scholarly journals The role of post‐translational modifications for learning and memory formation

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2593-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berta Sunyer ◽  
Weifei Diao ◽  
Gert Lubec
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Post Translational Modifications

Role of MicroRNA Genes miR-1000 and miR-375 in Forming Olfactory Conditional Memory in Drosophila melanogaster

MicroRNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadniman Rahman ◽  
Chaity Modak ◽  
Mousumi Akter ◽  
Mohammad Shamimul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Neural Integration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Locomotion Speed ◽  
Microrna Genes ◽  
With Memory

Background: Learning and memory is basic aspects in neurogenetics as most of the neurological disorders start with dementia or memory loss. Several genes associated with memory formation have been discovered. MicroRNA genes miR-1000 and miR-375 were reported to be associated with neural integration and glucose homeostasis in some insects and vertebrates. However, neuronal function of these genes is yet to be established in D. melanogaster. Objective: Possible role of miR-1000 and miR-375 in learning and memory formation in this fly has been explored in the present study. Methods: Both appetitive and aversive olfactory conditional learning were tested in the miR-1000 and miR-375 knockout (KO) strains and compared with wild one. Five days old third instar larvae were trained by allowing them to be associated with an odor with reward (fructose) or punishment (salt). Then, the larvae were tested to calculate their preferences to the odor trained with. Learning index (LI) values and larval locomotion speed were calculated for all strains. Results: No significant difference was observed for larval locomotion speed in mutant strains. Knockout strain of miR-1000 showed significant deficiency in both appetitive and aversive memory formation whereas miR-375 KO strain showed a significantly lower response only in appetitive one. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate important role played by these two genes in forming short-term memory in D. melanogaster.

Epigenetic regulation of genes in learning and memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania L. Roth ◽  
Eric D. Roth ◽  
J. David Sweatt
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Covalent Modification ◽  
Gene Activity ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Induced Changes

Rapid advances in the field of epigenetics are revealing a new way to understand how we can form and store strong memories of significant events in our lives. Epigenetic modifications of chromatin, namely the post-translational modifications of nuclear proteins and covalent modification of DNA that regulate gene activity in the CNS (central nervous system), continue to be recognized for their pivotal role in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. At the same time, studies are correlating aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene activity with cognitive dysfunction prevalent in CNS disorders and disease. Epigenetic research, then, offers not only a novel approach to understanding the molecular transcriptional mechanisms underlying experience-induced changes in neural function and behaviour, but potential therapeutic treatments aimed at alleviating cognitive dysfunction. In this chapter, we discuss data regarding epigenetic marking of genes in adult learning and memory formation and impairment thereof, as well as data showcasing the promise for manipulating the epigenome in restoring memory capacity.

scholarly journals An Emerging Role of m6A in Memory: A Case for Translational Priming

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7447
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Leonetti ◽  
Ming Yin Chu ◽  
Fiona O. Ramnaraign ◽  
Samuel Holm ◽  
Brandon J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Neuron Development ◽  
Neuronal Functions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Tune

Investigation into the role of methylation of the adenosine base (m6A) of RNA has only recently begun, but it quickly became apparent that m6A is able to control and fine-tune many aspects of mRNA, from splicing to translation. The ability of m6A to regulate translation distally, away from traditional sites near the nucleus, quickly caught the eye of neuroscientists because of implications for selective protein translation at synapses. Work in the brain has demonstrated how m6A is functionally required for many neuronal functions, but two in particular are covered at length here: The role of m6A in 1) neuron development; and 2) memory formation. The purpose of this review is not to cover all data about m6A in the brain. Instead, this review will focus on connecting mechanisms of m6A function in neuron development, with m6A’s known function in memory formation. We will introduce the concept of “translational priming” and discuss how current data fit into this model, then speculate how m6A-mediated translational priming during memory consolidation can regulate learning and memory locally at the synapse.

scholarly journals Towards understanding of the role of transcription factors in learning processes.

1995 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Recent Advances

Recent advances in application of molecular biology to studies on learning and memory formation suggest that understanding of these seemingly elusive phenomena may be within our reach. This mini-review summarizes the present knowledge on activation and possible functions of transcription factors in learning processes with a focus on studies performed in the author's laboratory.

LTP and reinforcement: Possible role of the monoaminergic systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail N. Zhadin
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Synaptic Potentiation ◽  
System Function ◽  
Reinforcement System

The absence of a clear influence of the responses modified by new connections created by LTP on the development of these connections casts doubt on an essential role of LTP in learning and memory formation without any association with reinforcement. The evidence for the involvement of the monoaminergic systems in synaptic potentiation in the cerebral cortex during learning is adduced, and their role in reinforcement system function is discussed.

scholarly journals Role of DNA methylation and the DNA methyltransferases in learning and memory

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Current Review ◽  
The Brain

Dynamic regulation of chromatin structure in postmitotic neurons plays an important role in learning and memory. Methylation of cytosine nucleotides has historically been considered the strongest and least modifiable of epigenetic marks. Accumulating recent data suggest that rapid and dynamic methylation and demethylation of specific genes in the brain may play a fundamental role in learning, memory formation, and behavioral plasticity. The current review focuses on the emergence of data that support the role of DNA methylation and demethylation, and its molecular mediators in memory formation.

Learning and memory formation in the honeybee (Apis mellifera) and its dependency on the cAMP-protein kinase A pathway

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Eisenhardt
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Kinase A ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Proboscis Extension Response ◽  
Kinase A

AbstractThe honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a model organism for the study of learning and memory formation and its underlying mechanisms. Honeybees have a rich behaviour that can be studied in the field as well as in the laboratory. In the latter case, olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER) has been intensively studied with respect to the neuronal and molecular mechanisms underlying acquisition and memory formation. Quite a lot is known about the neuronal pathways of both the unconditioned and the conditioned stimulus, and molecular mechanisms that lead to memory formation have been identified. In particular, the role of the cAMP-protein kinase A pathway in memory formation has been analysed. Present knowledge about the molecular basis of memory formation is outlined here. The role of the cAMP-dependent signalling cascade in memory formation is summarised and the activation of this pathway by non-associative and associative learning is discussed.

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