Maternal behavior changes after immune challenge of neonates with developmental effects on adult social behavior

ABSTRACTThe noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) mediates key aspects of arousal, memory, and cognition in structured tasks, but its contribution to natural behavior remains unclear. Neuronal activity in LC is organized into sustained (‘tonic’) firing patterns reflecting global brain states and rapidly fluctuating (‘phasic’) bursts signaling discrete behaviorally significant events. LC’s broad participation in social behavior including maternal behavior is well-established, yet the temporal relationship of its activity to sensory events and behavioral decisions in this context is unknown. Here, we made electrical and optical recordings from LC in female mice during maternal interaction with pups. We find that pup retrieval stably elicits precisely timed and pervasive phasic activation of LC that can’t be attributed to sensory stimuli, motor activity, or reward. Correlation of LC activity with retrieval events shows that phasic events are most closely related to subsequent behavior. We conclude that LC likely drives goal-directed action selection during social behavior with globally-broadcast noradrenaline release.

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Sickness and the social brain: How the immune system regulates behavior across species

Brain Behavior and Evolution ◽

10.1159/000521476 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin A. Devlin ◽

Caroline J. Smith ◽

Staci D. Bilbo

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Social Behavior ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Behavior Changes ◽

Social Brain ◽

Evolutionary Origins ◽

Immune Mediators ◽

The Social ◽

Sickness Behaviors ◽

The Brain

Many instances of sickness critically involve the immune system. The immune system talks to the brain in a bi-directional loop. This discourse affords the immune system immense control, such that it can influence behavior and optimize recovery from illness. These behavioral responses to infection are called sickness behaviors and can manifest in many ways, including changes in mood, motivation, or energy. Fascinatingly, most of these changes are conserved across species, and most organisms demonstrate some form of sickness behaviors. One of the most interesting sickness behaviors, and not immediately obvious, is altered sociability. Here, we discuss how the immune system impacts social behavior, by examining the brain regions and immune mediators involved in this process. We first outline how social behavior changes in response to infection in various species. Next, we explore which brain regions control social behavior and their evolutionary origins. Finally, we describe which immune mediators establish the link between illness and social behavior, in the context of both normal development and infection. Overall, we hope to make clear the striking similarities between the mechanisms that facilitate changes in sociability in derived and ancestral vertebrate, as well as invertebrate, species.

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Infiltrasi budaya global terhadap budaya lokal pesta Baratan dalam mempengaruhi pembentukan budaya kewargaan

Harmoni Sosial Jurnal Pendidikan IPS ◽

10.21831/hsjpi.v6i2.10023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 137-144

Author(s):

Amalia Zidatul Ulum ◽

Suharno Suharno

Keyword(s):

Social Behavior ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Document Analysis ◽

Phenomenological Approach ◽

Behavior Changes ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Global Culture ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Interactive Analysis ◽

Analysis Technique

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk infiltrasi budaya global dalam pesta Baratan serta pengaruhnya terhadap perubahan perilaku sosial masyarakat Jepara. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Subjek penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen dan dianalisis dengan teknik analisis interaktif model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan budaya global yang masuk melalui pesta Baratan berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan perilaku sosial yang sedang berkembang dalam masyarakat Jepara. AbstractThis study aims to determine the form of global cultural infiltration in the Baratan festival and its influence on social behavior changes in Jepara society. The study conducted with qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach. The research subjects were determined by purposive sampling technique. The research data were obtained through interviews, observations, and document analysis and were analyzed using the interactive analysis technique of the Miles and Huberman models. The results showed that the global culture that entered through the Baratan festival influenced the formation of social behavior that was developing in Jepara society.

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Oxytocin Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Lactating Dogs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3099

Author(s):

Asahi Ogi ◽

Valentina Naef ◽

Filippo Maria Santorelli ◽

Chiara Mariti ◽

Angelo Gazzano

Keyword(s):

Social Behavior ◽

Maternal Behavior ◽

Maternal Care ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Oxytocin Receptor ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Oxytocin Receptor Gene ◽

Receptor Gene Polymorphism ◽

Polymorphic Variants ◽

Evolution Of Mammals

Genetic variations in the oxytocinergic system, known to regulate social behavior throughout the evolution of mammals, are believed to account for differences in mammalian social behavior. Particularly, polymorphic variants of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene have been associated with behavioral variations in both humans and dogs. In this study, we offered evidence of the correlation between levels of salivary oxytocin (sOXT), maternal behavior and a single-nucleotide gene variant in OXTR (rs8679684) in nineteen lactating Labrador Retriever dogs. Carriers of at least one copy of the minor A allele showed higher levels of sOXT and maternal care in comparison with the homozygous T allele carriers. Considering the relevance of mother care in newborn development, these findings could help us to better understand the possible impact of variants in the OXTR gene in selecting dams.

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Higher cognition and social behavior: Changes in cognitive flexibility and empathy after cerebral lesions.

Neuropsychology ◽

10.1037/h0091764 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 175-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lynn M. Grattan ◽

Paul J. Eslinger

Keyword(s):

Social Behavior ◽

Cognitive Flexibility ◽

Behavior Changes ◽

Cerebral Lesions ◽

Higher Cognition

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Local administration of bicuculline into the ventrolateral and medial preoptic nuclei modifies sleep and maternal behavior in lactating rats

10.1101/2021.04.08.439015 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luciana Benedetto ◽

Mayda Rivas ◽

Florencia Peña ◽

Diego Serantes ◽

Annabel Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maternal Behavior ◽

Maternal Care ◽

Specific Effect ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Behavior Changes ◽

Nursing Time ◽

Gaba A ◽

Maternal Behaviors ◽

Sleep Drive ◽

Light Sleep

AbstractThe preoptic area (POA) is a brain structure classically involved in a wide variety of animal behavior including sleep and maternal care. In the current study, we evaluate the specific effect of disinhibition of two specific regions of the POA, the medial POA nucleus (mPOA) and the ventrolateral POA area (VLPO) on sleep and maternal behavior in lactating rats. For this purpose, mother rats on postpartum day 1 (PPD1) were implanted for polysomnographic recordings and with bilateral cannulae either in the mPOA or in the VLPO. The rats were tested for sleep and maternal behavior on PPD4-8 after the infusion of the GABA-A antagonist, bicuculline (0, 10 or 30 ng/0.2 µl/side). Infusion of bicuculline into the mPOA augmented retrieving and nest building behaviors and reduced both nursing and milk ejections but had almost no effect on sleep. When bicuculine was microinjected into the VLPO, the rats significantly increase the number of retrievings and mouthings and reduced the nursing time without changes in milk ejections, which was associated with an increase in wakefulness and a reduction in light sleep.Our results show that disinhibition of the mPOA, a key area in the control of maternal behavior, increased active maternal behaviors and reduced nursing without affecting wakefulness or sleep time. In contrast, the enhancement of some active maternal behaviors when the drug was infused into the VLPO, a sleep-promoting area, with a concomitant increase in wakefulness suggests that mother rats devote this additional waking time in the active maternal care of the pups. We hypothesize that maternal behavior changes after bicuculine microinjection into the VLPO is caused by a reduction in the sleep drive, rather than a direct effect on maternal behavior.

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