scholarly journals Host-parasite genotypic interactions in the honey bee: the dynamics of diversity

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 2214-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie E. F. Evison ◽  
Geraldine Fazio ◽  
Paula Chappell ◽  
Kirsten Foley ◽  
Annette B. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Host Parasite

scholarly journals Accelerated Varroa destructor population growth in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies is associated with visitation from non-natal bees

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Kulhanek ◽  
Andrew Garavito ◽  
Dennis vanEngelsdorp
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Management Implications ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
The Us ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Honey Bee Colony ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractA leading cause of managed honey bee colony mortality in the US, Varroa destructor populations typically exceed damaging levels in the fall. One explanation for rapid population increases is migration of mite carrying bees between colonies. Here, the degree to which bees from high and low mite donor colonies move between apiaries, and the effect visitation has on Varroa populations was monitored. More bees from low mite colonies (n = 37) were detected in receiver apiaries than bees from high mite colonies (n = 10, p < 0.001). Receiver colony Varroa population growth was associated with visitation by non-natal bees (p = 0.03), but not high mite bees alone (p = 0.19). Finally, colonies lacking robbing screens experienced faster Varroa population growth than screened neighbors (p = 0.01). Results indicate visiting non-natal bees may vector mites to receiver colonies. These results do not support the current two leading theories regarding mite immigration – the “mite bomb” theory (bees from high mite colonies emigrating to collapsing colonies), or the “robbing” theory (natal robbing bees return home with mites from collapsing colonies). Potential host-parasite effects to bee behavior, as well as important management implications both for Varroa treatment regimens and breeding Varroa resistant bees are discussed.

scholarly journals Genome sequencing and comparative genomics of honey bee microsporidia, Nosema apis reveal novel insights into host-parasite interactions

BMC Genomics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan ping Chen ◽  
Jeffery S Pettis ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Xinyue Liu ◽  
Luke J Tallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Host Parasite

scholarly journals Host-Parasite Co-Evolution in Real-Time: Changes in Honey Bee Resistance Mechanisms and Mite Reproductive Strategies

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Arrigo Moro ◽  
Tjeerd Blacquière ◽  
Delphine Panziera ◽  
Vincent Dietemann ◽  
Peter Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Mite Reproduction ◽  
Adaptive Shifts ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Over Time

Co-evolution is a major driving force shaping the outcome of host-parasite interactions over time. After host shifts, the lack of co-evolution can have a drastic impact on novel host populations. Nevertheless, it is known that Western honey bee (Apismellifera) populations can cope with host-shifted ectoparasitic mites (Varroa destructor) by means of natural selection. However, adaptive phenotypic traits of the parasites and temporal variations in host resistance behavior are poorly understood. Here, we show that mites made adaptive shifts in reproductive strategy when associated with resistant hosts and that host resistance traits can change over time. In a fully-crossed field experiment, worker brood cells of local adapted and non-adapted (control) A.mellifera host colonies were infested with mites originating from both types of host colonies. Then, mite reproduction as well as recapping of cells and removal of infested brood (i.e., Varroa Sensitive Hygiene, VSH) by host workers were investigated and compared to data from the same groups of host colonies three years earlier. The data suggest adaptive shifts in mite reproductive strategies, because mites from adapted hosts have higher probabilities of reproduction, but lower fecundity, when infesting their associated hosts than mites in treated colonies. The results confirm that adapted hosts can reduce mite reproductive success. However, neither recapping of cells nor VSH were significantly expressed, even though the latter was significantly expressed in this adapted population three years earlier. This suggests temporal variation in the expression of adaptive host traits. It also appears as if mechanisms not investigated here were responsible for the reduced mite reproduction in the adapted hosts. In conclusion, a holistic view including mite adaptations and studies of the same parasite/host populations over time appears overdue to finally understand the mechanisms enabling survival of V.destructor-infested honey bee host colonies.

