scholarly journals Interactive effects of genotype and food quality on consumer growth rate and elemental content

Ecology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1399-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay Prater ◽  
Nicole D. Wagner ◽  
Paul C. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Elemental Content

Interactive effects of food quality, temperature and rearing time on condition of juvenile black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 2455-2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Walther ◽  
T. S. Elsdon ◽  
B. M. Gillanders
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Black Bream ◽  
Acanthopagrus Butcheri

scholarly journals The influence of food quality (P :C ratio) on RNA:DNA ratio and somatic growth rate of Daphnia

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Vrede ◽  
Jonas Persson ◽  
Grete Aronsen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Somatic Growth Rate ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Rna:Dna Ratio

Slower Growth Results in Larger Otoliths: An Experimental Test with Guppies (Poecilia reticulata)

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Reznick ◽  
Eric Lindbeck ◽  
Heather Bryga
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Daily Increments ◽  
Otolith Size ◽  
Age Structures

We demonstrate that slowly growing guppies (Poecilia reticulata) have larger otoliths than equal-sized, rapidly growing guppies. This relationship has been suggested by previous authors, but they compared wild or pond-reared fish from different poopulations, thereby confounding their observations with the different environments. Our experiment controlled for the genetic background, food quality, and the aquatic environment and assessed the influences of food availability and growth rate on relative otolith size. This difference in relative otolith dimensions could aid in comparing growth rates among populations or could improve the use of otolith dimensions for estimating population age structures. In both cases, these methods could also complement data based on counting daily increments or annuli on otoliths and other structures to characterize growth rates and age structures.

Winter temperature and food quality affect age at maturity: an experimental test with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1817-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bror Jonsson ◽  
Anders G. Finstad ◽  
Nina Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Field studies have revealed that many ectotherms mature younger and smaller in warmer environments although they grow faster. This has puzzled ecologists because the direct effect of factors that accelerate growth is expected to be larger, not smaller size. We tested this experimentally for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at two winter temperatures and diets. Logistic regression revealed that the probability of maturation during the second year in sea water, relative to the probability of older maturation, increased with temperature and growth rate during the first winter. Also, large size and high condition factor 1 year prior to maturation stimulated maturation. In females, a high lipid diet increased the probability of maturation as one-sea-winter fish, and there were significant interactions between winter temperature and food quality and between body size and condition factor the first autumn in sea water. Thus, if the direct effect of temperature on growth rate is the main effect of warming, salmon are likely to attain maturity younger and smaller. Also, richer food decreased age at maturation in females. This finding has consequences for interpretations of climate change impacts on age at maturity in Atlantic salmon and may also hold for many other ectotherm species.

scholarly journals Future CO2-induced seawater acidification mediates the physiological performance of a green alga Ulva linza in different photoperiods

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furong Yue ◽  
Guang Gao ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Hailong Wu ◽  
Xinshu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Green Tide ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Ulva Linza

Photoperiods have an important impact on macroalgae living in the intertidal zone. Ocean acidification also influences the physiology of macroalgae. However, little is known about the interaction between ocean acidification and photoperiod on macroalgae. In this study, a green alga Ulva linza was cultured under three different photoperiods (L: D = 8:16, 12:12, 16:8) and two different CO2 levels (LC, 400 ppm; HC, 1,000 ppm) to investigate their responses. The results showed that relative growth rate of U. linza increased with extended light periods under LC but decreased at HC when exposed to the longest light period of 16 h compared to 12 h. Higher CO2 levels enhanced the relative growth rate at a L: D of 8:16, had no effect at 12:12 but reduced RGR at 16:8. At LC, the L: D of 16:8 significantly stimulated maximum quantum yield (Yield). Higher CO2 levels enhanced Yield at L: D of 12:12 and 8:16, had negative effect at 16:8. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased with increasing light period. High CO2 levels did not affect respiration rate during shorter light periods but enhanced it at a light period of 16 h. Longer light periods had negative effects on Chl a and Chl b content, and high CO2 level also inhibited the synthesis of these pigments. Our data demonstrate the interactive effects of CO2 and photoperiod on the physiological characteristics of the green tide macroalga Ulva linza and indicate that future ocean acidification may hinder the stimulatory effect of long light periods on growth of Ulva species.

