Parallel and large‐scale antitumor investigation using stable chemical gradient and heterotypic three‐dimensional tumor coculture in a multi‐layered microfluidic device

2021 ◽  
pp. 2000655
Author(s):  
Wenming Liu ◽  
Rui Hu ◽  
Kai Han ◽  
Meilin Sun ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Gradient ◽  
Stable Chemical

Two-layer thermal convection in miscible viscous fluids

1999 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 223-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE DAVAILLE
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Convection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interfacial Instability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Viscous Layer ◽  
Stable Chemical ◽  
Large Scale Flow

The influence of a viscosity stratification on the interaction between thermal convection and a stable density discontinuity is studied, using laboratory experiments. Initially, two superposed isothermal layers of high-Prandtl-number miscible fluids are suddenly cooled from above and heated from below. By adjusting the concentrations of salt and cellulose, Rayleigh numbers between 300 and 3×107 were achieved for density contrasts between 0.45 % and 5 % and viscosity ratios between 1 and 6.4×104. Heat and mass transfer through the interface were monitored.Two-layer convection is observed but a steady state is never obtained since penetrative convection occurs. A new interfacial instability is reported, owing to the nonlinear interaction of the unstable thermal and stable chemical density gradients. As a result, the temperature condition at the interface is highly inhomogeneous, driving, on top of the classical small-scale thermal convection, a large-scale flow in each layer which produces cusps at the interface. Entrainment, driven by viscous coupling between the two layers, proceeds through those cusps. The pattern of entrainment is asymmetric: two-dimensional sheets are dragged into the more viscous layer, while three-dimensional conduits are produced in the less viscous layer. A simple entrainment model is proposed and scaling laws for the entrainment rate are derived; they explain the experimental data well.

On the semiannual formation of large scale three‐dimensional vortices at the stratopause

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence J. O'Kane ◽  
Vassili Kitsios ◽  
Mark A. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Naseer ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
Bilal Asad ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
Anton Rassõlkin
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
One Step ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

scholarly journals Development of a human neuromuscular tissue-on-a-chip model on a 24-well-plate-format compartmentalized microfluidic device

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Yamamoto ◽  
Nao Yamaoka ◽  
Yu Imaizumi ◽  
Takunori Nagashima ◽  
Taiki Furutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Model ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibers

A three-dimensional human neuromuscular tissue model that mimics the physically separated structures of motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers is presented.

scholarly journals Vibration characteristics of triple-gear-rotor system in compressed air energy storage under variable torque load

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042098705
Author(s):  
Xinran Wang ◽  
Yangli Zhu ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Dongxu Hu ◽  
Xuehui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
System Response ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Torque Load ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Two Stages

This paper focuses on the effects of the off-design operation of CAES on the dynamic characteristics of the triple-gear-rotor system. A finite element model of the system is set up with unbalanced excitations, torque load excitations, and backlash which lead to variations of tooth contact status. An experiment is carried out to verify the accuracy of the mathematical model. The results show that when the system is subjected to large-scale torque load lifting at a high rotating speed, it has two stages of relatively strong periodicity when the torque load is light, and of chaotic when the torque load is heavy, with the transition between the two states being relatively quick and violent. The analysis of the three-dimensional acceleration spectrum and the meshing force shows that the variation in the meshing state and the fluctuation of the meshing force is the basic reasons for the variation in the system response with the torque load. In addition, the three rotors in the triple-gear-rotor system studied show a strong similarity in the meshing states and meshing force fluctuations, which result in the similarity in the dynamic responses of the three rotors.

Dynamics of the three-dimensional primitive equations of large-scale atmosphere

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Chunxiang Zhao ◽  
Bo You
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Primitive Equations

scholarly journals Shell-crossing in a ΛCDM Universe

2020 ◽  
Vol 501 (1) ◽  
pp. L71-L75
Author(s):  
Cornelius Rampf ◽  
Oliver Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Random Initial Data ◽  
Recursion Relations ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
First Time ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Perturbation theory is an indispensable tool for studying the cosmic large-scale structure, and establishing its limits is therefore of utmost importance. One crucial limitation of perturbation theory is shell-crossing, which is the instance when cold-dark-matter trajectories intersect for the first time. We investigate Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) at very high orders in the vicinity of the first shell-crossing for random initial data in a realistic three-dimensional Universe. For this, we have numerically implemented the all-order recursion relations for the matter trajectories, from which the convergence of the LPT series at shell-crossing is established. Convergence studies performed at large orders reveal the nature of the convergence-limiting singularities. These singularities are not the well-known density singularities at shell-crossing but occur at later times when LPT already ceased to provide physically meaningful results.

scholarly journals Advancing Drug Discovery for Neurological Disorders Using iPSC-Derived Neural Organoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2659
Author(s):  
Gianluca Costamagna ◽  
Giacomo Pietro Comi ◽  
Stefania Corti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Complex Data Sets

In the last decade, different research groups in the academic setting have developed induced pluripotent stem cell-based protocols to generate three-dimensional, multicellular, neural organoids. Their use to model brain biology, early neural development, and human diseases has provided new insights into the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including microcephaly, autism, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the adoption of organoid technology for large-scale drug screening in the industry has been hampered by challenges with reproducibility, scalability, and translatability to human disease. Potential technical solutions to expand their use in drug discovery pipelines include Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) to create isogenic models, single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the model at a cellular level, and machine learning to analyze complex data sets. In addition, high-content imaging, automated liquid handling, and standardized assays represent other valuable tools toward this goal. Though several open issues still hamper the full implementation of the organoid technology outside academia, rapid progress in this field will help to prompt its translation toward large-scale drug screening for neurological disorders.

Symmetry-based nonperturbative micromanipulation in a three-dimensional microfluidic device

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremias Gonzalez ◽  
Bin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Three Dimensional

Large-scale, three-dimensional tissue cytometry of the human kidney: a complete and accessible pipeline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Ferkowicz ◽  
◽  
Seth Winfree ◽  
Angela R. Sabo ◽  
Malgorzata M. Kamocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Kidney
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