Population-based incidence rate of inpatient and outpatient surgical procedures in a high-income country

BackgroundCollaborations are often a cornerstone of global health research. Power dynamics can shape if and how local researchers are included in manuscripts. This article investigates how international collaborations affect the representation of local authors, overall and in first and last author positions, in African health research.MethodsWe extracted papers on ‘health’ in sub-Saharan Africa indexed in PubMed and published between 2014 and 2016. The author’s affiliation was used to classify the individual as from the country of the paper’s focus, from another African country, from Europe, from the USA/Canada or from another locale. Authors classified as from the USA/Canada were further subclassified if the author was from a top US university. In primary analyses, individuals with multiple affiliations were presumed to be from a high-income country if they contained any affiliation from a high-income country. In sensitivity analyses, these individuals were presumed to be from an African country if they contained any affiliation an African country. Differences in paper characteristics and representation of local coauthors are compared by collaborative type using χ² tests.ResultsOf the 7100 articles identified, 68.3% included collaborators from the USA, Canada, Europe and/or another African country. 54.0% of all 43 429 authors and 52.9% of 7100 first authors were from the country of the paper’s focus. Representation dropped if any collaborators were from USA, Canada or Europe with the lowest representation for collaborators from top US universities—for these papers, 41.3% of all authors and 23.0% of first authors were from country of paper’s focus. Local representation was highest with collaborators from another African country. 13.5% of all papers had no local coauthors.DiscussionIndividuals, institutions and funders from high-income countries should challenge persistent power differentials in global health research. South-South collaborations can help African researchers expand technical expertise while maintaining presence on the resulting research.

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The Impact of COVID-19 on the Delivery of Critical Health Care: Experience From a Non–High-Income Country

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1010539520963626 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 473-475

Author(s):

Thirunavukarasu Kumanan ◽

Chrishanthi Rajasooriyar ◽

Mahesan Guruparan ◽

Nadarajah Sreeharan

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

High Income ◽

Income Country ◽

High Income Country ◽

Care Experience ◽

Health Care Experience ◽

The Impact ◽

Critical Health Care

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China’s Emerging Global Middle Class

Changing Trends in China's Inequality ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190077938.003.0003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 75-108

Author(s):

Björn Gustafsson ◽

Terry Sicular ◽

Xiuna Yang

Keyword(s):

Middle Class ◽

High Income ◽

Income Country ◽

Income Growth ◽

High Income Country ◽

Urban Residents ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Small Minority ◽

Chip Data ◽

Global Middle Class

This chapter examines China’s middle class by using CHIP data for 2002, 2007, and 2013. “Middle class” is defined as having income high enough not to be regarded as poor but not so high as to be regarded as rich if living in a high-income country. Based on this definition, China’s middle class was extremely small in 2002; grew but was still less than 10 percent of the population in 2007; and by 2013 had expanded to one-fifth of China’s population, roughly 250 million people. Further analysis shows that China’s middle class is largely urban, lives in the East, and has other distinctive characteristics. Simulations reveal that past growth of China’s middle class was due to across-the-board, shared income growth rather than a redistribution of income. As of 2020 China’s middle class should double in size, constituting a majority of urban residents but still a small minority of rural residents.

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Environmental contamination in a high-income country (France) by antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes: Status and possible causes

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2021.107047 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 159 ◽

pp. 107047

Author(s):

Marisa Haenni ◽

Christophe Dagot ◽

Olivier Chesneau ◽

Delphine Bibbal ◽

Jérôme Labanowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Environmental Contamination ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

High Income ◽

Income Country ◽

High Income Country ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant

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Trends in Stroke Incidence in High-Income Countries in the 21st Century

Stroke ◽

10.1161/strokeaha.119.028484 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 1372-1380 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Linxin Li ◽

Catherine A. Scott ◽

Peter M. Rothwell ◽

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Absolute Number ◽

Population Based ◽

High Income ◽

Stroke Incidence ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Incidence Studies

Background and Purpose— Population-based studies provide the most reliable data on stroke incidence. A previous systematic review of population-based studies suggested that stroke incidence in high-income countries decreased by 42% between the 1970s and early 2000s. However, it is uncertain whether this trend of steady decline has been maintained in more recent periods. Methods— Data from OCSP (Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project; 1981–1986) and OXVASC (Oxford Vascular Study; 2002–2017) along with other published population-based stroke incidence studies that reported temporal trends of stroke incidence since 1990 in high-income countries were included. Age-standardized relative incidence rate ratios were calculated for each study and then pooled with inverse-variance weighted random-effects meta-analysis. Projection estimates were calculated for the number of incident stroke patients in the United Kingdom from year 2015 to 2045. Results— In Oxfordshire, stroke incidence fell by 32% from OCSP to OXVASC, with a similar trend before or after year 2000. With the projected aging population, if the age-specific stroke incidence continued to decrease at its current rate (6% every 5 years), there would still be a 13% increase of the number of first-ever strokes in the United Kingdom up to year 2045. Incorporating the Oxfordshire data with other 12 population-based studies, stroke incidence declined steadily between the 1990s and 2010s within each study, resulting in a 28% decline over an average period of 16.5 years (pooled incidence rate ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66–0.79]; P <0.0001). The trend was the same for men (0.69 [95% CI, 0.61–0.77]; P <0.0001) and women (0.66 [95% CI, 0.59–0.74]; P <0.0001) and remained consistent after year 2010 in OXVASC. Proportion of disabling or fatal stroke also decreased over time (early versus later period, 53.6% versus 46.1%; P =0.02). Conclusions— Stroke incidence is continuing to decline with steady rate in Oxfordshire and in other high-income settings. However, the absolute number of strokes occurring is not falling.

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