scholarly journals Local administration of bicuculline into the ventrolateral and medial preoptic nuclei modifies sleep and maternal behavior in lactating rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Benedetto ◽  
Mayda Rivas ◽  
Florencia Peña ◽  
Diego Serantes ◽  
Annabel Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Nursing Time ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Maternal Behaviors ◽  
Sleep Drive ◽  
Light Sleep

AbstractThe preoptic area (POA) is a brain structure classically involved in a wide variety of animal behavior including sleep and maternal care. In the current study, we evaluate the specific effect of disinhibition of two specific regions of the POA, the medial POA nucleus (mPOA) and the ventrolateral POA area (VLPO) on sleep and maternal behavior in lactating rats. For this purpose, mother rats on postpartum day 1 (PPD1) were implanted for polysomnographic recordings and with bilateral cannulae either in the mPOA or in the VLPO. The rats were tested for sleep and maternal behavior on PPD4-8 after the infusion of the GABA-A antagonist, bicuculline (0, 10 or 30 ng/0.2 µl/side). Infusion of bicuculline into the mPOA augmented retrieving and nest building behaviors and reduced both nursing and milk ejections but had almost no effect on sleep. When bicuculine was microinjected into the VLPO, the rats significantly increase the number of retrievings and mouthings and reduced the nursing time without changes in milk ejections, which was associated with an increase in wakefulness and a reduction in light sleep.Our results show that disinhibition of the mPOA, a key area in the control of maternal behavior, increased active maternal behaviors and reduced nursing without affecting wakefulness or sleep time. In contrast, the enhancement of some active maternal behaviors when the drug was infused into the VLPO, a sleep-promoting area, with a concomitant increase in wakefulness suggests that mother rats devote this additional waking time in the active maternal care of the pups. We hypothesize that maternal behavior changes after bicuculine microinjection into the VLPO is caused by a reduction in the sleep drive, rather than a direct effect on maternal behavior.

Maternal Behavior in Handled and Nonhandled Mice and its Relation to Later Pup's Behavior

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Deitchman ◽  
David Kapusinski ◽  
Joel Burkholder
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Treatment Condition ◽  
Prenatal Treatment ◽  
Open Field Behavior ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Maternal Behaviors ◽  
Field Behavior

12 C31 female mice were either handled or nonhandled during 21 days of pregnancy, and the offspring fostered or cross-fostered to mothers of the same or opposite treatment condition. Maternal behaviors of Lying Alone, Lying with Pups, Grooming, Sustenance Behavior, Nesting, Locomotion, and Neonatal Grooming were recorded for the first 3 wk. postpartum. Both prenatal treatment and postnatal maternal care altered open-field behavior of the offspring at 30 days. Neonatal grooming is considered a possible mediating mechanism because of its importance for infant physiological development and later sexual behavior.

scholarly journals A Validation Study of a Commercial Wearable Device to Automatically Detect and Estimate Sleep

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Dean J. Miller ◽  
Gregory D. Roach ◽  
Michele Lastella ◽  
Aaron T. Scanlan ◽  
Clint R. Bellenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Manual Adjustment ◽  
Light Sleep

The aims of this study were to: (1) compare actigraphy (ACTICAL) and a commercially available sleep wearable (i.e., WHOOP) under two functionalities (i.e., sleep auto-detection (WHOOP-AUTO) and manual adjustment of sleep (WHOOP-MANUAL)) for two-stage categorisation of sleep (sleep or wake) against polysomnography, and; (2) compare WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL for four-stage categorisation of sleep (wake, light sleep, slow wave sleep (SWS), or rapid eye movement sleep (REM)) against polysomnography. Six healthy adults (male: n = 3; female: n = 3; age: 23.0 ± 2.2 yr) participated in the nine-night protocol. Fifty-four sleeps assessed by ACTICAL, WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL were compared to polysomnography using difference testing, Bland–Altman comparisons, and 30-s epoch-by-epoch comparisons. Compared to polysomnography, ACTICAL overestimated total sleep time (37.6 min) and underestimated wake (−37.6 min); WHOOP-AUTO underestimated SWS (−15.5 min); and WHOOP-MANUAL underestimated wake (−16.7 min). For ACTICAL, sensitivity for sleep, specificity for wake and overall agreement were 98%, 60% and 89%, respectively. For WHOOP-AUTO, sensitivity for sleep, wake, and agreement for two-stage and four-stage categorisation of sleep were 90%, 60%, 86% and 63%, respectively. For WHOOP-MANUAL, sensitivity for sleep, wake, and agreement for two-stage and four-stage categorisation of sleep were 97%, 45%, 90% and 62%, respectively. WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL have a similar sensitivity and specificity to actigraphy for two-stage categorisation of sleep and can be used as a practical alternative to polysomnography for two-stage categorisation of sleep and four-stage categorisation of sleep.

