Effect of surfactant on the dynamics of a crude oil droplet in water column: Experimental and numerical investigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 2098-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Rao ◽  
Rupesh K. Reddy ◽  
Franz Ehrenhauser ◽  
Krishnaswamy Nandakumar ◽  
Louis J. Thibodeaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Oil Droplet

scholarly journals Impact of water salinity differential on a crude oil droplet constrained in a capillary: Pore-scale mechanisms

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 117798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifei Yan ◽  
Hamed Aslannejad ◽  
S. Majid Hassanizadeh ◽  
Amir Raoof
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Pore Scale ◽  
Oil Droplet ◽  
Capillary Pore

Numerical investigation of asphaltene fouling growth in crude oil preheat trains using multi-fluid approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 106879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Maddahian ◽  
Ashkan Torabi Farsani ◽  
Mahdi Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Numerical Investigation

Modeling Crude Oil Droplet−Sediment Aggregation in Nearshore Waters

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (17) ◽  
pp. 4627-4634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Sterling, ◽  
James S. Bonner ◽  
Cheryl A. Page ◽  
Christopher B. Fuller ◽  
Andrew N. S. Ernest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Droplet ◽  
Sediment Aggregation

How much oil is actually removed by evaporation, photo-oxidation and microbial weathering?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2017292
Author(s):  
Puspa L. Adhikari ◽  
Edward B. Overton ◽  
Martin S. Miles ◽  
Roberto L. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Direct Estimation ◽  
Actual Amount ◽  
Spilled Oil

Crude oil is a complex mixture of thousands of organic compounds including alkanes, aromatics, asphaltenes, resins and waxes. A number of physical, chemical and biological weathering processes, as well as, vertical sinking followed by burial in sediments act on oil once it is released into the marine waters. The weathering processes cause oil's initial concentration/composition to change into oil residues, and allow natural mechanisms for oxidation and conversion of reduced organic carbons in oil back to CO2 and biomass. Once the lighter compounds are gone due to weathering, and some new oxidative compounds are formed, the heavier constituents left behind as residues ultimately sink to the bottom and/or strand at the coasts. The oil and oil residues can persist much longer in soil and sediments (20–40 years) than in the water column (<6 months), and can have long-term environmental impacts. Thus, it is important to know the amount and fates of the residues produced and transported to the seafloor and/or to the coastal marshes after early oil weathering in marine water column. The understanding of likely fates and behavior of oil allows us to choose and optimize a most appropriate response option. Recent studies have considered hopane as degradation resistant, used hopane normalization to determine the loss of select oil constituents via weathering, and have concluded that a significant proportion of spilled oil quickly is removed. Such analysis, however, are based on percentage removal of GC-amenable alkanes and PAHs, and may not represent the actual amount of loss of spilled oil via weathering processes as a large fractions of the crude oils (higher alkanes, PAHs, oxidative products, asphaltenes, resins and wax) are not GC-amenable which are not accounted in GC-based analysis. In the present study, we conducted a series of laboratory weathering experiments for direct estimation of the actual amount of loss of crude oil via evaporation and biodegradation. A known amount (mass) of BP surrogate oil was mixed into the natural seawater and allowed for weathering for 30 days, simulating natural physical conditions and periodically flushing the water to prevent accumulation of biomass. At the end of the experiment, oil residues were carefully collected, solvent extracted followed by evaporation of solvent and weighing the residues left behind. The comparison of pre-post mass, and mass balance including flushed water, provides direct estimation of loss of oil via weathering. This is a work-in-progress and results will be presented during the conference.

Preliminary Assessment of the Presence of Oil in the Ecosystem at Ekofisk After the Blowout, April 22–30, 1977

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Mackie ◽  
R. Hardy ◽  
K. J. Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
High Fluorescence

The marine environment in the Ekofisk area was assayed for the presence of oil components after the blowout on Platform Bravo was brought under control. Several methods of assay were used but the results were not always strictly comparable. Relatively high fluorescence values were observed in water samples in the vicinity of the platform. However, gas–liquid chromatography of these samples indicated that although some of the hydrocarbon fractions now resembled crude oil, none had increased markedly in concentration. The presence of oil could be detected in the biota and taste panels were able to identify an oily taint at low level in some fish caught near the platform. A second survey some 2 mo after the spill indicated that little, if any, oil from the blowout remained in the water column. Key words: Ekofisk, petroleum, surface film, water, sediment, fish

scholarly journals Numerical investigation on the melting characteristics of wax for the safe and energy-efficiency transportation of crude oil pipelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10-12 ◽  
pp. 100022
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Li ◽  
Renqiang Liu ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
Xiaoyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Melting Characteristics ◽  
Oil Pipelines

