Large-scale, three-dimensional tissue cytometry of the human kidney: a complete and accessible pipeline

This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

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Vibration characteristics of triple-gear-rotor system in compressed air energy storage under variable torque load

Science Progress ◽

10.1177/0036850420987058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 003685042098705

Author(s):

Xinran Wang ◽

Yangli Zhu ◽

Wen Li ◽

Dongxu Hu ◽

Xuehui Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Element Model ◽

Rotor System ◽

Dynamic Responses ◽

System Response ◽

Rotating Speed ◽

Torque Load ◽

Set Up ◽

Two Stages

This paper focuses on the effects of the off-design operation of CAES on the dynamic characteristics of the triple-gear-rotor system. A finite element model of the system is set up with unbalanced excitations, torque load excitations, and backlash which lead to variations of tooth contact status. An experiment is carried out to verify the accuracy of the mathematical model. The results show that when the system is subjected to large-scale torque load lifting at a high rotating speed, it has two stages of relatively strong periodicity when the torque load is light, and of chaotic when the torque load is heavy, with the transition between the two states being relatively quick and violent. The analysis of the three-dimensional acceleration spectrum and the meshing force shows that the variation in the meshing state and the fluctuation of the meshing force is the basic reasons for the variation in the system response with the torque load. In addition, the three rotors in the triple-gear-rotor system studied show a strong similarity in the meshing states and meshing force fluctuations, which result in the similarity in the dynamic responses of the three rotors.

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Dynamics of the three-dimensional primitive equations of large-scale atmosphere

Applicable Analysis ◽

10.1080/00036811.2021.1877676 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Chunxiang Zhao ◽

Bo You

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Primitive Equations

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Shell-crossing in a ΛCDM Universe

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters ◽

10.1093/mnrasl/slaa198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 501 (1) ◽

pp. L71-L75

Author(s):

Cornelius Rampf ◽

Oliver Hahn

Keyword(s):

Dark Matter ◽

Perturbation Theory ◽

Large Scale ◽

Cold Dark Matter ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Random Initial Data ◽

Recursion Relations ◽

Indispensable Tool ◽

First Time ◽

Very High

ABSTRACT Perturbation theory is an indispensable tool for studying the cosmic large-scale structure, and establishing its limits is therefore of utmost importance. One crucial limitation of perturbation theory is shell-crossing, which is the instance when cold-dark-matter trajectories intersect for the first time. We investigate Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) at very high orders in the vicinity of the first shell-crossing for random initial data in a realistic three-dimensional Universe. For this, we have numerically implemented the all-order recursion relations for the matter trajectories, from which the convergence of the LPT series at shell-crossing is established. Convergence studies performed at large orders reveal the nature of the convergence-limiting singularities. These singularities are not the well-known density singularities at shell-crossing but occur at later times when LPT already ceased to provide physically meaningful results.

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Advancing Drug Discovery for Neurological Disorders Using iPSC-Derived Neural Organoids

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052659 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2659

Author(s):

Gianluca Costamagna ◽

Giacomo Pietro Comi ◽

Stefania Corti

Keyword(s):

Drug Discovery ◽

Drug Screening ◽

Neural Development ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Large Scale ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Complex Data ◽

Complex Data Sets

In the last decade, different research groups in the academic setting have developed induced pluripotent stem cell-based protocols to generate three-dimensional, multicellular, neural organoids. Their use to model brain biology, early neural development, and human diseases has provided new insights into the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including microcephaly, autism, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the adoption of organoid technology for large-scale drug screening in the industry has been hampered by challenges with reproducibility, scalability, and translatability to human disease. Potential technical solutions to expand their use in drug discovery pipelines include Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) to create isogenic models, single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the model at a cellular level, and machine learning to analyze complex data sets. In addition, high-content imaging, automated liquid handling, and standardized assays represent other valuable tools toward this goal. Though several open issues still hamper the full implementation of the organoid technology outside academia, rapid progress in this field will help to prompt its translation toward large-scale drug screening for neurological disorders.