scholarly journals Prolactin-Induced Mitogenesis in the Subventricular Zone of the Maternal Brain during Early Pregnancy Is Essential for Normal Postpartum Behavioral Responses in the Mother

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (8) ◽  
pp. 3805-3814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Larsen ◽  
David R. Grattan
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Postpartum Anxiety ◽  
Maternal Behaviors ◽  
Maternal Brain ◽  
Normal Expression ◽  
Normal Increase

High prolactin during pregnancy, which is essential for normal postpartum maternal behavior, increases neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle (SVZ) of the maternal brain. Because SVZ mitogenesis generates new olfactory neurons and may contribute to perception of novel odorants, we hypothesized that the prolactin-induced increase in SVZ mitogenesis during pregnancy might be important for normal maternal interactions with pups. To investigate this hypothesis, prolactin secretion was suppressed for 3 d early in pregnancy in mice, using a carefully timed dose of bromocriptine. The bromocriptine-induced reduction in prolactin prevented the normal increase in generation of neural progenitors in the SVZ of the maternal brain. Another group of bromocriptine-treated animals were allowed to continue their pregnancy until term, and then maternal behaviors were evaluated postpartum. Low prolactin during early pregnancy, and the consequent suppression of mitogenesis in the SVZ of the maternal brain, was subsequently followed by increased postpartum anxiety and markedly impaired maternal behavior. In another group of pregnant females, injections of the mitotic inhibitor methylazoxymethanol to specifically suppress neurogenesis in the mother during early pregnancy without affecting prolactin secretion also caused postpartum anxiety and impaired maternal behavior. These data demonstrate that prolactin-induced increase in generation of neural progenitors in the SVZ of the maternal brain during early pregnancy is required for normal expression of postpartum maternal behaviors.

Light sleep and sleep time misperception – Relationship to alpha–delta sleep

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Martinez ◽  
Tiago Cataldo Breitenbach ◽  
Maria do Carmo Sfreddo Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Time ◽  
Delta Sleep ◽  
Light Sleep

scholarly journals Oxytocin Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Lactating Dogs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3099
Author(s):  
Asahi Ogi ◽  
Valentina Naef ◽  
Filippo Maria Santorelli ◽  
Chiara Mariti ◽  
Angelo Gazzano
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor Gene ◽  
Receptor Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Evolution Of Mammals

Genetic variations in the oxytocinergic system, known to regulate social behavior throughout the evolution of mammals, are believed to account for differences in mammalian social behavior. Particularly, polymorphic variants of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene have been associated with behavioral variations in both humans and dogs. In this study, we offered evidence of the correlation between levels of salivary oxytocin (sOXT), maternal behavior and a single-nucleotide gene variant in OXTR (rs8679684) in nineteen lactating Labrador Retriever dogs. Carriers of at least one copy of the minor A allele showed higher levels of sOXT and maternal care in comparison with the homozygous T allele carriers. Considering the relevance of mother care in newborn development, these findings could help us to better understand the possible impact of variants in the OXTR gene in selecting dams.

scholarly journals Maternal Care and Attachment Security in Preschool Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magaly Nóblega ◽  
Patricia Bárrig ◽  
Katherine Fourment
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Partner Relationship ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study assessed and compared the relationship between maternal sensitivity and child attachment in two groups of mother-child dyads from Lima, Peru, one group with children 4 years old and older and a second group with younger children. Fifty-six dyads participated in the study. The mothers ages ranged between 22 and 45 years (M = 33.14, SD = 5.50); 82.1% of them had higher education and 73.2% were in a partner relationship. Of the children, 53.6 were boys and 41.1% were an only child. The study used AQS and MBPQS to rate child and maternal behavior respectively. Our results show a high correlation between attachment security and maternal sensitivity in both groups, as well as specific manifestations of these variables in the context studied.

