scholarly journals Demographic responses to climate change in a threatened Arctic species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylee D. Dunham ◽  
Anna M. Tucker ◽  
David N. Koons ◽  
Asheber Abebe ◽  
F. Stephen Dobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Arctic Species ◽  
Demographic Responses

scholarly journals Global analysis reveals complex demographic responses of mammals to climate change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paniw ◽  
Tamora James ◽  
C. Ruth Archer ◽  
Gesa Römer ◽  
Sam Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Demographic Rates ◽  
Global Understanding ◽  
Demographic Responses

ABSTRACTApproximately 25 % of mammals are threatened globally with extinction, a risk that is amplified under climate change1. Persistence under climate change is determined by the combined effects of climatic factors on multiple demographic rates (survival, development, reproduction), and hence, on population dynamics2. Thus, to quantify which species and places on Earth are most vulnerable to climate-driven extinction, a global understanding of how demographic rates respond to climate is needed3. We synthesise information on such responses in terrestrial mammals, where extensive demographic data are available4. Given the importance of assessing the full spectrum of responses, we focus on studies that quantitatively link climate to multiple demographic rates. We identify 106 such studies, corresponding to 86 mammal species. We reveal a strong mismatch between the locations of demographic studies and the regions and taxa currently recognised as most vulnerable to climate change5,6. Moreover, we show that the effects of climate change on mammals will operate via complex demographic mechanisms: a vast majority of mammal populations display projected increases in some demographic rates but declines in others. Assessments of population viability under climate change therefore need to account for multiple demographic responses. We advocate to prioritise coordinated actions to assess mammal demography holistically for effective conservation worldwide.

scholarly journals Individual-scale inference to anticipate climate-change vulnerability of biodiversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1586) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Clark ◽  
David M. Bell ◽  
Matthew Kwit ◽  
Anne Stine ◽  
Ben Vierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Demographic Rates ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Individual Scale ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Demographic Responses

Anticipating how biodiversity will respond to climate change is challenged by the fact that climate variables affect individuals in competition with others, but interest lies at the scale of species and landscapes. By omitting the individual scale, models cannot accommodate the processes that determine future biodiversity. We demonstrate how individual-scale inference can be applied to the problem of anticipating vulnerability of species to climate. The approach places climate vulnerability in the context of competition for light and soil moisture. Sensitivities to climate and competition interactions aggregated from the individual tree scale provide estimates of which species are vulnerable to which variables in different habitats. Vulnerability is explored in terms of specific demographic responses (growth, fecundity and survival) and in terms of the synthetic response (the combination of demographic rates), termed climate tracking. These indices quantify risks for individuals in the context of their competitive environments. However, by aggregating in specific ways (over individuals, years, and other input variables), we provide ways to summarize and rank species in terms of their risks from climate change.

scholarly journals Independent Demographic Responses to Climate Change among Temperate and Tropical Milksnakes (Colubridae: Genus Lampropeltis)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0128543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ruane ◽  
Omar Torres-Carvajal ◽  
Frank T. Burbrink
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Demographic Responses

scholarly journals Riding the storm out: select demographics of a breeding population of Cooper’s hawks (Accipiter cooperii) following a severe spring snowstorm

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Robert N. Rosenfield
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nest Success ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Accipiter Cooperii ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Average Brood ◽  
Demographic Responses ◽  
Cooper's Hawks

