Non-identical monozygotic twins, intermediate twin types, zygosity testing, and the non-random nature of monozygotic twinning: A review

AbstractOne of twins was bom with prune belly syndrome and congenital heart defect following exposure to Bendectin and Tigan. Red cell antigens and HLA typing were compatible with monozygosity. The possible associations of the prune belly syndrome to monozygotic twinning or to teratogenic agents is considered in light of this patient and review of the literature.

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Monozygotic Triplets and Dizygotic Twins following Transfer of Three Poor-Quality Cleavage Stage Embryos

Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2012/763057 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reshef Tal ◽

Dmitry Fridman ◽

Richard V. Grazi

Keyword(s):

Preterm Labor ◽

Fetal Heart ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Cleavage Stage ◽

Monozygotic Twinning ◽

Emergency Cesarean ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Selective Embryo Reduction

Background. Assisted reproductive technology has been linked to the increased incidence of monozygotic twinning. It is of clinical importance due to the increased risk of complications in multiple pregnancies in general and in monozygotic twins in particular.Case. A 29-year-old female, nulligravida underwent her first IVF cycle. Three poor-quality cleavage stage embryos were transferred resulting in monochorionic triamniotic triplets and dichorionic diamniotic twins. Selective embryo reduction was performed at 12 weeks leaving dichorionic twins. The patient underwent emergency cesarean section due to preterm labor and nonreassuring fetal heart tracing at 30 weeks of gestation.Conclusion. Our case emphasizes that even embryos with significant morphological abnormalities should be considered viable and the possibility of simultaneous spontaneous embryo splitting must be factored into determining number of embryos to transfer.

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Congenital Hydranencephaly/Porencephaly Due to Vascular Disruption in Monozygotic Twins

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.73.4.467 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 467-469

Author(s):

Jack H. Jung ◽

John M. Graham ◽

Nancy Schultz ◽

David W. Smith

Keyword(s):

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Recurrence Risk ◽

Careful Examination ◽

Monozygotic Twinning ◽

Vascular Disruption ◽

The Common ◽

Common Association

Monozygotic twinning has been associated with a variety of vascular disruptive defects including congenital hydranencephaly/porencephaly. Data involving 24 cases of congenital hydranencephaly/porencephaly associated with twinning are reported. In these cases, the finding of a preponderance of monozygotic twins and the common association of a deceased co-twin support the hypothesis of a vascular disruptive etiology. These defects are presumed to be secondary to embolic phenomena or thromboplastin release from the deceased co-twin to the survivor via the vascular interconnections of a conjoined monochorionic placenta. In all cases of hydranencephaly/porencephaly, a careful examination of the placenta and membranes for evidence of a deceased co-twin is warranted prior to providing recurrence risk counseling.

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On the Possible Cause of Monozygotic Twinning: Lessons From the 9-Banded Armadillo and From Assisted Reproduction

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1375/twin.10.2.394 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 394-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Isaac Blickstein ◽

Louis G. Keith

Keyword(s):

Assisted Reproduction ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Infertility Treatment ◽

Monozygotic Twinning ◽

Dependent Relationship ◽

Distinct Cell ◽

Different Populations ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Possible Cause ◽

Hypothetical Explanation

AbstractAvailable hypotheses proposed to explain the mechanism of zygotic splitting fail to explain why monozygotic twins are more prevalent after all methods of assisted reproduction and which structure is likely to control this phenomenon. Arguably, a small proportion of oocytes might have an inborn propensity to undergo splitting upon fertilization leading to the constant prevalence of spontaneous monozygotic conceptions among different populations. Ovarian stimulation would then predictably increase the number of available splitting-prone oocytes and consequently would increase the chance for such oocytes to develop into monozygotic twins, leading to a ‘dose’-dependent relationship between monozygosity rates and the combined effect of infertility treatment. Embryonic division into 2 distinct cell lines begins and accommodates within an intact zona pellucida that controls the process by preventing ill-timed hatching. Human fertilized oocytes are able to undergo 2 binary fissions, just as is the case for the 9-banded armadillo (the only other mammal that produces monozygotic quadruplets) and to give rise to a variety of combinations of monozygotic pregnancies. This hypothetical explanation does not negate the already existing and genetically sound hypotheses, but places them into a broader perspective that respects recent observations from modern infertility treatment.

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Quintuplet Pregnancy Following Transfer of Three Embryos. A Case Report.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-138791/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aya Naim Abusheikha ◽

Naim A. Abusheikha ◽

Aseil E. Khatib

Keyword(s):

Rare Case ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Multiple Gestation ◽

Assisted Conception ◽

Lower Segment ◽

Singleton Pregnancy ◽

Fetal Reduction ◽

Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽

Monozygotic Twinning

Abstract Background: This is a rare case of a quintuplet pregnancy of two sets of monozygotic twins (MZT) co-existing with a singleton pregnancy resulting from transfer of three cleaved embryos. This has not been reported previously in humans, and should be kept in mind when replacing multiple embryos using in vitro fertilization.Case Presentation: A 27 year old female had a successful twin livebirth after fetal reduction of unexpected quintuplet pregnancy following transfer of three embryos To ameliorate the adverse implications of multiple gestation, fetal reduction to twins by intracardiac puncture and aspiration was carried out at 11 weeks’ gestation. The patient has now delivered two healthy babies (a boy and a girl) at 35 weeks and 6 days by a lower segment caesarean section. Conclusion: Clinicians should keep in mind that patients undergoing assisted conception may develop monozygotic twinning of the embryos, which may negatively impact the pregnancy and raise an ethical and psychological dilemma for the patient.

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