Pricing recreation use of national parks for more efficient nature conservation: an application to the Portuguese case

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 288-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Recreation Use

scholarly journals Life-Styles and Nature Conservation

Oryx ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond F. Dasmann
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
The People ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Local Ecosystem ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
As If

One of the key papers at the Technical Meetings that accompanied the IUCN General Assembly in Zaïre was Dr Dasmann's showing how the emphasis in nature conservation has shifted. No longer can the ‘biosphere people’ – the people of the developed nations who draw on the resources of the whole world to maintain their life-style – simply urge developing countries to ‘protect’ wildlife and establish national parks while at the same time pressing them to cut back their population growth. One extra person in the USA will consume more in energy and materials than 20 extra people in Tanzania. What Dr Dasmann calls the ‘ecosystem people’—those who depend for all their resources on supplies within their local ecosystem – lived in balance with nature and, moreover, did not live impoverished lives, Today we can only solve our world problems by getting back to some better balance, ‘the old partnership with nature that existed without people being aware of it’. What we need, he suggests, is ‘conservation as if people mattered’ and ‘development as if nature mattered’. Nature conservation today demands new life-styles.

scholarly journals Veld management with specific reference to game ranching in the grassland and savanna areas of South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.S.W. Trollope
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Game Ranching ◽  
Over Time

Veld management refers to the management of natural vegetation for specific objectives related to different forms of land use. In the wildlife context a wide spectrum of different forms of land use are practised ranging from pure nature conservation in large national parks through to smaller areas used for game farming. Consequently the products useable to society emanating from these areas vary greatly, and therefore the management of veld stocked with wildlife is extremely complex and must be adapted to the particular form of land use that is being practised. A generally accepted principle is that the smaller the area being used for wildlife the more intensively it must be managed, particularly game ranches. A prerequisite for the development of an effective veld management program is a comprehensive assessment of the condition of the veld upon which realistic veld management practices can be formulated. These practices will include stocking the veld with the appropriate species and numbers of animals, grazing and browsing management, veld burning and the provision of watering points. Finally a programme for monitoring veld condition over time is a prerequisite for sound veld management.

Nature Conservation and Protection in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Wakild
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Mexican History ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Global Institutions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early National

Conservation, in broad terms, has been a dynamic and nuanced practice throughout Mexican history. Nature conservation and protection include individual practices such as planting trees to protect watersheds, seasonal hunting bans, land set-asides such as national parks, and the ideas and values that shape these actions. Three broad eras are analyzed to provide a kaleidoscopic view of how some people living in Mexican territory have understood and acted for nature conservation. The first era, stretching from the pre-Columbian through the colonial eras, was characterized by an abundance of nature relative to people using it. The reasons for conservation were infrequent but did emerge, particularly in urban settings. The second era, the administrative era from the 1820s to the 1980s, included early national claims, revolutionary policies, and the reach of global institutions into domestic conservation policy. Nature’s limitations became apparent due to overuse and development which inspired formal responses to limit exploitation. The third era, from 1982 to the present, involves an age of abstraction where conservation has been reimagined for various purposes by a culture increasingly removed from an appreciation of the practical and aesthetic qualities of nature.

scholarly journals Present day status and future of nature conservation in the Republic of Malawi

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Anstey Anstey ◽  
A.J. Hall-Martin Hall-Martin
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Tsetse Control ◽  
Benign Neglect ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
The Status ◽  
Game Fish ◽  
The Republic

When Malawi (formerly Nyasaland) became independent in 1964 the status and future of its game reserves were in jeopardy. The former administration had adopted a policy of benign neglect towards the country's wildlife areas (Anon 1963), and the remnants of the Department of Game, Fish and Tsetse Control had been absorbed by the Forestry Department in 1963. Fortunately the Life President of Malawi, Dr H Kamuzu Banda, took a strong interest in wildlife conservation and it was only his personal intervention, and the advent of independence, that saved the former Lengwe Game Reserve from deproclamation (Hayes 1967) as planned by the colonial administration. With the Life President's encouragement and the dedicated efforts of the staff responsible for wildlife, the tide which had been running strongly against nature conservation was turned, culminating in the establishment of a separate Department of National Parks and Wildlife only a decade after independence.

