scholarly journals Genetic research on stored tissue samples from minors: A systematic review of the ethical literature

2009 ◽  
Vol 149A (10) ◽  
pp. 2346-2358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristien Hens ◽  
Herman Nys ◽  
Jean-Jacques Cassiman ◽  
Kris Dierickx
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Tissue Samples

scholarly journals Transcriptomic resources for prairie grass (Bromus catharticus): expressed transcripts, tissue-specific genes, and identification and validation of EST-SSR markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Sun ◽  
Zhixiao Dong ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Wendan Wu ◽  
Chenglin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
The Future ◽  
Genomic Resource

Abstract Background Prairie grass (Bromus catharticus) is a typical cool-season forage crop with high biomass production and fast growth rate during winter and spring. However, its genetic research and breeding has remained stagnant due to limited available genomic resources. The aim of this study was to generate large-scale genomic data using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, and perform a preliminary validation of EST-SSR markers of B. catharticus. Results Eleven tissue samples including seeds, leaves, and stems were collected from a new high-yield strain of prairie grass BCS1103. A total of 257,773 unigenes were obtained, of which 193,082 (74.90%) were annotated. Comparison analysis between tissues identified 1803, 3030, and 1570 genes specifically and highly expressed in seed, leaf, and stem, respectively. A total of 37,288 EST-SSRs were identified from unigene sequences, and more than 80,000 primer pairs were designed. We synthesized 420 primer pairs and selected 52 ones with high polymorphisms to estimate genetic diversity and population structure in 24 B. catharticus accessions worldwide. Despite low diversity indicated by an average genetic distance of 0.364, the accessions from South America and Asia and wild accessions showed higher genetic diversity. Moreover, South American accessions showed a pure ancestry, while Asian accessions demonstrated mixed internal relationships, which indicated a different probability of gene flow. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the studied accessions into four clades, being consistent with phenotypic clustering results. Finally, Mantel analysis suggested the total phenotypic variation was mostly contributed by genetic component. Stem diameter, plant height, leaf width, and biomass yield were significantly correlated with genetic data (r > 0.6, P < 0.001), and might be used in the future selection and breeding. Conclusion A genomic resource was generated that could benefit genetic and taxonomic studies, as well as molecular breeding for B. catharticus and its relatives in the future.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic Concordance of Whole Slide Imaging and Light Microscopy: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Goacher ◽  
Rebecca Randell ◽  
Bethany Williams ◽  
Darren Treanor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Whole Slide Imaging ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diagnostic Concordance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Context.—Light microscopy (LM) is considered the reference standard for diagnosis in pathology. Whole slide imaging (WSI) generates digital images of cellular and tissue samples and offers multiple advantages compared with LM. Currently, WSI is not widely used for primary diagnosis. The lack of evidence regarding concordance between diagnoses rendered by WSI and LM is a significant barrier to both regulatory approval and uptake. Objective.—To examine the published literature on the concordance of pathologic diagnoses rendered by WSI compared with those rendered by LM. Data Sources.—We conducted a systematic review of studies assessing the concordance of pathologic diagnoses rendered by WSI and LM. Studies were identified following a systematic search of Medline (Medline Industries, Mundelein, Illinois), Medline in progress (Medline Industries), EMBASE (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and the Cochrane Library (Wiley, London, England), between 1999 and March 2015. Conclusions.—Thirty-eight studies were included in the review. The mean diagnostic concordance of WSI and LM, weighted by the number of cases per study, was 92.4%. The weighted mean κ coefficient between WSI and LM was 0.75, signifying substantial agreement. Of the 30 studies quoting percentage concordance, 18 (60%) showed a concordance of 90% or greater, of which 10 (33%) showed a concordance of 95% or greater. This review found evidence to support a high level of diagnostic concordance. However, there were few studies, many were small, and they varied in quality, suggesting that further validation studies are still needed.

Informed consent for genetic research on stored tissue samples

JAMA ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 274 (22) ◽  
pp. 1786-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Tissue Samples

Ethical Use of Tissue Samples in Genetic Research

2003 ◽  
Vol 168 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Azarow ◽  
Francis L. Olmstead ◽  
Roderick F. Hume ◽  
Jerome Myers ◽  
Bryon C. Calhoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Tissue Samples

Incidental findings in genetic research and clinical diagnostic tests: A systematic review

2012 ◽  
Vol 158A (12) ◽  
pp. 3159-3167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Jackson ◽  
Lesley Goldsmith ◽  
Anita O'Connor ◽  
Heather Skirton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic

scholarly journals An exploratory survey of professionals on the use of stored tissue samples from minors for genetic research