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Prevention of Mountain Disasters and Maintenance of Residential Area through Real-Time Terrain Rendering

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2950

Author(s):

Su-Kyung Sung ◽

Eun-Seok Lee ◽

Byeong-Seok Shin

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Graphics Processing Units ◽

High Speed ◽

Large Scale ◽

Civil Engineering ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Sampled Data ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Terrain Rendering ◽

Mountain Disasters

Climate change increases the frequency of localized heavy rains and typhoons. As a result, mountain disasters, such as landslides and earthworks, continue to occur, causing damage to roads and residential areas downstream. Moreover, large-scale civil engineering works, including dam construction, cause rapid changes in the terrain, which harm the stability of residential areas. Disasters, such as landslides and earthenware, occur extensively, and there are limitations in the field of investigation; thus, there are many studies being conducted to model terrain geometrically and to observe changes in terrain according to external factors. However, conventional topography methods are expressed in a way that can only be interpreted by people with specialized knowledge. Therefore, there is a lack of consideration for three-dimensional visualization that helps non-experts understand. We need a way to express changes in terrain in real time and to make it intuitive for non-experts to understand. In conventional height-based terrain modeling and simulation, there is a problem in which some of the sampled data are irregularly distorted and do not show the exact terrain shape. The proposed method utilizes a hierarchical vertex cohesion map to correct inaccurately modeled terrain caused by uniform height sampling, and to compensate for geometric errors using Hausdorff distances, while not considering only the elevation difference of the terrain. The mesh reconstruction, which triangulates the three-vertex placed at each location and makes it the smallest unit of 3D model data, can be done at high speed on graphics processing units (GPUs). Our experiments confirm that it is possible to express changes in terrain accurately and quickly compared with existing methods. These functions can improve the sustainability of residential spaces by predicting the damage caused by mountainous disasters or civil engineering works around the city and make it easy for non-experts to understand.

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Large‐scale synthesis of compressible and re‐expandable three‐dimensional nanofiber matrices

Nano Select ◽

10.1002/nano.202000284 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alec McCarthy ◽

Lorenzo Saldana ◽

Daniel McGoldrick ◽

Johnson V. John ◽

Mitchell Kuss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Large Scale Synthesis

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Characterization of Polycaprolactone Nanohydroxyapatite Composites with Tunable Degradability Suitable for Indirect Printing

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13020295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 295

Author(s):

Stephanie E. Doyle ◽

Lauren Henry ◽

Ellen McGennisken ◽

Carmine Onofrillo ◽

Claudia Di Bella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Large Scale ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cell Number ◽

Compressive Modulus ◽

Degradation Rates ◽

Scaffold Materials ◽

Natural Tissue ◽

Complete Regeneration

Degradable bone implants are designed to foster the complete regeneration of natural tissue after large-scale loss trauma. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composites are promising scaffold materials with superior mechanical and osteoinductive properties compared to the single materials. However, producing three-dimensional (3D) structures with high HA content as well as tuneable degradability remains a challenge. To address this issue and create homogeneously distributed PCL-nanoHA (nHA) scaffolds with tuneable degradation rates through both PCL molecular weight and nHA concentration, we conducted a detailed characterisation and comparison of a range of PCL-nHA composites across three molecular weight PCLs (14, 45, and 80 kDa) and with nHA content up to 30% w/w. In general, the addition of nHA results in an increase of viscosity for the PCL-nHA composites but has little effect on their compressive modulus. Importantly, we observe that the addition of nHA increases the rate of degradation compared to PCL alone. We show that the 45 and 80 kDa PCL-nHA groups can be fabricated via indirect 3D printing and have homogenously distributed nHA even after fabrication. Finally, the cytocompatibility of the composite materials is evaluated for the 45 and 80 kDa groups, with the results showing no significant change in cell number compared to the control. In conclusion, our analyses unveil several features that are crucial for processing the composite material into a tissue engineered implant.

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