Validity of extracellular water assessment with saliva samples using plasma as the reference biological fluid

A hydrologic and water quality model is sought to establish an approach to land management decisions for a Canadian Army training base. Training areas are subjected to high levels of persistent activity creating unique land cover and land-use disturbances. Deforestation, complex road networks, off-road manoeuvres, and vehicle stream crossings are among major anthropogenic activities observed to affect these landscapes. Expanding, preserving and improving the quality of these areas to host training activities for future generations is critical to maintain operational effectiveness. Inclusive to this objective is minimizing resultant environmental degradation, principally in the form of hydrologic fluctuations, excess erosion, and sedimentation of aquatic environments. Application of the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was assessed for its ability to simulate hydrologic and water quality conditions observed in military landscapes at 5th Canadian Division Support Base (5 CDSB) Gagetown, New Brunswick. Despite some limitations, this model adequately simulated three partial years of daily watershed outflow (NSE = 0.47–0.79, R2 = 0.50–0.88) and adequately predicted suspended sediment yields during the observation periods (%d = 6–47%) for one highly disturbed sub-watershed in Gagetown. Further development of this model may help guide decisions to develop or decommission training areas, guide land management practices and prioritize select landscape mitigation efforts.

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Determination of platinum in biological material by differential pulse polarography: Analysis in urine, plasma and tissue following sample combustion

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19832903 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 2903-2908 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Viktor Vrabec ◽

Oldřich Vrána ◽

Vladimír Kleinwächter

Keyword(s):

Biological Material ◽

Biological Fluid ◽

Mercury Electrode ◽

Differential Pulse ◽

Differential Pulse Polarography ◽

Linear Calibration ◽

Catalytic Current ◽

Pulse Polarography ◽

Dropping Mercury Electrode

A method is described for determining total platinum content in urine, blood plasma and tissues of patients or experimental animals receiving cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum(II). The method is based on drying and combustion of the biological material in a muffle furnace. The product of the combustion is dissolved successively in aqua regia, hydrochloric acid and ethylenediamine. The resulting platinum-ethylenediamine complex yields a catalytic current at a dropping mercury electrode allowing to determine platinum by differential pulse polarography. Platinum levels of c. 50-1 000 ng per ml of the biological fluid or per 0.5 g of a tissue can readily be analyzed with a linear calibration.

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Hydrologic evaluation and effects of climate change on the Nong Han Lake Basin, northeastern Thailand

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2019.040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 992-1000

Author(s):

Jirawat Supakosol ◽

Kowit Boonrawd

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Swat Model ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Lake Basin ◽

Model Soil ◽

Regional Climates ◽

Water Assessment ◽

Effective Water ◽

Northeastern Thailand

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the future runoff into the Nong Han Lake under the effects of climate change. The hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been selected for this study. The calibration and validation were performed by comparing the simulated and observed runoff from gauging station KH90 for the period 2001–2003 and 2004–2005, respectively. Future climate projections were generated by Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) under the A2 and B2 scenarios. The SWAT model yielded good results in comparison to the baseline; moreover, the results of the PRECIS model showed that both precipitations and temperatures increased. Consequently, the amount of runoff calculated by SWAT under the A2 and B2 scenarios was higher than that for the baseline. In addition, the amount of runoff calculated considering the A2 scenario was higher than that considering the B2 scenario, due to higher average annual precipitations in the former case. The methodology and results of this study constitute key information for stakeholders, especially for the development of effective water management systems in the lake, such as designing a rule curve to cope with any future incidents.