Ovarian steroids involvement in maternal care in the native Thai hen (Gallus domesticus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Yupaporn Chaiseha ◽  
Boonyarit Kamkrathok ◽  
Israel Rozenboim
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Neuroendocrine Regulation ◽  
Ovarian Steroids ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Circulating Levels

Maternal care in birds generally includes incubation, brooding and rearing behavior. The neuroendocrine regulation of such maternal behavior is not fully understood for many bird species. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether changes in the circulating levels of ovarian steroids might be associated with brooding behavior in the female native Thai chicken. Changes in the levels of ovarian steroids of rearing hens were compared with those of non-rearing ones. Plasma estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results revealed differences in circulating levels of ovarian steroids between hens rearing their chicks and those deprived of their young after hatching. The non-rearing hens had higher circulating estradiol, progesteron, and tertosterone levels than those of the rearing hens. These differences were significant during the first two weeks after hatching. The results of the present study demonstrate the inhibitory effect of brooding behavior on ovarian steroids in the native Thai chickens. Indeed, disruption of brooding behavior by removing the chicks from the hens increased circulating levels of ovarian steroids and reinitiated reproductive and egg laying activities.

Maternal care affects the development of maternal behavior in inbred mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Shoji ◽  
Katsunori Kato
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Inbred Mice

Blockade of Glutamate Receptors and Barbiturate Anesthesia 

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1329-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy T. Joo ◽  
Zhigang Xiong ◽  
John F. MacDonald ◽  
Zhengping Jia ◽  
John Roder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ampa Receptor ◽  
Ampa Receptors ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Null Mutant Mice

Background Barbiturates enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor function and also inhibit the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subtype of glutamate receptor. The relative contribution of these actions to the behavioral properties of barbiturates is not certain. Because AMPA receptor complexes that lack the GluR2 subunit are relatively insensitive to pentobarbital inhibition, GluR2 null mutant mice provide a novel tool to investigate the importance of AMPA receptor inhibition to the anesthetic effects of barbiturates. Methods GluR2 null allele (-/-), heterozygous (+/-), and wild-type (+/+) mice were injected with pentobarbital (30 and 35 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Sensitivity to anesthetics was assessed by measuring the latency to loss of righting reflex, sleep time, and the loss of corneal, pineal, and toe-pinch withdrawal reflexes. In addition, patch-clamp recordings of acutely dissociated CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons from (-/-) and (+/+) mice were undertaken to investigate the effects of barbiturates on kainate-activated AMPA receptors and GABA-activated GABA(A) receptors. Results Behavioral tests indicate that sensitivity to pentobarbital was increased in (-/-) mice. In contrast, AMPA receptors from (-/-) neurons were less sensitive to inhibition by pentobarbital (concentrations that produced 50% of the maximal inhibition [IC50], 301 vs. 51 microM), thiopental (IC50, 153 vs. 34 microM), and phenobarbital (IC50, 930 vs. 205 microM) compared with wild-type controls, respectively. In addition, the potency of kainate was greater in (-/-) neurons, whereas no differences were observed for the potentiation of GABA(A) receptors by pentobarbital. Conclusions The GluR2 null mutant mice were more sensitive to pentobarbital anesthesia despite a reduced sensitivity of GluR2-deficient AMPA receptors to barbiturate blockade. Our results indicate that the inhibition of AMPA receptors does not correlate with the anesthetic effects of barbiturates in this animal model. We postulate that the increase in the sensitivity to anesthetics results from a global suppression of excitatory neurotransmission in GluR2-deficient mice.

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