Ecotourism and biodiversity conservation - two way track

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Oosterzee
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
National Parks ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Nature Appreciation ◽  
Economic Studies

While not denying that tourism has environmental impacts, tourism's potential to aid biodiversity conservation world-wide is great and needs to be harnessed. However, unless precisely explained, the notion of ecotourism clouds the role of tourism in nature conservation. Therefore I define ecotourism as all visits that focus on nature appreciation and the associated infrastructure (park facilities, tours, accommodation, airlines that bring tourists to the area etc.) that supports these visits. This definition, which is used throughout this paper, helps eliminate the false distinction being made between tourism and ecotourism. Tourism, at the international and national political level, has an influential role as a force for biodiversity conservation by being a rationale for plaCing extra land in conservation reserves, or otherwise by sustainably managing natural areas for their natural values. Using World Heritage Areas (WHA) as an example - perhaps even as an indicator of tourism and its impacts on natural areas ? the little information available suggests that tourism is not often a threat, but that warfare, clearing for agriculture, and poaching are. Regions with an intact tourism industry are also those more likely to have an intact ecosystem. National parks do act as a catalyst for tourism growth. The question is whether tourism can deliver the financial means to undertake management to neutralize the impacts of tourism on biodiversity, or, perhaps more importantly, to fund more extensive works for biodiversity conservation? Few rigorous economic studies have been carried out to provide answers to this question; to define the link between biodiversity conservation and tourism, and to explore ways of making tourism maintain and expand the resource on which its profits are based, thus making the industry world-wide a major force for conservation.

Nature conservation in Italy: the existing national parks and other protected areas

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Lovari ◽  
Fabio Cassola
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks

The Making of a National Park: Ruins of Nature and History in Northern Dobrudja

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-614
Author(s):  
Calin Cotoi
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Analytical Potential ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Construction Of Nature ◽  
Critical Discourses ◽  
Gain Access

After 1990, nature conservation areas multiplied all over Central and Eastern Europe. National parks came into being as part of a dramatically changing society, economy, and culture. Scholarly efforts to understand national parks rely either on arguments about the social construction of nature or on political ecology. In this article, I attempt to point to the analytical potential of the literature on ruins for expanding studies carried out in both theoretical traditions. I draw from fieldwork in nature conservation areas in southeastern Romania to explore how actors gain access to critical discourses and complex ways of narrating and enrolling the landscapes. The mechanisms that counterpoise safeguarding and development are analyzed as parts of a longue durée articulation of ruination and modernization.

scholarly journals WildCountry

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry F. Recher
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Reserve System

REGARDLESS of the merits and values of individual national parks and nature reserves, Australia's conservation reserves do not ensure the survival of the continent's biota. There are many reasons for this. Reserves, even the largest, are too small and vulnerable to broad area disturbance. Consider that, in January 2003, fires burnt more than two-thirds of Kosciuszko National Park, which at 690 000 ha is the largest park in New South Wales and one of the largest in Australia. This shows how even the largest conservation reserves are at risk of catastrophic disturbance. The much smaller Nadgee Nature Reserve (21 000 ha) in southeastern New South Wales has burnt almost in its entirety twice in the 35 years I have worked there. The Nadgee fires and those in Kosciuszko were started by lightning and were the result of prolonged drought, events common across the continent. When small size is coupled with isolation, the long-term survival of populations and the exchange of propagules within the reserve system becomes problematical. Small size and isolation do not leave much scope for plants and animals to adapt to long-term climate change, either through dispersal or by evolution. Even reserving 10 or 15% of land for nature conservation, as recommended by some international conservation agencies, will be inadequate; a target of 30% would have better ecological credentials, but even this could prove inadequate unless the nature conservation reserve system was designed to allow for long-term evolutionary change, which it is not (see Archer 2002; Recher 2002a,b).

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