Effect of deficit irrigation on physiology and forage yield of forage sorghum, pearl millet, and corn

Sorghum–sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) provide adequate nutritive value for growing beef cattle; however, unlike pearl millet, sorghum–sudangrass produces hydrocyanic acid (which is toxic to livestock) when frosted. Forage yield, nutritive value, and weight gain of growing cattle grazing sorghum–sudangrass and pearl millet were compared during the frost-prone autumns of 2013 and 2014, at New Mexico State University’s Rex E. Kirksey Agricultural Science Center in Tucumcari, NM USA, in randomized complete block designs each year with two replicates. No differences existed between pearl millet and sorghum–sudangrass forage yield, although there was a year–forage interaction for fiber-based nutritive value components because of maturity differences across years between the forages when freeze-killed. Pearl millet allowed for extending grazing of available forage for an additional 14 and 24 d in 2013 and 2014, respectively, compared to sorghum–sudangrass during the frost-prone autumn periods. During that period, when sorghum forages produce potentially toxic levels of hydrocyanic acid, animals grazing pearl millet accumulated an additional average of 94.9 kg live-weight gain ha−1 (p < 0.001). These factors afford producers an opportunity to increase returns on the similar investments of establishing and managing warm-season annual forage crops each year, and allow more time to stockpile cool-season perennial and annual forages for winter and early spring grazing, or to reduce hay feeding.

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Leguminous Alley Cropping Improves the Production, Nutrition, and Yield of Forage Sorghum

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9100636 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 636

Author(s):

Robson da Costa Leite ◽

José Geraldo Donizetti dos Santos ◽

Rubson da Costa Leite ◽

Luciano Fernandes Sousa ◽

Guilherme Octávio de Sousa Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alley Cropping ◽

Block Design ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Crop Cultivation ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Crop Cycle ◽

Presence And Absence

This study aimed to evaluate the growth, production, and leaf contents of macronutrients, as well as the yield of forage sorghum cultivated on the alleys of Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.) and Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) in the presence and absence of mineral fertilization. The experiment was conducted in two different periods: During the 2016/2017 double crop (cultivation carried out at the end of the crop cycle) and during the 2017/2018 crop (cultivation carried out at the beginning of the crop cycle). A randomized block design, in which the first factor refers to cultivation systems (single sorghum, sorghum cultivated in Gliricidia alleys, and sorghum cultivated in Leucaena alleys) and the second factor refers to mineral fertilization (presence and absence of fertilization), in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was used. The leguminous plants were cut, and the residues were deposited in the alleys. The cultivation in alleys without mineral fertilization increased total forage biomass when compared to the single crop cultivation. Cultivation in Leucaena alleys showed a higher leaf content of nitrogen (N) when compared to the single crop, both in the presence and absence of mineral fertilization. In the double crop, sorghum cultivated in Leucaena alleys without fertilization presented a higher forage yield (up to 67%) when compared to the single crop system. However, there was no difference in yield when mineral fertilization was applied to the treatments. Overall, the alley crops were able to increase the morphological (plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), panicle diameter (PD), and panicle length (PL) and yield (leaf dry mass (LDM), stem dry mass (SDM), total green mass (TGM), and total dry mass TDM) variables of the crop, improving the productivity of forage sorghum.

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Effect of the d2 Dwarf Gene on the Forage Yield and Quality of Pearl Millet 1

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1969.00021962006100040039x ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 607-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Glen W. Burton ◽

W. G. Monson ◽

J. C. Johnson ◽

R. S. Lowrey ◽

Hollis D. Chapman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Dwarf Gene ◽

Yield And Quality

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Warm-season annual forages in forage-finishing beef systems: I. Forage yield and quality

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txz075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 911-926 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Deidre D Harmon ◽

Dennis W Hancock ◽

Robert L Stewart ◽

Jenna L Lacey ◽

Robert W Mckee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Block Design ◽

Warm Season ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Beef Production ◽

