A Soluble Base for the Copper-Catalyzed Imidazole N-Arylations with Aryl Halides.

Ambidentate ligand pyridyldiketones were used in combination with copper to catalyze maintain of aryl halides under very mild temperatures. This novel catalytic system allow efficient coupling in one of the smoothest conditions ever reported in literature.

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Carbon-Heteroatom Cross-Coupling via an Electronically Excited Nickel (II) Complex

10.26434/chemrxiv.9736049.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Randolph Escobar ◽

Jeffrey Johannes

Keyword(s):

Energy Transfer ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Cross Coupling ◽

Reductive Elimination ◽

Aryl Halides ◽

Coupling Reactions ◽

General Methodology ◽

Cross Coupling Reactions ◽

Electronically Excited ◽

Energy Transfer Pathway

<div>While carbon-heteroatom cross coupling reactions have been extensively studied, many methods are specific and</div><div>limited to a set of substrates or functional groups. Reported here is a method that allows for C-O, C-N and C-S cross coupling reactions under one general methodology. We propose that an energy transfer pathway, in which an iridium photosensitizer produces an excited nickel (II) complex, is responsible for the key reductive elimination step that couples aryl halides to 1° and 2° alcohols, anilines, thiophenols, carbamates and sulfonamides.</div>

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REVIEW : KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN DAYA IRITASI MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum) DALAM BEBERAPA TIPE BASIS SEBAGAI ANTI-INFLAMASI

Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan ◽

10.36387/jiis.v5i2.527 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 364-375

Author(s):

Amraini Amelia ◽

◽

Nining Sugihartini ◽

Hari Susanti ◽

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Research Method ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Absorption Properties ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Clove Essential Oil ◽

Soluble Base ◽

Essential Oil Formulations

This review aims to determine the types of bases that can be used every day, which are effective and efficient as anti-inflammatory drugs. The research method used was to review the development of clove essential oil formulations that have been carried out using various concentrations of various types of bases including M / A type cream, A / M type cream, water soluble base, lotion, emulgel, hydrocarbons, hydrogels and absorbents. The recommended formulation is type M / A cream with a concentration of 5% clove flower essential oil. The types of bases studied were M / A cream, type A / M cream, water soluble base, lotion, emulgel, hydrocarbons, hydrogels and absorption properties which had good physical properties and did not irritate the skin of the test animals. This review refers to several national and international journals released in the last ten years, from 2010 to 2020.

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Chiral Mn(III) Salen Complex Immobilized on CuFe2O4@SiO2-NH2 NPs: A Cheap and Efficient Catalyst for N-arylation of Aryl Halides and Phenylboronic Acid Under Mild Conditions

Letters in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570178616666190919110639 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 857-863

Author(s):

Mohammad Ali Nasseri ◽

Seyyedeh Ameneh Alavi ◽

Milad Kazemnejadi ◽

Ali Allahresani

Keyword(s):

Phenylboronic Acid ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Aryl Halides ◽

Coupling Reactions ◽

Efficient Catalyst ◽

Aryl Chlorides ◽

Mild Conditions ◽

Cross Coupling Reactions ◽

Salen Complex ◽

Ft Ir

A convenient and efficient chiral CuFe2O4@SiO2-Mn(III) Ch.salen nanocatalyst has been developed for the C-N cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides/ phenylboronic acid with N-heterocyclic compounds in water and/or DMSO under mild conditions. The catalyst could be applied for the N-arylation of a variety of nitrogen-containing heterocycles with aryl chlorides, bromides, iodides and phenylboronic acid under mild conditions. Moderate to good yields were achieved for all substrates. The structure of catalyst was characterized using various techniques including FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, TEM and TGA. The catalyst can be simply recovered and reused for several times without significant loss of activity.

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Piperazine as an Inexpensive and Efficient Ligand for Pd-Catalyzed Homocoupling Reactions to Synthesize Bipyridines and Their Analogues

Current Organic Synthesis ◽

10.2174/1570179415666180913131905 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 173-180

Author(s):

Mingwei Chen ◽

Jinyu Hu ◽

Xiaoli Tang ◽

Qiming Zhu

Keyword(s):

Transition Metal ◽

Oxidation State ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Aryl Halides ◽

Metal Species ◽

Good Substrate ◽

Active Metal ◽

Homocoupling Reaction ◽

Catalytic Cycles ◽

Reductive Homocoupling

Aim and Objective: The synthesis of bipyridines, especially 2, 2’-bipyridines, remains challenging because the catalytic cycle can be inhibited due to coordination of bipyridine to transition metal. Thus, the development of efficient methods for the synthesis of bipyridines is highly desirable. In the present work, we presented a promising approach for preparation of bipyridines via a Pd-catalyzed reductive homocoupling reaction with simple piperazine as a ligand. Materials and Methods: Simple and inexpensive piperazine was used as a ligand for Pd-catalyzed homocoupling reaction. The combination of Pd(OAc)2 and piperazine in dimethylformamide (DMF) was observed to form an excellent catalyst and efficiently catalyzed the homocoupling of azaarenyl halides, in which DMF was used as the solvent without excess reductants although stoichiometric reductant was generally required to generate the low-oxidation-state active metal species in the catalytic cycles. </P><P> Results: In this case, good to excellent yields of bipyridines and their (hetero) aromatic analogues were obtained in the presence of 2.5 mol% of Pd(OAc)2 and 5 mol% of piperazine, using K3PO4 as a base in DMF at 140°C. Conclusion: According to the results, piperazine as an inexpensive and efficient ligand was used in the Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed homocoupling reaction of heteroaryl and aryl halides. The coupling reaction was operationally simple and displayed good substrate compatibility.

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