scholarly journals Caspase activation and inflammation observed in the olfactory bulb of APOE4 transgenic mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (S5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed AlOtaibi ◽  
Mélissa Lessard‐Beaudoin ◽  
Laura M. Gonzales ◽  
Raphaël Chouinard‐Watkins ◽  
Melanie Plourde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Caspase Activation

scholarly journals Massive normalization of olfactory bulb output in mice with a 'monoclonal nose'

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Roland ◽  
Rebecca Jordan ◽  
Dara L Sosulski ◽  
Assunta Diodato ◽  
Izumi Fukunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Mitral Cell ◽  
Inhibitory Circuits ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Signal Normalization ◽  
Whole Cell Recordings

Perturbations in neural circuits can provide mechanistic understanding of the neural correlates of behavior. In M71 transgenic mice with a “monoclonal nose”, glomerular input patterns in the olfactory bulb are massively perturbed and olfactory behaviors are altered. To gain insights into how olfactory circuits can process such degraded inputs we characterized odor-evoked responses of olfactory bulb mitral cells and interneurons. Surprisingly, calcium imaging experiments reveal that mitral cell responses in M71 transgenic mice are largely normal, highlighting a remarkable capacity of olfactory circuits to normalize sensory input. In vivo whole cell recordings suggest that feedforward inhibition from olfactory bulb periglomerular cells can mediate this signal normalization. Together, our results identify inhibitory circuits in the olfactory bulb as a mechanistic basis for many of the behavioral phenotypes of mice with a “monoclonal nose” and highlight how substantially degraded odor input can be transformed to yield meaningful olfactory bulb output.

Olfactory deficit is associated with mitral cell dysfunction in the olfactory bulb of P301S tau transgenic mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Weiyun Li ◽  
Xuewei Wu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Mitral Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Olfactory Deficit

Neuronal gap junctions in the mouse main olfactory bulb: Morphological analyses on transgenic mice

Neuroscience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kosaka ◽  
M.R. Deans ◽  
D.L. Paul ◽  
K. Kosaka
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Main Olfactory Bulb

scholarly journals Ginsenoside Rd Attenuates Tau Phosphorylation in Olfactory Bulb, Spinal Cord, and Telencephalon by Regulating Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
Xin Tian ◽  
Ling Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3Β ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Ginsenoside Rd ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5

Objective. Ginseng is a plant of the family Acanthopanaceae. It has been used for thousands of years in China. It is known as the king of hundred herbs. It was recorded first in Shennong Baicao Jing. It has been found that ginsenoside Rd is a neuroprotective agent. This article aims to explore the protective roles of ginsenoside Rd in Alzheimer’s disease. Rd, a Chinese herb, may be a promising treatment drug for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is also reported to be related to several pathological changes, including the deposition of Aβ and tau hyperphosphorylation in AD as it decreases the deposition of tau hyperphosphorylation in APP transgenic mice. Methods. In this study, APP transgenic mice were pretreated with 10 mg/kg Rd for six months, and the effect of Rd on neuropathological deficits in the olfactory bulb, spinal cord, and telencephalon of APP transgenic mice was investigated. The phosphorylation levels of tau (S199/202, S396, S404, and Tau5) and the activities of the proteins glycogen synthase kinase 3β (Tyr216) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (P25/P35) were measured. Results. The pretreatment of Rd effectively decreased the production and deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau (S199/202, S396, and S404) protein by depressing the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β/Tyr216) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5/P25). Conclusion. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rd could improve the pathological changes of AD in the olfactory bulb, spinal cord, and telencephalon, which further demonstrated the potential therapeutic effect of Rd in early AD.

scholarly journals Grafting the Olfactory Epithelium to the Olfactory Bulb

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayaka Yagi ◽  
Richard M. Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Donor Graft ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Background Impaired olfactory function leads to a decrease in the quality of life for many patients. Surgical treatment options are limited, especially for those suffering from hyposmia or anosmia after posttraumatic injury to the olfactory nerves. Stem cells located in the olfactory epithelium (OE) have the capacity to grow new neurons, making the OE an ideal candidate for restorative tissue grafting. This study was performed to determine if strips of OE survive transplantation directly to the olfactory bulb (OB). Methods Transgenic mice, expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP), were used to obtain the donor graft tissue. Strips of OE from GFP donor mice were transplanted directly to sites in the OB and cerebral cortex (CC; control sites) of wild-type mice. Graft survival rates at 30 days were determined for transplant sites in the OB and CC. Results Strips of OE from transgenic mice survived transplantation to the OB and continued to express the GFP marker protein. The 30-day survival rate in the OB (83%, 5 of 6 grafts) was the same as in the CC (10 of 12 grafts). The morphology of the graft revealed characteristics found in normal OE. Conclusion We showed that strips of OE can be successfully grafted to both the OB and CC. Grafts of the OE, if strategically positioned on the ventral surface of the bulb and given access to the nasal cavity, could provide the basis for new surgical treatments to restore olfactory function.

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