scholarly journals Pest consumption by generalist arthropod predators increases with crop stage in both organic and conventional farms

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen‐Chang Hsu ◽  
Jia‐Ang Ou ◽  
Chuan‐Kai Ho
Keyword(s):  
Arthropod Predators ◽  
Conventional Farms

Organic farming promotes arthropod predators, but this depends on neighbouring patches of natural vegetation

2021 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 107295
Author(s):  
Alistair D. Galloway ◽  
Colleen L. Seymour ◽  
Rene Gaigher ◽  
James S. Pryke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Arthropod Predators

scholarly journals The food web in a subterranean ecosystem is driven by intraguild predation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Parimuchová ◽  
Lenka Petráková Dušátková ◽  
Ľubomír Kováč ◽  
Táňa Macháčková ◽  
Ondřej Slabý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Arthropod Predators ◽  
Body Sizes

AbstractTrophic interactions of cave arthropods have been understudied. We used molecular methods (NGS) to decipher the food web in the subterranean ecosystem of the Ardovská Cave (Western Carpathians, Slovakia). We collected five arthropod predators of the species Parasitus loricatus (gamasid mites), Eukoenenia spelaea (palpigrades), Quedius mesomelinus (beetles), and Porrhomma profundum and Centromerus cavernarum (both spiders) and prey belonging to several orders. Various arthropod orders were exploited as prey, and trophic interactions differed among the predators. Linear models were used to compare absolute and relative prey body sizes among the predators. Quedius exploited relatively small prey, while Eukoenenia and Parasitus fed on relatively large prey. Exploitation of eggs or cadavers is discussed. In contrast to previous studies, Eukoenenia was found to be carnivorous. A high proportion of intraguild predation was found in all predators. Intraspecific consumption (most likely cannibalism) was detected only in mites and beetles. Using Pianka’s index, the highest trophic niche overlaps were found between Porrhomma and Parasitus and between Centromerus and Eukoenenia, while the lowest niche overlap was found between Parasitus and Quedius. Contrary to what we expected, the high availability of Diptera and Isopoda as a potential prey in the studied system was not corroborated. Our work demonstrates that intraguild diet plays an important role in predators occupying subterranean ecosystems.

scholarly journals Floral Plantings in Large-Scale Commercial Agroecosystems Support Both Pollinators and Arthropod Predators

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Eric G. Middleton ◽  
Ian V. MacRae ◽  
Christopher R. Philips
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Field Margins ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Pollinator Abundance ◽  
Arthropod Predators ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Beneficial Insect ◽  
Potato Crops

Beneficial insect populations and the services that they provide are in decline, largely due to agricultural land use and practices. Establishing perennial floral plantings in the unused margins of crop fields can help conserve beneficial pollinators and predators in commercial agroecosystems. We assessed the impacts of floral plantings on both pollinators and arthropod predators when established adjacent to conventionally managed commercial potato fields. Floral plantings significantly increased the abundance of pollinators within floral margins compared with unmanaged margins. Increased floral cover within margins led to significantly greater pollinator abundance as well. The overall abundance of arthropod predators was also significantly increased in floral plantings, although it was unrelated to the amount of floral cover. Within adjacent potato crops, the presence of floral plantings in field margins had no effect on the abundance of pollinators or predators, although higher floral cover in margins did marginally increase in-crop pollinator abundance. Establishing floral plantings of this kind on a large scale in commercial agroecosystems can help conserve both pollinators and predators, but may not increase ecosystem services in nearby crops.

Comparison of Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella in Antimicrobial-Free and Conventional Pig Production

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
WONDWOSSEN A. GEBREYES ◽  
SIDDHARTHA THAKUR ◽  
W. E. MORGAN MORROW
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
On Farm

Conventional swine production evolved to routinely use antimicrobials, and common occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella has been reported. There is a paucity of information on the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in swine production in the absence of antimicrobial selective pressure. Therefore, we compared the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from antimicrobial-free and conventional production systems. A total of 889 pigs and 743 carcasses were sampled in the study. Salmonella prevalence was significantly higher among the antimicrobial-free systems (15.2%) than the conventional systems (4.2%) (odds ratio [OR] = 4.23; P < 0.05). Antimicrobial resistance was detected against 10 of the 12 antimicrobials tested. The highest frequency of resistance was found against tetracycline (80%), followed by streptomycin (43.4%) and sulfamethoxazole (36%). Frequency of resistance to most classes of antimicrobials (except tetracycline) was significantly higher among conventional farms than antimicrobial-free farms, with ORs ranging from 2.84 for chloramphenicol to 23.22 for kanamycin at the on-farm level. A total of 28 antimicrobial resistance patterns were detected. A resistance pattern with streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (n = 130) was the most common multidrug resistance pattern. There was no significant difference in the proportion of isolates with this pattern between the conventional (19.5%) and the antimicrobial-free systems (18%) (OR = 1.8; P > 0.05). A pentaresistance pattern with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline was strongly associated with antimicrobial-free groups (OR = 5.4; P = 0.01). While showing the higher likelihood of finding antimicrobial resistance among conventional herds, this study also implies that specific multidrug-resistant strains may occur on antimicrobial-free farms. A longitudinal study with a representative sample size is needed to reach more conclusive results of the associations detected in this study.

Case study: Comparison of milk composition from adjacent organic and conventional farms in the USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H Tunick ◽  
Diane L Van Hekken ◽  
Moushumi Paul ◽  
Elaine R Ingham ◽  
Hubert J Karreman
Keyword(s):  
Milk Composition ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
The Usa

Nitrate leaching from organic farms and conventional farms following best practice

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stopes ◽  
E.I. Lord ◽  
L. Philipps ◽  
L. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Conventional Farms

Bat activity in rice paddies: Organic and conventional farms compared to unmanaged habitat

2017 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Toffoli ◽  
Marco Rughetti
Keyword(s):  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Conventional Farms
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