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON WEATHERING IN THE SUBARCTIC MARINE ENVIRONMENT1

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Payne ◽  
Bruce E. Kirstein ◽  
G. Daniel McNabb ◽  
James L. Lambach ◽  
Celso de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Outer Continental Shelf ◽  
Weathering Processes

ABSTRACT When crude oil or petroleum products are released to the marine environment, immediate alterations in chemical and physical properties occur as a result of a variety of weathering processes. A three-year oil weathering study of Prudhoe Bay crude oil has been completed under ambient subarctic conditions at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's lower Cook Inlet field laboratory in Kasitsna Bay, Alaska. Quantitative data from outdoor wave-tank and flow-through aquaria systems were collected on seasonal and time-series measurements of compositional changes in the oil and water column due to evaporation, dissolution, and water-in-oil emulsification, as well as alterations in rheological properties of the slick. These data are used for mathematical model development and verification of computer-predicted oil weathering behavior from a variety of spill scenarios. The oil-weathering mathematical models developed in this program are based on measured physical properties data, and they generate material balances for both specific compounds and pseudo-compounds (distillation cuts) in crude oil. These models are applicable to open-ocean oil spills, spills in estuaries and lagoons where the water column is finite, and spills on land. The oil weathering processes included in the mathematical model are evaporation, dispersion of oil into the water column, dissolution, water-in-oil emulsification (mousse formation), and oil slick spreading. In most cases, very good agreement is obtained between predicted and observed weathering behavior. The material balance and weathered-oil composition predictions generated as a function of time have been very useful in providing information for contingency planning, estimating potential damage assessments and preparing environmental impact reports for outer continental shelf drilling activities.

Subsea Dispersant Injection (SSDI) - Summary Findings from a Multi-Year Research and Development Industry Initiative

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2762-2790 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Brandvik ◽  
Ø. Johansen ◽  
E.J. Davies ◽  
F. Leirvik ◽  
D.F. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Oil Droplet ◽  
Elevated Exposure ◽  
Oil Droplet Size

ABSTRACT New and novel results regarding effectiveness and use of subsea dispersant injection (SSDI) are presented in this paper. These findings are relevant for operational guidance, decision making and improvement of models of subsea releases of oil and gas. More specifically, the paper presents data from a comprehensive set of laboratory experiments to measure the initial formation of oil droplets and gas bubbles from a subsea blowout with and without SSDI. Many subsea blowout scenarios for oil and gas will form relatively large oil droplets (multiple millimeters) which rise rapidly through the water column to possibly form thick slicks on the ocean surface, potentially very near the source. On the other hand, smaller oil droplets (< 500 microns) rise more slowly and can stay suspended in the water column for days to weeks. Our laboratory studies examined the influence of different variables on the initial oil droplet size including oil release velocity, dispersant dosage, dispersant injection method, oil temperature, pressure, gas-to-oil ratio, oil type, and dispersant type. Results revealed that dispersant injection is highly effective at reducing droplet size. SSDI has, for this reason, a potential to reduce floating oil and associated volatile hydrocarbons that may threaten worker health and safety. Reduced surfacing may also reduce the amount of oil that reaches ecologically sensitive shoreline environments. Oil that disperses into the water column, as small droplets, may cause temporarily elevated exposure to marine organisms, but these droplets rapidly dilute and later naturally degrade. Dispersed oil dilutes in three dimensions rather than only the two dimensions available for surface oil, and mostly one dimension available to shoreline oil. Our data fit a modified Weber scaling algorithm that predicts initial oil droplet size for both laboratory and field scales. Predictions indicate that SSDI can reduce oil droplet sizes by an order of magnitude for field scales like those experienced in the Deep Water Horizon. In summary, this paper shows that SSDI applied to a subsea blowout is a highly efficient oil spill response tool that, under the appropriate conditions, can substantially delay oil surfacing, reduce the amount of surfacing and reduce the persistence of surface slicks by reducing oil droplet size. The net result is enhanced worker safety and health as well as reduced oil impacts on the surface and shoreline.

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