Abstract The demographic responses to severe weather by top-level predators, including birds of prey, are underreported and/or unknown. Severe storms are predicted by climate change models to increase globally and in frequency into the 22nd century. In April 2018, a population of breeding Cooper’s hawks (Accipiter cooperii) in central Wisconsin, USA, experienced three days of heavy snowfall in the most severe storm, in pre-incubation-stage, for 39 years (1980–2018). Here I report select demographic outcomes of this nesting population following this intense weather. The median hatching date of 10 June in 2018 was the sixth latest such metric in those 39 years (and the latest in 22 years since 1996) for this population, which has advanced its breeding schedule about 1.3 days/decade due to climate change or warming. Survival of a total of 16 color-marked breeding adults, 15 males and 1 female, observed pre-storm in the nesting areas, was 100% up through the late nestling stage in the same nesting areas where these birds were initially detected in 2018. Average clutch size (4.4 eggs/nest) and average brood size (4.0 young/nest) were similar to the overall average annual metrics of these demographics for this population in the earlier 38 study years. Nest success, whereby 95% of 21 nests with eggs produced advanced-aged young, was higher in 2018 than the overall average of 77% nest success rate during the earlier years. The later timing of hatching in 2018, likely due to the severe spring snowstorm, appeared to have no deleterious effects either on survival of the breeding adults or on the reproductive output of this healthy study population. Tree-canopy prey may have served as important alternative food for this typically ground-foraging raptor in 2018.

scholarly journals Demographic performance of European tree species at their hot and cold climatic edges

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Kunstler ◽  
Arnaud Guyennon ◽  
Sophia Ratcliffe ◽  
Nadja Rüger ◽  
Paloma Ruiz-Benito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
List Type ◽  
Demographic Performance ◽  
Demographic Response ◽  
Demographic Responses

AbstractSpecies range limits are thought to result from a decline in demographic performance at range edges. However, recent studies reporting contradictory patterns in species demographic performance at their edges cast doubt on our ability to predict climate change demographic impacts. To understand these inconsistent demographic responses at the edges, we need to shift the focus from geographic to climatic edges and analyse how species responses vary with climatic constraints at the edge and species’ ecological strategy.Here we parameterised integral projection models with climate and competition effects for 27 tree species using forest inventory data from over 90,000 plots across Europe. Our models estimate size-dependent climatic responses and evaluate their effects on two life trajectory metrics: lifespan and passage time – the time to grow to a large size. Then we predicted growth, survival, lifespan, and passage time at the hot and dry or cold and wet edges and compared them to their values at the species climatic centre to derive indices of demographic response at the edge. Using these indices, we investigated whether differences in species demographic response between hot and cold edges could be explained by their position along the climate gradient and functional traits related to their climate stress tolerance.We found that at cold and wet edges of European tree species, growth and passage time were constrained, whereas at their hot and dry edges, survival and lifespan were constrained. Demographic constraints at the edge were stronger for species occurring in extreme conditions, i.e. in hot edges of hot-distributed species and cold edges of cold-distributed species. Species leaf nitrogen content was strongly linked to their demographic responses at the edge. In contrast, we found only weak links with wood density, leaf size, and xylem vulnerability to embolism.Synthesis. Our study presents a more complicated picture than previously thought with demographic responses that differ between hot and cold edges. Predictions of climate change impacts should be refined to include edge and species characteristics.

Increasing importance of climate change and other threats to at-risk species in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456
Author(s):  
Catherine Woo-Durand ◽  
Jean-Michel Matte ◽  
Grace Cuddihy ◽  
Chloe L. McGourdji ◽  
Oscar Venter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Native Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arctic Species ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Paired Analysis ◽  
Over Time

In a previous analysis, six major threats to at-risk species in Canada were quantified: habitat loss, introduced species, over-exploitation, pollution, native species interactions, and natural causes (O. Venter et al. 2006. Bioscience, 56(11): 903–910). Because of rapid environmental change in Canada and an enhanced understanding of the drivers of species endangerment, we updated the 2005 analysis and tested for changes in threats up until the end of 2018. We also expanded the scope to acknowledge climate change as a seventh major threat to species, given its increasing importance for reshaping biological communities. Using information on the COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada) website, we scored the threats for each of 814 species. Habitat loss remained the most important anthropogenic threat to Canada’s at-risk species, affecting 82% of species, followed by over-exploitation (47%), introduced species (46%), and pollution (35%). Climate change was the least important threat, affecting only 13% of species. However, report writers used less certain language when talking about climate change compared with other threats, so when we included cases where climate change was listed as a probable or future cause, climate change was the fourth most important anthropogenic threat, affecting some 38% of species. The prevalence of threat categories was broadly similar to those for the United States and IUCN listed species. The taxa most affected by climate change included lichens (77%), birds (63%), marine mammals (60%), and Arctic species of all taxa (79%), whereas vascular plants (23%), marine fishes (24%), arthropods (27%), and non-Arctic species (35%) were least affected. A paired analysis of the 188 species with two or more reports indicated that any mention of climate change as a threat increased from 12% to 50% in 10 years. Other anthropogenic threats that have increased significantly over time in the paired analysis included introduced species, over-exploitation, and pollution. Our analysis suggests that threats are changing rapidly over time, emphasizing the need to monitor future trends of all threats, including climate change.

