The Storage of Ambrosia Fungus Spores by the Pitted Ambrosia Beetle, Corthylus punctatissimus Zimm. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

During the course of a study of the bionomics of the pitted ambrosia beetle, Corthylus punctatissimus Zimm., in southern Ontario in 1959, the method of overwintering fungal spores and their transmission from brood galleries to healthy plants by the beetles was determined. This process was not clearly understood with respect to any of the ambrosia beetles until recently when Francke-Grosmann (1956) described in detail the different structures, present in several species of Platypodidae and Scolytidae, used in storing fungal spores. In Scolytidae she found that the females of some Trypodendron species store spores in tube-like structures within the prothorax (invaginations of the prothoracic wall); that females of Xylosandrus germanus Bldf. and Anisandrus dispar Fabr. keep spores overwinter in shallow pouches in the intersegmental membrane between the pronotum and mesonotum; that females of Xyleborinus saxeseni Ratz. store them in a small cavity at the anterior edge of the elytra; and that females of Xyleborus pfeili Ratz. store the spores in a receptacle on the “posterior” abdominal tergite. In some species of Platypodidae she found somewhat similar structures in both males and females. In 1959 Fernando (1959) described spore storage by the shot-hole borer, Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh. He found that females store spores in sacs on either side of the head, situated anterior to the brain, and that the sacs open by ducts into the upper part of the oral cavity.

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Long-Lasting Insecticide Netting for Protecting Tree Stems from Attack by Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11010008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Christopher M. Ranger ◽

Christopher T. Werle ◽

Peter B. Schultz ◽

Karla M. Addesso ◽

Jason B. Oliver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Conditions ◽

Ambrosia Beetle ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Cercis Canadensis ◽

Fine Mesh ◽

Junction Trees ◽

Eastern Redbud ◽

Wood Boring ◽

Xylosandrus Germanus

Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are destructive wood-boring insects of horticultural trees. We evaluated long-lasting insecticide netting for protecting stems against ambrosia beetles. Container-grown eastern redbud, Cercis canadensis, trees were flood-stressed to induce ambrosia beetle attacks, and deltamethrin-treated netting was wrapped from the base of the stem vertically to the branch junction. Trees were deployed under field conditions in Ohio, Virginia, Tennessee, and Mississippi with the following treatments: (1) flooded tree; (2) flooded tree with untreated netting; (3) flooded tree with treated ‘standard mesh’ netting of 24 holes/cm2; (4) flooded tree with treated ‘fine mesh’ netting of 28 holes/cm2; and/or (5) non-flooded tree. Treated netting reduced attacks compared to untreated netting and/or unprotected trees in Mississippi in 2017, Ohio and Tennessee in 2018, and Virginia in 2017–2018. Inconsistent effects occurred in Mississippi in 2018. Fewer Anisandrus maiche, Xylosandrus germanus, and Xyleborinus saxesenii were dissected from trees deployed in Ohio protected with treated netting compared to untreated netting; trees deployed in other locations were not dissected. These results indicate long-lasting insecticide netting can provide some protection of trees from ambrosia beetle attacks.

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The first record of two non-native ambrosia beetles in Slovenia: Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff, 1875) and Ambrosiophilus atratus (Eichhoff, 1875) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4657.2.13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4657 (2) ◽

pp. 397-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

TINE HAUPTMAN ◽

BARBARA PIŠKUR ◽

MASSIMO FACCOLI ◽

BLAŽ REKANJE ◽

ANDRAŽ MARINČ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scientific Literature ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

First Record ◽

Ambrosia Beetle ◽

Beetle Species ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Entire Surface ◽

Bark And Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Set Up ◽

Xylosandrus Germanus

In September 2017, during the monitoring of the non-native ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894), one specimen of an unknown ambrosia bark beetle species was collected in Slovenia. The specimen was trapped in an ethanol-baited trap located in Klavže (46° 09´ 39˝ N, 13° 48´ 7˝ E), in the western part of Slovenia. The most characteristic feature distinguishing the specimen from other known ambrosia beetle species occurring in Slovenia was the asperities that covered the entire surface of the pronotum. Based on the scientific literature concerning the non-native bark and ambrosia beetles in Europe (Kirkendall & Faccoli 2010) and illustrated identification keys (Rabaglia et al. 2006; Faccoli et al. 2009), we identified the beetle by its morphological characteristics as Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff, 1875). As a result of this find, a specific monitoring was set up in 2018 in Slovenia with the aim to improve the knowledge about occurrence and distribution of A. rubricollis in this country.