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 973-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hens ◽  
J. Snoeck ◽  
H. Nys ◽  
J.-J. Cassiman ◽  
K. Dierickx
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Exploratory Survey

scholarly journals Contact Sports as a Risk Factor for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronen Blecher ◽  
Michael A. Elliott ◽  
Emre Yilmaz ◽  
Joseph R. Dettori ◽  
Rod J. Oskouian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Spinal Trauma ◽  
American Football ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Study Design: Systematic review. Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, ultimately resulting in paralysis and death. The condition is considered to be caused by a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Although vast genetic research has deciphered many of the molecular factors in ALS pathogenesis, the environmental factors have remained largely unknown. Recent evidence suggests that participation in certain types of sporting activities are associated with increased risk for ALS. Objective: To test the hypothesis that competitive sports at the highest level that involve repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma result in an increased risk of ALS compared with the general population or nonsport controls. Methods: Electronic databases from inception to November 22, 2017 and reference lists of key articles were searched to identify studies meeting inclusion criteria. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Sports assessed (professional or nonprofessional) included soccer (n = 5), American football (n = 2), basketball (n = 1), cycling (n = 1), marathon or triathlon (n = 1), skating (n = 1), and general sports not specified (n = 11). Soccer and American football were considered sports involving repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma. Professional sports prone to repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma were associated with substantially greater effects (pooled rate ratio [RR] 8.52, 95% CI 5.18-14.0) compared with ( a) nonprofessional sports prone to repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma (pooled RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.12-3.06); ( b) professional sports not prone to repetitive head and neck trauma (pooled RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.67-2.71); or ( c) nonprofessional sports not prone to repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma (pooled RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.79-1.71). Conclusions: Our review suggests that increased susceptibility to ALS is significantly and independently associated with 2 factors: professional sports and sports prone to repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma. Their combination resulted in an additive effect, further increasing this association to ALS.

Transcriptomic resources for prairie grass (Bromus catharticus): expressed transcripts, tissue-specific genes, and identification and validation of EST-SSR markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Sun ◽  
Zhixiao Dong ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Wendan Wu ◽  
Chenglin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
The Future ◽  
Genomic Resource

Abstract Background: Prairie grass (Bromus catharticus) is a typical cool-season forage crop with high biomass production and fast growth rate during winter and spring. However, its genetic research and breeding has remained stagnant due to limited available genomic resources. The aim of this study was to generate large-scale genomic data using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, and perform a preliminary validation of EST-SSR markers of B. catharticus.Results: Eleven tissue samples including seeds, leaves, and stems were collected from a new high-yield strain of prairie grass BCS1103. A total of 257,773 unigenes were obtained, of which 193,082 (74.90%) were annotated. Comparison analysis between tissues identified 1803, 3030, and 1570 genes specifically expressed in the seed, leaf, and stem, respectively. A total of 37,288 EST-SSRs were identified from unigene sequences, and more than 80,000 primer pairs were designed. We synthesized 420 primer pairs and selected 52 ones with high polymorphisms to estimate genetic diversity and population structure in 24 B. catharticus accessions worldwide. Despite low diversity indicated by an average genetic distance of 0.358, the accessions from South America and Asia and wild accessions showed higher genetic diversity. Moreover, South American accessions showed a pure ancestry, but Asian accessions demonstrated mixed relationships, which indicated a different probability of gene flow among the two regions. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the studied accessions into four clades. Finally, phenotypic clustering and Mantel analysis suggested the total phenotypic variation was mostly contributed by the genetic component. Stem diameter, plant height, leaf width, and biomass yield significantly correlated with genetic data (r > 0.6, P < 0.001), and might be genetically stable in the future selection and breeding.Conclusion: A genomic resource was generated that could benefit genetic and taxonomic studies, as well as molecular breeding for B. catharticus and it relatives in the future.

Now what? Pre-and post-analysis preservation of ancient animal and human molecular products

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelique Corthals
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Frozen Tissue ◽  
Genomic Revolution

With the advent of the “genomic revolution” and the rapid refinement of techniques of molecular biology, academic institutions, such as museums and university collections, are at the forefront of specimen analysis. However, the lack and/or poor condition of preservation of molecular voucher generated from often fragile and rare specimens is a problem rarely addressed. To remedy this problem, the AMNH launched a frozen tissue collection, the Ambrose Monell Cryocollection (AM-CC) in May 2001. The AM-CC maintains specimens below -150 o Celsius and supports ongoing genetic research across taxa, from ancient to modern samples, by insuring that all research materials are vouchered (i.e. they point back to a specimen in a curated collection), a much-needed service that the Museum extends to the entire scientific community. Scientists using the Monell Collection have access to legally collected, authoritatively identified and properly documented specimens for use in their research, complete with Museum catalog numbers to reference in their scholarly publications. Researcher are also offered the possibility of vouchering their research by depositing the DNA or tissue samples gathered for their studies

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