scholarly journals Landscape-scale genetic differentiation of a mycangial fungus associated with the ambrosia beetle,Xylosandrus germanus(Blandford) (Curculionidae:Scolytinae) in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 9203-9221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Ito ◽  
Hisashi Kajimura
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Xylosandrus Germanus

scholarly journals Long-Lasting Insecticide Netting for Protecting Tree Stems from Attack by Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Ranger ◽  
Christopher T. Werle ◽  
Peter B. Schultz ◽  
Karla M. Addesso ◽  
Jason B. Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Cercis Canadensis ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Junction Trees ◽  
Eastern Redbud ◽  
Wood Boring ◽  
Xylosandrus Germanus

Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are destructive wood-boring insects of horticultural trees. We evaluated long-lasting insecticide netting for protecting stems against ambrosia beetles. Container-grown eastern redbud, Cercis canadensis, trees were flood-stressed to induce ambrosia beetle attacks, and deltamethrin-treated netting was wrapped from the base of the stem vertically to the branch junction. Trees were deployed under field conditions in Ohio, Virginia, Tennessee, and Mississippi with the following treatments: (1) flooded tree; (2) flooded tree with untreated netting; (3) flooded tree with treated ‘standard mesh’ netting of 24 holes/cm2; (4) flooded tree with treated ‘fine mesh’ netting of 28 holes/cm2; and/or (5) non-flooded tree. Treated netting reduced attacks compared to untreated netting and/or unprotected trees in Mississippi in 2017, Ohio and Tennessee in 2018, and Virginia in 2017–2018. Inconsistent effects occurred in Mississippi in 2018. Fewer Anisandrus maiche, Xylosandrus germanus, and Xyleborinus saxesenii were dissected from trees deployed in Ohio protected with treated netting compared to untreated netting; trees deployed in other locations were not dissected. These results indicate long-lasting insecticide netting can provide some protection of trees from ambrosia beetle attacks.

NEW HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION, AND BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON AN IMPORTED AMBROSIA BEETLE, XYLOSANDRUS GERMANUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isolde Schneider ◽  
Maurice H. Farrier
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Taxodium Distichum ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Nyssa Aquatica ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Xylosandrus Germanus

AbstractNew hosts of an introduced Oriental ambrosia beetle were tupelo (Nyssa aquatica), swamp cypress (Taxodium distichum), and black cherry (Prunus serotina). Known distribution was extended southward into North Carolina. A partial seasonal development with simple through complex gallery systems was observed.

Origin of non-native Xylosandrus germanus, an invasive pest ambrosia beetle in Europe and North America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Dzurenko ◽  
Christopher M. Ranger ◽  
Jiri Hulcr ◽  
Juraj Galko ◽  
Peter Kaňuch
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Xylosandrus Germanus

Superinfection of five Wolbachia in the alnus ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curuculionidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kawasaki ◽  
M. Ito ◽  
K. Miura ◽  
H. Kajimura
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Genome Recombination ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Single Locus Analysis ◽  
Xylosandrus Germanus

AbstractWolbachia bacteria are among the most common endosymbionts in insects. In Wolbachia research, the Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) gene has been used as a phylogenetic tool, but relationships inferred by single-locus analysis can be unreliable because of the extensive genome recombination among Wolbachia strains. Therefore, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method for Wolbachia, which relies upon a set of five conserved genes, is recommended. In this study, we examined whether the alnus ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford), is infected with Wolbachia using wsp and MLST genes. Wolbachia was detected from all tested specimens of X. germanus (n=120) by wsp amplification. Five distinct sequences (i.e. five alleles) for wsp were found, and labeled as wXge1–5. MLST analysis and molecular phylogeny of concatenated sequences of MLST genes identified wXge3 and wXge5 as closely-related strains. The detection rate of wXge4 and wXge1 was 100% and 63.3%, respectively; wXge2, wXge3 and wXge5 were detected from less than 15% of specimens. We performed mitochondrial haplotype analyses that identified three genetic types of X. germanus, i.e. Clades A, B and C. Wsp alleles wXge1, wXge2 and wXge4 were detected in all clade A beetles; wXge2 allele was absent from Clades B and C. We concluded that (i) five wsp alleles were found from X. germanus, (ii) use of MLST genes, rather than the wsp gene, are more suited to construct Wolbachia phylogenies and (iii) wsp alleles wXge2 and wXge3/wXge5 would infect clade A and clade B/C of X. germanus, respectively.