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Organ Developed for Storing Ambrosia Fungus by the Pitted Ambrosia Beetle, Corthylus punctatissimus Zimm. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent96111b-1 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 96 (1-2) ◽

pp. 111-111

Author(s):

R. J. Finnegan

Keyword(s):

Fungal Spores ◽

Ambrosia Beetle ◽

Inside Surface ◽

Southern Ontario

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Müllerian inhibiting substance contributes to sex-linked biases in the brain and behavior

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.0902253106 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 106 (17) ◽

pp. 7203-7208 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Pei-Yu Wang ◽

Anna Protheroe ◽

Andrew N. Clarkson ◽

Floriane Imhoff ◽

Kyoko Koishi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Neurons ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Behavioral Traits ◽

Spinal Motor Neurons ◽

Müllerian Inhibiting Substance ◽

Males And Females ◽

Brain And Behavior ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Brain ◽

Mullerian Inhibiting Substance

Many behavioral traits and most brain disorders are common to males and females but are more evident in one sex than the other. The control of these subtle sex-linked biases is largely unstudied and has been presumed to mirror that of the highly dimorphic reproductive nuclei. Sexual dimorphism in the reproductive tract is a product of Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), as well as the sex steroids. Males with a genetic deficiency in MIS signaling are sexually males, leading to the presumption that MIS is not a neural regulator. We challenge this presumption by reporting that most immature neurons in mice express the MIS-specific receptor (MISRII) and that male Mis−/− and Misrii−/− mice exhibit subtle feminization of their spinal motor neurons and of their exploratory behavior. Consequently, MIS may be a broad regulator of the subtle sex-linked biases in the nervous system.

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Sex differences in neural and behavioral signatures of cooperation revealed by fNIRS hyperscanning

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep26492 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Joseph M. Baker ◽

Ning Liu ◽

Xu Cui ◽

Pascal Vrticka ◽

Manish Saggar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Temporal Cortex ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Behavioral Signatures ◽

Computer Based ◽

Males And Females ◽

Brain And Behavior ◽

The Right ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Brain

Abstract Researchers from multiple fields have sought to understand how sex moderates human social behavior. While over 50 years of research has revealed differences in cooperation behavior of males and females, the underlying neural correlates of these sex differences have not been explained. A missing and fundamental element of this puzzle is an understanding of how the sex composition of an interacting dyad influences the brain and behavior during cooperation. Using fNIRS-based hyperscanning in 111 same- and mixed-sex dyads, we identified significant behavioral and neural sex-related differences in association with a computer-based cooperation task. Dyads containing at least one male demonstrated significantly higher behavioral performance than female/female dyads. Individual males and females showed significant activation in the right frontopolar and right inferior prefrontal cortices, although this activation was greater in females compared to males. Female/female dyad’s exhibited significant inter-brain coherence within the right temporal cortex, while significant coherence in male/male dyads occurred in the right inferior prefrontal cortex. Significant coherence was not observed in mixed-sex dyads. Finally, for same-sex dyads only, task-related inter-brain coherence was positively correlated with cooperation task performance. Our results highlight multiple important and previously undetected influences of sex on concurrent neural and behavioral signatures of cooperation.

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Multifaceted origins of sex differences in the brain

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2015.0106 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 371 (1688) ◽

pp. 20150106 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Margaret M. McCarthy

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Special Issue ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

The Past ◽

Current State ◽

Biological Variable ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Brain

Studies of sex differences in the brain range from reductionistic cell and molecular analyses in animal models to functional imaging in awake human subjects, with many other levels in between. Interpretations and conclusions about the importance of particular differences often vary with differing levels of analyses and can lead to discord and dissent. In the past two decades, the range of neurobiological, psychological and psychiatric endpoints found to differ between males and females has expanded beyond reproduction into every aspect of the healthy and diseased brain, and thereby demands our attention. A greater understanding of all aspects of neural functioning will only be achieved by incorporating sex as a biological variable. The goal of this review is to highlight the current state of the art of the discipline of sex differences research with an emphasis on the brain and to contextualize the articles appearing in the accompanying special issue.

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Sex in the brain: hormones and sex differences

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.31887/dcns.2016.18.4/jmarrocco ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 373-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Brain Regions ◽

New Era ◽

Brain Functions ◽

Opioid Sensitivity ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Brain

Contrary to popular belief, sex hormones act throughout the entire brain of both males and females via both genomic and nongenomic receptors. Many neural and behavioral functions are affected by estrogens, including mood, cognitive function, blood pressure regulation, motor coordination, pain, and opioid sensitivity. Subtle sex differences exist for many of these functions that are developmentally programmed by hormones and by not yet precisely defined genetic factors, including the mitochondrial genome. These sex differences, and responses to sex hormones in brain regions and upon functions not previously regarded as subject to such differences, indicate that we are entering a new era in our ability to understand and appreciate the diversity of gender-related behaviors and brain functions.