Sorghum Sudangrass ◽

Value Determination

Abstract The demand for a year-round supply of fresh, locally grown, forage-finished beef products has created a need for forage-finishing strategies during the summer months in the southeast. A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate four warm-season annual forages in a southeastern forage-finishing beef production system. Treatments were four forage species and included brown-midrib sorghum × sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor var. bicolor*bicolor var. sudanense; BMR), sorghum × sudangrass (SS), pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.; PM], or pearl millet planted with crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.; PMCG]. Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Pastures (0.81 ha, experimental unit) were assigned to one of four forage treatments, subdivided, and rotationally stocked with a variable stocking density. British-cross beef steers (n = 32; 3-yr average: 429 ± 22 kg) grazed for 70, 63, and 56 d in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Put-and-take animals were used to maintain a forage allowance of 116 kg forage dry matter /100 kg body weight. Forage mass was measured by clipping a 4.3-m2 area in triplicate on d 0 and on 14-d intervals. Hand grab samples for forage nutritive value determination and quadrat clippings for species compositions were measured on d 0 and on 34-d intervals until termination of the trial. Forage mass was lowest (P < 0.01) for PMCG at the initiation of the grazing trial, whereas BMR was greater (P < 0.01) than SS at wk 6. Total digestible nutrients in 2014 were greater for SS compared to BMR and PM at the middle harvest (P < 0.01) and BMR, PM, and PMCG at the final harvest (P < 0.01). At the middle and final harvests in both 2015 and 2016, PM and PMCG contained greater (P < 0.01) concentrations of crude protein than SS. These results suggest that BMR, SS, PM, and PMCG may all be used in southeastern forage-finishing beef production systems, as long as the producer strategically accounts for the slight growth and nutritive value differences throughout the season.

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Forage Yield and Digestibility of African Pearl Millet Landraces in Diallel with Missing Cross

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183x003600060018x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1517-1520 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B. Ouendeba ◽

W. W. Hanna ◽

G. Ejeta ◽

W. E. Nyquist ◽

J. B. Santini

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Forage Yield

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Identification and Transfer of Heterotic Chromosome Blocks for Forage Yield in Short‐Day Exotic Pearl Millet Landraces

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183x003500040046x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 1184-1187 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. W. Burton ◽

J. P. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Short Day

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Behavior of sulfentrazone in the soil as influenced by cover crop before no-till soybean planting

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2020.70 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 673-680

Author(s):

Gabrielle de Castro Macedo ◽

Caio Antonio Carbonari ◽

Edivaldo Domingues Velini ◽

Giovanna Larissa Gimenes Cotrick Gomes ◽

Ana Karollyna Alves de Matos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Crop Straw ◽

No Till

AbstractMore than 80% of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Brazil is cultivated in no-till systems, and although cover crops benefit the soil, they may reduce the amount of residual herbicides reaching the soil, thereby decreasing herbicide efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate sulfentrazone applied alone, sequentially after glyphosate, and in a tank mixture with glyphosate before planting no-till soybean. Experiments were performed in two cover crop systems: (1) pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] and (2) forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor]. The treatments tested were: glyphosate (720 g ae ha−1) at 20 d before sowing (DBS) followed by sulfentrazone (600 g ai ha−1) at 10 DBS; glyphosate + sulfentrazone (720 g ae ha−1 + 600 g ai ha−1) for cover crop desiccation at 10 DBS; and sulfentrazone alone at 10 DBS without a cover crop. The accumulation of straw was 31% greater using sorghum rather than pearl millet. In the sorghum system, the concentration of sulfentrazone at 0 to 10 cm was 57% less with sequential application and 92% less with the tank mixture compared with the treatment without cover crop straw at 1 d after application (DAA). The same occurred in the pearl millet system, where the reduction was 33% and 80% for the sequential application and tank mixture, respectively. The absence of a cover crop resulted in greater sulfentrazone concentrations in the top layer of the soil when compared with the sequential application or tank mixture. At 31 and 53 DAA, the concentration of sulfentrazone at 10 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm did not differ among treatments. Precipitation of 90 mm was enough to remove the herbicide from the cover crop straw at 31 DAA when using sequential application. An additional 90-mm precipitation was necessary to promote the same result when using the tank mixture.

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High forage yield and quality of sudan grass ( Sorghum bicolor L.) and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) cultivated in calcareous soils

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.56.2008.3.14 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 371-375

Author(s):

M. Selim

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Forage Quality ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Sudan Grass ◽

Yield And Quality

Sudan grass and pearl millet are major warm season dryland crops, primarily grown for grain production and used as a major source of dietary energy. Both crops are highly water use efficient and belong to the C 4 group of species with high photosynthetic efficiency and dry matter accumulation rates. Both sudan grass and pearl millet have good forage quality, with an adequate crude protein content; that of pearl millet (8.7%) is higher than that of sorghum (6.0%). Therefore, the present investigation was conducted in the Western Delta Region at El-Naubaria, 40 km south of Alexandria, over two successive seasons to evaluate the forage yield and quality of sudan grass and pearl millet. Field experiments were established on calcareous soils, with five fertilization treatments. The results indicate that pearl millet surpassed sudan grass in fresh (6.56 t/ha) and dry yield (2.91 t/ha), which was 8.89% and 5.26% more, respectively, than for sudan grass. As regards the forage quality, pearl millet had good digestibility and was lower in fibre than sudan grass.

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