A NONAUTONOMOUS MODEL FOR THE INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF FEAR, REFUGE AND ADDITIONAL FOOD IN A PREY–PREDATOR SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
NAZMUL SK ◽  
PANKAJ KUMAR TIWARI ◽  
YUN KANG ◽  
SAMARES PAL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Positive Periodic Solution ◽  
Oscillatory System ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Prey Refuge ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Predator System

The importance of fear, refuge and additional food is being increasingly recognized in recent studies, but their combined effects need to be explored. In this paper, we investigate the joint effects of these three ecologically important factors in a prey–predator system with Crowly–Martin type functional response. We find that the fear of predator significantly affects the densities of prey and predator populations whereas the presence of prey refuge and additional food for predator are recognized to have potential impacts to sustain prey and predator in the habitat, respectively. The fear of predator induces limit cycle oscillations while an oscillatory system becomes stable on increasing the refuge. The system first undergoes a supercritical Hopf-bifurcation and then a subcritical Hopf-bifurcation on increasing either the growth rate of prey or growth rate of predator due to additional food. Increasing the quality/quantity of additional food after a certain value causes extinction of prey species and rapid incline in the predator population. An extension is made in the model by considering the seasonal variations in the cost of fear of predator, prey refuge and growth rate of predator due to additional food. The nonautonomous model is shown to exhibit globally attractive positive periodic solution. Moreover, complex dynamics such as higher periodic solutions and bursting patterns are observed due to seasonal variations in the rate parameters.

scholarly journals Growth, stoichiometry and cell size; temperature and nutrient responses in haptophytes

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Fredrik Skau ◽  
Tom Andersen ◽  
Jan-Erik Thrane ◽  
Dag Olav Hessen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Temperature and nutrients are key factors affecting the growth, cell size, and physiology of marine phytoplankton. In the ocean, temperature and nutrient availability often co-vary because temperature drives vertical stratification, which further controls nutrient upwelling. This makes it difficult to disentangle the effects of temperature and nutrients on phytoplankton purely from observational studies. In this study, we carried out a factorial experiment crossing two temperatures (13°and 19°C) with two growth regimes (P-limited, semi-continuous batch cultures [“−P”] and nutrient replete batch cultures in turbidostat mode [“+P”]) for three species of common marine haptophytes (Emiliania huxleyi, Chrysochromulina rotalis and Prymnesium polylepis) to address the effects of temperature and nutrient limitation on elemental content and stoichiometry (C:N:P), total RNA, cell size, and growth rate. We found that the main gradient in elemental content and RNA largely was related to nutrient regime and the resulting differences in growth rate and degree of P-limitation, and observed reduced cell volume-specific content of P and RNA (but also N and C in most cases) and higher N:P and C:P in the slow growing −P cultures compared to the fast growing +P cultures. P-limited cells also tended to be larger than nutrient replete cells. Contrary to other recent studies, we found lower N:P and C:P ratios at high temperature. Overall, elemental content and RNA increased with temperature, especially in the nutrient replete cultures. Notably, however, temperature had a weaker–and in some cases a negative–effect on elemental content and RNA under P-limitation. This interaction indicates that the effect of temperature on cellular composition may differ between nutrient replete and nutrient limited conditions, where cellular uptake and storage of excess nutrients may overshadow changes in resource allocation among the non-storage fractions of biomass (e.g. P-rich ribosomes and N-rich proteins). Cell size decreased at high temperature, which is in accordance with general observations.

scholarly journals Survival and growth of the Melolontha spp. grubs on the roots of the main forest tree species

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Woreta ◽  
Lidia Sukovata
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract The survival, weight and relative growth rate (RGR) of the Melolontha spp. grubs feeding on roots of Quercus petraea, Q. robur, Fagus sylvatica, Betula pendula, Larix decidua, Alnus glutinosa and Pinus sylvestris, were examined. Overall, the youngest grubs L1 were the most affected by food quality. The mortality of the grubs feeding on the roots of A. glutinosa changed most rapidly and, consequently, LT50 was the shortest (25.9 days), whereas the slowest changes in mortality with the highest LT50 values were observed on the two oak species (54.9 and 44.9 days on Q. robur and Q. petraea, respectively). The RGRs of the L1 grubs were the highest on oaks, F. sylvatica and B. pendula. The overall rate of survival of the older grubs was high (66.7–100%). It was the lowest on the roots of B. pendula (L2 grubs) and L. decidua (L3 grubs), which at the same time displayed the highest RGRs. The interpretation of the results is difficult due to the lack of basic knowledge on the potential effects of food quality and other factors on grub metamorphosis. There is no doubt, however, that among the seven tested tree species the roots of A. glutinosa are the least favorable for the Melolontha grubs’ performance.

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