Canada, however, all trajectories had a higher predicted probability of either being in school or working with a post-secondary degree than the other outcomes; in the USA, all trajectory groups were most likely to be working with a high school degree. Higher depressive symptom levels at various points between adolescent and adulthood are associated with working with low education and NEET in Canada and the USA, but Canadians are more likely to have better education and employment outcomes.

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Predicting the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States Using Graph Theory-Based Neural Networks

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073834 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3834

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Davahli ◽

Krzysztof Fiok ◽

Waldemar Karwowski ◽

Awad M. Aljuaid ◽

Redha Taiar

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Neural Networks ◽

Graph Theory ◽

Predictive Model ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

The United States ◽

Graphical Analysis ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Current Status ◽

The Usa

The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented social and economic consequences in the United States. Therefore, accurately predicting the dynamics of the pandemic can be very beneficial. Two main elements required for developing reliable predictions include: (1) a predictive model and (2) an indicator of the current condition and status of the pandemic. As a pandemic indicator, we used the effective reproduction number (Rt), which is defined as the number of new infections transmitted by a single contagious individual in a population that may no longer be fully susceptible. To bring the pandemic under control, Rt must be less than one. To eliminate the pandemic, Rt should be close to zero. Therefore, this value may serve as a strong indicator of the current status of the pandemic. For a predictive model, we used graph neural networks (GNNs), a method that combines graphical analysis with the structure of neural networks. We developed two types of GNN models, including: (1) graph-theory-based neural networks (GTNN) and (2) neighborhood-based neural networks (NGNN). The nodes in both graphs indicated individual states in the US states. While the GTNN model’s edges document functional connectivity between states, those in the NGNN model link neighboring states to one another. We trained both models with Rt numbers collected over the previous four days and asked them to predict the following day for all states in the USA. The performance of these models was evaluated with the datasets that included Rt values reflecting conditions from 22 January through 26 November 2020 (before the start of COVID-19 vaccination in the USA). To determine the efficiency, we compared the results of two models with each other and with those generated by a baseline Long short-term memory (LSTM) model. The results indicated that the GTNN model outperformed both the NGNN and LSTM models for predicting Rt.

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Economic Impact from Unrestricted Spread of Potato Cyst Nematodes in Australia

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-99-12-1387 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 99 (12) ◽

pp. 1387-1393 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M. Hodda ◽

D. C. Cook

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Annual Cost ◽

The United States ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Model Predictions ◽

Alternative Responses

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) (Globodera spp.) are quarantine pests with serious potential economic consequences. Recent new detections in Australia, Canada, and the United States have focussed attention on the consequences of spread and economic justifications for alternative responses. Here, a full assessment of the economic impact of PCN spread from a small initial incursion is presented. Models linking spread, population growth, and economic impact are combined to estimate costs of spread without restriction in Australia. Because the characteristics of the Australian PCN populations are currently unknown, the known ranges of parameters were used to obtain cost scenarios, an approach which makes the model predictions applicable generally. Our analysis indicates that mean annual costs associated with spread of PCN would increase rapidly initially, associated with increased testing. Costs would then increase more slowly to peak at over AUD$20 million per year ≈10 years into the future. Afterward, this annual cost would decrease slightly due to discounting factors. Mean annual costs over 20 years were $18.7 million, with a 90% confidence interval between AUD$11.9 million and AUD$27.0 million. Thus, cumulative losses to Australian agriculture over 20 years may exceed $370 million without action to prevent spread of PCN and entry to new areas.

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Economic Consequences of Divorce in the United States: Recent Developments

Family Law in Britain and America in the New Century ◽

10.1163/9789004304925_005 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 55-66

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Recent Developments

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Parental divorce homogamy and its effect on separation from cohabitation and marriage

10.31235/osf.io/p6rea ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sanna Kailaheimo-Lönnqvist ◽

Anette Fasang ◽

Marika Jalovaara ◽

Emanuela Struffolino

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Family Formation ◽

Parental Divorce ◽

The United States ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Event History ◽

Formation Processes ◽

Wide Spread ◽

Multiplicative Effect ◽

Divorce Risk

Numerous studies have shown that parental divorce increases children’s divorce risk. Weextend this literature by assessing how parental divorce on both sides of a (potential) coupleaffects their partnering dynamics. Specifically, we explore 1) whether there is parental divorcehomogamy and whether the parental divorce of both partners adds to the dissolution of both 2)cohabiting and 3) married unions. Our analyses use event history models on high-qualityFinnish Census Panel data covering 28,021 cohabiting and marital partnerships between ages18 and 45. We found substantial parental divorce homogamy in that children who experiencedparental divorce are 13% more likely to cohabit with and 17% more likely to marry a fellowchild of divorce. Moreover, contrary to evidence from the United States and Norway, ourfindings for Finland support an additive, not a multiplicative, effect. Here, both partners’parental divorce increases their offspring’s dissolution risk by 20% for cohabitation and 70%for marriage compared to couples where neither of their parents are divorced. We conclude thatparental divorce on both sides of a couple affects family formation processes at multiple stages.In Finland, these effects are notably less than previously found in the United States. This islikely because cohabitation and separation are wide-spread and socially accepted in Finlandand an expansive welfare state buffers the socio-economic consequences of divorce.

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Turkish-US talks may limit Armenian genocide damage

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db261139 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Armenian Genocide ◽

Content Type ◽

The Government

Significance Erdogan adopted a relatively conciliatory tone and stopped short of declaring retaliatory measures, for fear of the economic consequences in particular, despite the fact that most Turks see Biden’s move as an insult and an attack on Turkish dignity. Impacts Ankara’s options for retaliation are limited but could include reduced military coordination with Washington in Syria and Iraq. Turkey could ask non-NATO US forces to leave, but closing the Incirlik air and Kurecik radar bases would hurt relations with NATO. The issue could be used internally to rally Turkish nationalist anger with the United States in support of the government.

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Non–violence-related Workplace Injuries Among Emergency Nurses in the United States: Implications for Improving Safe Practice, Safe Care

Journal of Emergency Nursing ◽

10.1016/j.jen.2011.06.005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 541-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Cydne Perhats ◽

Vicki Keough ◽

Jeanne Fogarty ◽

Nancy L. Hughes ◽

Carol J. Kappelman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Workplace Injuries ◽

Emergency Nurses ◽

Safe Practice ◽

Safe Care

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Unionization among Racial and Ethnic Minorities

ILR Review ◽

10.1177/001979399304600205 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 284-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Gregory Defreitas

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Common Belief ◽

Age Group ◽

Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽

Union Coverage ◽

Using Data ◽

White Workers

Using data on 23–30-year-olds from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the author presents the first comparative economic analysis of union coverage among black, Hispanic, Asian, and white workers in the United States. Coverage is found to be highest in this age group for blacks, followed by Hispanics, non-Hispanic whites, and Asians. Contrary to common belief, immigrants average higher rates of unionization than natives. Once the regression analysis takes into account the larger proportions of urban, immigrant, and less-educated workers in the Hispanic sample, the differences in demand for unionization among comparable whites, Asians, and Hispanics fall to insignificance. Blacks tend to exhibit a markedly stronger demand for representation than comparable workers from other groups.

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