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Species variation in the degree of sex differences in brain and behaviour related to birdsong: adaptations and constraints

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2015.0117 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 371 (1688) ◽

pp. 20150117 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Gregory F. Ball

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Neural Circuit ◽

Species Variation ◽

Song System ◽

System A ◽

Song Control System ◽

Males And Females ◽

Song Control ◽

Area X ◽

The Brain

The song-control system, a neural circuit that controls the learning and production of birdsong, provided the first example in vertebrates of prominent macro-morphological sex differences in the brain. Forebrain nuclei HVC, robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) and area X all exhibit prominent male-biased sex differences in volume in zebra finches and canaries. Subsequent studies compared species that exhibited different degrees of a sex difference in song behaviour and revealed an overall positive correlation between male biases in song behaviour and male biases in the volume of the song nuclei. However, several exceptions have been described in which male biases in HVC and RA are observed even though song behaviour is equal or even female-biased. Other phenotypic measures exhibit lability in both sexes. In the duetting plain-tailed wren ( Pheugopedius euophrys ), males and females have auditory cells in the song system that are tuned to the joint song the two sexes produce rather than just male or female components. These findings suggest that there may be constraints on the adaptive response of the song system to ecological conditions as assessed by nucleus volume but that other critical variables regulating song can respond so that each sex can modify its song behaviour as needed.

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Maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin in relation to ectopic 2.8 associated with follicular dentigerous cyst: Combined transnasal and oral endoscopic approach, a case report

Global Dentistry ◽

10.36879/god.20.000131 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Maxillary Sinusitis ◽

Dentigerous Cyst ◽

Amorphous Material ◽

Fungal Spores ◽

Lateral Wall ◽

Healing Time ◽

Vestibular Cortex ◽

Follicular Cyst

Purpose of the study: To describe the management of orosinusal pathology by combined transnasal endoscopy and oral combined. Methods: The 54-year-old patient underwent a dental and otolaryngological evaluation for left odontogenic maxillary sinusitis in relation to plausible dental follicular cyst of ectopic element 2.8. The symptoms reported at the time of access to the hospital were nasal obstruction and nocturnal rhonchopathy. To the ENT evaluation in videorinoscopy with rigid optics, complex deviation of the nasal septum was relevated with not any evident formations or pathological secretions. While on inspection of the oral cavity the mucous membranes appeared unscathed. Alveolus of 1.6 previosuly extracted was evident. The radiological examination, facial CT, revealed the left maxillary sinus almost completely occupied by a cystic appearance, with thin calcified walls and homogeneous content that has a dental element, probably the 2.8, which fenestrates the vestibular cortex of the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. This lesion erodes the medial wall of the sinus, obliterating the ostio-meatal complex and imprinting the ipsilateral ethmoidal cells. Biohumoral tests showed normal coagulation parameters, indices of renal function, liver and ionemia. The patient under general anesthesia and oral intubation with a combined intervention of the left anterior FESS, intrasulcular flap from dental elements 2.7 to 2.3 with mesial releasing incision, moderate osteotomy, ectopic 2.8 extraction and enucleation of the cystic lesion with simultaneous closure of the orosinusal communication with advancement of the Bichat adipose bolla and closure by first intention. In the same session, the ENT moment is carried out trans nasally for total left uncinectomy, medium antrostomy with the union of the natural ostium and the accessory ostium. Bilateral lower turbinoplasty with bipolar forceps. The patient was then controlled after 15 days and six months, showing good healing and no signs of recurrence at the rhinoscopic check on the physical examination of the oral cavity. Results: based on the clinical and radiological aspect, the diagnosis of a follicular dentigerous cyst (WHO 2017) covered by a multi-layered non-keratinized paving epithelium, with moderate chronic inflammation, including gigantocellular and cholesteric crystals, is reached from the microbiological and histological examination. Necrotic amorphous material coexists including rare hyphae and fungal spores, with therefore mycotic and actinomycotic super infection. Conclusions: The combined oral and nasal intervention, allowed by the collaboration between the oral surgeon and ENT, has made it possible to shorten the healing time and to resolve the pathology without any sign of recurrence.

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NEW HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION, AND BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON AN IMPORTED AMBROSIA BEETLE, XYLOSANDRUS GERMANUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent101412-4 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 101 (4) ◽

pp. 412-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Isolde Schneider ◽

Maurice H. Farrier

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Taxodium Distichum ◽

Prunus Serotina ◽

Ambrosia Beetle ◽

Seasonal Development ◽

Black Cherry ◽

Nyssa Aquatica ◽

New Hosts ◽

Xylosandrus Germanus

AbstractNew hosts of an introduced Oriental ambrosia beetle were tupelo (Nyssa aquatica), swamp cypress (Taxodium distichum), and black cherry (Prunus serotina). Known distribution was extended southward into North Carolina. A partial seasonal development with simple through complex gallery systems was observed.

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