scholarly journals Honey bee trypanosomatid parasite dynamically changes the transcriptome during the infection of honey bee and modifies the host physiology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiushi Liu ◽  
Jing Lei ◽  
Alistair C. Darby ◽  
Tatsuhiko Kadowaki
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Radical Oxygen Species ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractAlthough there are many honey bee pathogens/parasites, it is still not understood how they change their gene expression to adapt to the host environment or how the host simultaneously responds to pathogen/parasite infection by modifying its own gene expression. Such interactions must lead to changes in the physiological states of both host and parasite. To address this question, we studied a trypanosomatid, Lotmaria passim, which can be cultured in medium and inhabit the honey bee hindgut. We found that L. passim dynamically modifies the expression of mRNAs associated with protein translation and the electron transport chain to adapt to the anaerobic and nutritionally poor honey bee hindgut at early stages of infection, and to become dormant at late stages of infection. Meanwhile, several genes are continuously up- or down-regulated during infection, including GP63 as well as genes coding for host cell signaling pathway modulators (up-regulated), and those involved in detoxification of radical oxygen species as well as flagellar formation (down-regulated). L. passim infection only slightly increases honey bee mortality and does not affect the number of microorganisms in the gut microbiota; but it induces honey bee innate immune response. Upon infection, the host appears to be in poor nutritional status, indicated by the increase in the levels of mRNAs for take-out and facilitated trehalose transporter and the decrease of vitellogenin mRNA level. Simultaneous gene expression profiling of L. passim and honey bee during infection provided insight into how both parasite and host modify their gene expressions. This study presents one of the best models to understand host-parasite interactions at the molecular and cellular levels in honey bee.

scholarly journals Hot and sour: parasite adaptations to honey bee body temperature and pH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan C Palmer-Young ◽  
Thomas R Raffel ◽  
Jay D Evans
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Ph Tolerance ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Infection Resistance ◽  
Trypanosomatid Parasites ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Gut Ph

Host temperature and gut chemistry can shape resistance to parasite infection. Heat and acidity can limit trypanosomatid infection in warm-blooded hosts, and could shape infection resistance in insects as well. The colony-level endothermy and acidic guts of social bees provide unique opportunities to study how temperature and acidity shape insect-parasite associations. We compared temperature and pH tolerance between three trypanosomatid parasites from social bees and a related trypanosomatid from poikilothermic mosquitoes, which have alkaline guts. Relative to the mosquito parasites, all three bee parasites had higher heat tolerance that reflected levels of endothermy in hosts. Heat tolerance of the honey bee parasite Crithidia mellificae was exceptional for its genus, implicating honey bee endothermy as a filter of parasite establishment. The lesser heat tolerance of the emerging Lotmaria passim suggests possible spillover from a less endothermic host. Whereas both honey bee parasites tolerated the acidic pH's found in bee intestines, mosquito parasites tolerated the alkaline conditions found in mosquito midguts, suggesting that both gut pH and temperature could structure host-parasite specificity. Elucidating how host temperature and gut pH affect infection—and corresponding parasite adaptations to these factors—could help explain trypanosomatids' distribution among insects and invasion of mammals. Keywords : thermal performance curve, metabolic theory of ecology, infectious disease ecology, thermoregulation, Apis mellifera, Leishmania

The Pathogenesis of Experimental Mycotic Encephalitis

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
James A. Swenberg ◽  
Adalbert Koestner ◽  
R.P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Host Parasite

Previous investigations of pathogenetic mechanisms in mycotic encephalitis have been restricted to light microscopic and mycologic approaches. In this study, electron microscopy was utilized to determine the mode of vascular penetration and the cellular and subcellular host-parasite interrelationships in brains of mice infected with Oidiodendron kalrai. This newly isolated fungus was selected because of its ability to consistently produce encephalitis with gross and microscopic lesions similar to those observed in naturally occuring mycoses.

Examination of Schistosome Cercariae and Schistosomules by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
D. Johnson ◽  
P. Moriearty
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Conventional Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Since several species of Schistosoma, or blood fluke, parasitize man, these trematodes have been subjected to extensive study. Light microscopy and conventional electron microscopy have yielded much information about the morphology of the various stages; however, scanning electron microscopy has been little utilized for this purpose. As the figures demonstrate, scanning microscopy is particularly helpful in studying at high resolution characteristics of surface structure, which are important in determining host-parasite relationships.

Identification and Treatment of European Foulbrood in Honey Bee Colonies

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Mueller ◽  
Cameron Jack ◽  
Ashley N. Mortensen ◽  
Jamie D. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
European Foulbrood ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Honey Bee Larvae

European foulbrood is a bacterial disease that affects Western honey bee larvae. It is a concern to beekeepers everywhere, though it is less serious than American foulbrood because it does not form spores, which means that it can be treated. This 7-page fact sheet written by Catherine M. Mueller, Cameron J. Jack, Ashley N. Mortensen, and Jamie Ellis and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department describes the disease and explains how to identify it to help beekeepers manage their colonies effectively and prevent the spread of both American and European foulbrood.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1272

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