Climate change and increased environmental variability: Demographic responses in an estuarine harpacticoid copepod

2007 ◽  
Vol 209 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 189-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney E. Richmond ◽  
David S. Wethey ◽  
Sarah A. Woodin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepod ◽  
Demographic Responses

scholarly journals Asynchronous demographic responses to Pleistocene climate change in Eastern Nearctic vertebrates

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1457-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank T. Burbrink ◽  
Yvonne L. Chan ◽  
Edward A. Myers ◽  
Sara Ruane ◽  
Brian Tilston Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pleistocene Climate ◽  
Pleistocene Climate Change ◽  
Demographic Responses

scholarly journals Demographic responses of a threatened, low-density ungulate to annual variation in meteorological and phenological conditions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258136
Author(s):  
Craig A. DeMars ◽  
Sophie Gilbert ◽  
Robert Serrouya ◽  
Allicia P. Kelly ◽  
Nicholas C. Larter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Juvenile Recruitment ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Demographic Responses

As global climate change progresses, wildlife management will benefit from knowledge of demographic responses to climatic variation, particularly for species already endangered by other stressors. In Canada, climate change is expected to increasingly impact populations of threatened woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) and much focus has been placed on how a warming climate has potentially facilitated the northward expansion of apparent competitors and novel predators. Climate change, however, may also exert more direct effects on caribou populations that are not mediated by predation. These effects include meteorological changes that influence resource availability and energy expenditure. Research on other ungulates suggests that climatic variation may have minimal impact on low-density populations such as woodland caribou because per-capita resources may remain sufficient even in “bad” years. We evaluated this prediction using demographic data from 21 populations in western Canada that were monitored for various intervals between 1994 and 2015. We specifically assessed whether juvenile recruitment and adult female survival were correlated with annual variation in meteorological metrics and plant phenology. Against expectations, we found that both vital rates appeared to be influenced by annual climatic variation. Juvenile recruitment was primarily correlated with variation in phenological conditions in the year prior to birth. Adult female survival was more strongly correlated with meteorological conditions and declined during colder, more variable winters. These responses may be influenced by the life history of woodland caribou, which reside in low-productivity refugia where small climatic changes may result in changes to resources that are sufficient to elicit strong demographic effects. Across all models, explained variation in vital rates was low, suggesting that other factors had greater influence on caribou demography. Nonetheless, given the declining trajectories of many woodland caribou populations, our results highlight the increased relevance of recovery actions when adverse climatic conditions are likely to negatively affect caribou demography.

scholarly journals Bryozoa of the Laptev and East Siberian seas: modern research

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-2021) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Evseeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Arctic Species ◽  
East Siberian Sea ◽  
The Laptev Sea

The new data about bryozoan fauna of the Siberian seas (Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea) are obtained. 48 species of Bryozoa were identified in the samples, collected in the MMBI RAS expedition (2014) at 50 stations: 45 – in the Laptev Sea and 16 – in the East Siberian Sea. The taxonomic and biogeographic composition, the features of distribution of Bryozoa are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the studies of the end of the 20th century (1986, 1987 and 1993–1998) based on literature data is carried out (Gontar, 1990, 1994, 2004, 2015а,б, 2016). There was a significant increase 60 in the share of boreal-arctic species due to a significant decrease of arctic species (by almost a third), which probably reflects the climate change towards warming , observed at the beginning of the 21st century.

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