scholarly journals Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Reference Genes in Selected Tissues of the Ambrosia Beetle Xylosandrus germanus

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Nisha Patwa ◽  
Christopher M. Ranger ◽  
Maximilian Lehenberger ◽  
Peter H. Biedermann ◽  
Michael E. Reding
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reference Gene ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Carbamoyl Phosphate ◽  
Aspartate Transcarbamylase ◽  
Xylosandrus Germanus

The fungus-farming ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) uses a pouch-like structure (i.e., mycangium) to transport spores of its nutritional fungal mutualist. Our current study sought to identify reference genes necessary for future transcriptome analyses aimed at characterizing gene expression within the mycangium. Complementary DNA was synthesized using selected tissue types from laboratory-reared and field-collected X. germanus consisting of the whole body, head + thorax, deflated or inflated mycangium + scutellum, inflated mycangium, and thorax + abdomen. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR reactions were performed using primers for 28S ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA), arginine kinase (AK), carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2-aspartate transcarbamylase-dihydroorotase (CAD), mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1), and elongation factor-1α (EF1α). Reference gene stability was analyzed using GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt, and a comprehensive final ranking by RefFinder. The gene CO1 was identified as the primary reference gene since it was generally ranked in first or second position among the tissue types containing the mycangium. Reference gene AK was identified as a secondary reference gene. In contrast, EF1α was generally ranked in the last or penultimate place. Identification of two stable reference genes will aid in normalizing the expression of target genes for subsequent gene expression studies of X. germanus’ mycangium.

The first record of two non-native ambrosia beetles in Slovenia: Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff, 1875) and Ambrosiophilus atratus (Eichhoff, 1875) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4657 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
TINE HAUPTMAN ◽  
BARBARA PIŠKUR ◽  
MASSIMO FACCOLI ◽  
BLAŽ REKANJE ◽  
ANDRAŽ MARINČ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
First Record ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Bark And Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Xylosandrus Germanus

In September 2017, during the monitoring of the non-native ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894), one specimen of an unknown ambrosia bark beetle species was collected in Slovenia. The specimen was trapped in an ethanol-baited trap located in Klavže (46° 09´ 39˝ N, 13° 48´ 7˝ E), in the western part of Slovenia. The most characteristic feature distinguishing the specimen from other known ambrosia beetle species occurring in Slovenia was the asperities that covered the entire surface of the pronotum. Based on the scientific literature concerning the non-native bark and ambrosia beetles in Europe (Kirkendall & Faccoli 2010) and illustrated identification keys (Rabaglia et al. 2006; Faccoli et al. 2009), we identified the beetle by its morphological characteristics as Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff, 1875). As a result of this find, a specific monitoring was set up in 2018 in Slovenia with the aim to improve the knowledge about occurrence and distribution of A. rubricollis in this country. 

The Storage of Ambrosia Fungus Spores by the Pitted Ambrosia Beetle, Corthylus punctatissimus Zimm. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Tergite ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Small Cavity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Xylosandrus Germanus

During the course of a study of the bionomics of the pitted ambrosia beetle, Corthylus punctatissimus Zimm., in southern Ontario in 1959, the method of overwintering fungal spores and their transmission from brood galleries to healthy plants by the beetles was determined. This process was not clearly understood with respect to any of the ambrosia beetles until recently when Francke-Grosmann (1956) described in detail the different structures, present in several species of Platypodidae and Scolytidae, used in storing fungal spores. In Scolytidae she found that the females of some Trypodendron species store spores in tube-like structures within the prothorax (invaginations of the prothoracic wall); that females of Xylosandrus germanus Bldf. and Anisandrus dispar Fabr. keep spores overwinter in shallow pouches in the intersegmental membrane between the pronotum and mesonotum; that females of Xyleborinus saxeseni Ratz. store them in a small cavity at the anterior edge of the elytra; and that females of Xyleborus pfeili Ratz. store the spores in a receptacle on the “posterior” abdominal tergite. In some species of Platypodidae she found somewhat similar structures in both males and females. In 1959 Fernando (1959) described spore storage by the shot-hole borer, Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh. He found that females store spores in sacs on either side of the head, situated anterior to the brain, and that the sacs open by ducts into the upper part of the oral cavity.

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