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Temperature effect in physicochemical and bioactive behavior of biogenic hydroxyapatite obtained from porcine bones

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89776-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

P. A. Forero-Sossa ◽

J. D. Salazar-Martínez ◽

A. L. Giraldo-Betancur ◽

B. Segura-Giraldo ◽

E. Restrepo-Parra

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Biological Fluid ◽

Treatment Temperature ◽

Mineral Phase ◽

Calcination Temperatures ◽

Bioactive Properties ◽

Temperature Ranges ◽

Compositional Changes ◽

Type Substitution ◽

Biogenic Hydroxyapatite

AbstractBiogenic hydroxyapatite (BHAp) is a widely used material in the biomedical area due to its similarities with the bone tissue mineral phase. Several works have been spotlighted on the thermal behavior of bone. However, little research has focused on determining the influence of calcination temperature in the physicochemical and bioactive properties of BHAp. In this work, a study of the physicochemical properties’ changes and bioactive response of BHAp produced from porcine femur bones using calcination temperatures between 900 to 1200 °C was conducted. The samples’ structural, morphological, and compositional changes were determined using XRD, SEM, and FTIR techniques. XRD results identified three temperature ranges, in which there are structural changes in BHAp samples and the presence of additional phases. Moreover, FTIR results corroborated that B-type substitution is promoted by increasing the heat treatment temperature. Likewise, samples were immersed in a simulated biological fluid (SBF), following the methodology described by Kokubo and using ISO 23317:2014 standard, for 3 and 7 days. FTIR and SEM results determined that the highest reaction velocity was reached for samples above 1000 °C, due to intensity increasing of phosphate and carbonate bands and bone-like apatite morphologies, compared to other temperatures evaluated.

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SWAT Model Adaptability to a Small Mountainous Forested Watershed in Central Romania

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12070860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 860

Author(s):

Nicu Constantin Tudose ◽

Mirabela Marin ◽

Sorin Cheval ◽

Cezar Ungurean ◽

Serban Octavian Davidescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Hydrological Model ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Swat Model ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Forested Watershed ◽

Sensitive Parameters ◽

Lower Uncertainty ◽

Validation Stage ◽

Water Assessment

This study aims to build and test the adaptability and reliability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool hydrological model in a small mountain forested watershed. This ungauged watershed covers 184 km2 and supplies 90% of blue water for the Brașov metropolitan area, the second largest metropolitan area of Romania. After building a custom database at the forest management compartment level, the SWAT model was run. Further, using the SWAT-CUP software under the SUFI2 algorithm, we identified the most sensitive parameters required in the calibration and validation stage. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis revealed that the surface runoff is mainly influenced by soil, groundwater and vegetation condition parameters. The calibration was carried out for 2001‒2010, while the 1996‒1999 period was used for model validation. Both procedures have indicated satisfactory performance and a lower uncertainty of model results in replicating river discharge compared with observed discharge. This research demonstrates that the SWAT model can be applied in small ungauged watersheds after an appropriate parameterisation of its databases. Furthermore, this tool is appropriate to support decision-makers in conceiving sustainable watershed management. It also guides prioritising the most suitable measures to increase the river basin resilience and ensure the water demand under climate change.

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Assembling Surface Linker Chemistry with Minimization of Non-Specific Adsorption on Biosensor Materials

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14020472 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 472

Author(s):

Jack Chih-Chieh Sheng ◽

Brian De La Franier ◽

Michael Thompson

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Biological Fluid ◽

Sensor Technology ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Surface Attachment ◽

Self Assembling ◽

Materials Used ◽

Aqueous Conditions ◽

Acoustic Wave Device ◽

Wave Device

The operation of biosensors requires surfaces that are both highly specific towards the target analyte and that are minimally subject to fouling by species present in a biological fluid. In this work, we further examined the thiosulfonate-based linker in order to construct robust and durable self-assembling monolayers (SAMs) onto hydroxylated surfaces such as silica. These SAMs are capable of the chemoselective immobilization of thiol-containing probes (for analytes) under aqueous conditions in a single, straightforward, reliable, and coupling-free manner. The efficacy of the method was assessed through implementation as a biosensing interface for an ultra-high frequency acoustic wave device dedicated to the detection of avidin via attached biotin. Fouling was assessed via introduction of interfering bovine serum albumin (BSA), IgG antibody, or goat serum. Improvements were investigated systematically through the incorporation of an oligoethylene glycol backbone employed together with a self-assembling diluent without a functional distal group. This work demonstrates that the incorporation of a diluent of relatively short length is crucial for the reduction of fouling. Included in this work is a comparison of the surface attachment of the linker to Si3N4 and AlN, both materials used in sensor technology.

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