Census-block-level Property Risk Assessment for Wildfire in Louisiana, U.S.A

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubayet Bin Mostafiz ◽  
Carol Friedland ◽  
Robert Rohli ◽  
Nazla Bushra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Census Block ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Level Property

Wildfire Risk Assessment in Louisiana Census-block-level Property Risk Assessment for Wildfire in Louisiana, U.S.A

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubayet Bin Mostafiz ◽  
Carol Friedland ◽  
Robert Rohli ◽  
Nazla Bushra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Census Block ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Level Property

scholarly journals Census-Block-Level Property Risk Estimation Due to Extreme Cold Temperature, Hail, Lightning, and Tornadoes in Louisiana, United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubayet Bin Mostafiz ◽  
Carol J. Friedland ◽  
Robert V. Rohli ◽  
Melanie Gall ◽  
Nazla Bushra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Census Block ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Level Property

scholarly journals Geography of racial coresidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dmowska ◽  
Tomasz Stepinski
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Census Block ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Racial Preferences ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Us Cities

Whereas most work on residential race relations in US cities is based on the concept of segregation, our approach studies this issue from a who-lives-with-whom perspective. To this end, we study coresidence profiles – percentages of a given racial subpopulation living in different population zones. Population zones are data-driven divisions of a city based on characteristic racial compositions. We used 1990 and 2010 decennial census block-level data for 61 largest US metropolitan areas to calculate coresidence profiles for four major racial subpopulations in each city at both years. Profiles for each race/year combination were clustered into three archetypes. Cities, where given race profiles belong to the same archetype, have similar coresidence patterns with respect to this race. We present the geographic distributions of co-habitation profiles and show how they changed during the 1990-2010 period. Our results revealed that coresidence profiles depend not only on racial preferences but also on the availability of racial groups; cities in the different geographical regions have different coresidence profiles because they have different shares of White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian subpopulations. Temporal changes in coresidence profiles are linked to the increased share of Hispanic and Asian populations.

scholarly journals The Importance of Scale in Using Hierarchical Census Data to Identify the Wildland–Urban Interface

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangjian Zhang ◽  
Michael C. Wimberly
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Multiple Scale ◽  
County Level ◽  
Census Block ◽  
Wildland Urban Interface ◽  
Small Unit ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Block Area

Abstract Census data in combination with GIS are increasingly being used to analyze urban expansion and develop models for identifying landscape change in the urban fringe. Census data are aggregated along the large-to-small-unit gradient of county, tract, census block group (CBG), and census block. The multiple scale availability often confounds the selection of an appropriate level of data in research pertinent to using census data. This study addressed the modifiable areal unit problem of census data through comparing spatial pattern and area of wildland-urban interface (WUI) determined at different levels of census aggregation (county, census tract, CBG, and census block). Total WUI area in each single year decreased along the shrinking census unit gradient from county to census block. Area converted from wildland to WUI between 1990 and 2000 decreased along the census gradient of the tract, CBG, census block, county level. The number of WUI patches decreased, and area of WUI patches increased along the decreasing census gradient of county, tract, CBG, block. In contrast to 60% of WUI blocks falling inside WUI CBGs or tracts, more than 80% of WUI tracts fell inside WUI counties, and 76.8% of WUI CBGs fell inside WUI tracts. WUI at the block level showed a different spatial pattern from those at the tract and CBG levels in that it represented more spatial detail. County-level data tended to overestimate WUI area while underestimating area converted to WUI. The study concluded that coarse sale data, such as those at the county level, were suitable for detecting a regional pattern. Fine-scale data, such as those at the census block level, need to be used in addressing issues at a landscape pattern.

Robberies in Chicago: A Block-Level Analysis of the Influence of Crime Generators, Crime Attractors, and Offender Anchor Points

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Bernasco ◽  
Richard Block
Keyword(s):  
Census Block ◽  
Gang Activity ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Anchor Points ◽  
Street Robbery ◽  
Level Analysis

The effects of crime generators, crime attractors, and offender anchor points on the distribution of street robberies across the nearly 25,000 census blocks of Chicago are examined. The analysis includes a wide array of activities and facilities that are expected to attract criminals and generate crime. These include a variety of legal and illegal businesses and infrastructural accessibility facilitators. In addition to these crime attractors and generators, the role of the presence of motivated offenders’ anchor points, as measured by offenders’ residence and gang activity, is assessed. The analysis also includes crime attractors, crime generators, and offender anchor points in adjacent census blocks. The findings demonstrate the strength of the effects of crime generators and attractors and offender anchor points on the frequency of street robbery at the census block level.

scholarly journals Intercensal and Postcensal Estimation of Population Size for Small Geographic Areas in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decennial Census ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Census Block ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Population Sizes

IntroductionPopulation estimation techniques are often used to provide updated data for a current year. However,estimates for small geographic units, such as census tracts in the United States, are typically notavailable. Yet there are growing demands from local policy making, program planning and evaluationpractitioners for such data because small area population estimates are more useful than those forlarger geographic areas. ObjectivesTo estimate the population sizes at the census block level by subgroups (age, sex, and race/ethnicity)so that the population data can be aggregated up to any target small geographic areas. MethodsWe estimated the population sizes by subgroups at the census block level using an intercensal ap-proach for years between 2000 and 2010 and a postcensal approach for the years following the2010 decennial census (2011-2017). Then we aggregated the data to the county level (intercensalapproach) and incorporated place level (postcensal approach) and compared our estimates to corre-sponding US Census Bureau (the Census) estimates. ResultsOverall, our intercensal estimates were close to the Census’ population estimates at the countylevel for the years 2000-2010; yet there were substantive errors in counties where population sizesexperienced sudden changes. Our postcensal estimates were also close to the Census’ populationestimates at the incorporated place level for years closer to the 2010 decennial census. ConclusionsThe approaches presented here can be used to estimate population sizes for any small geographicareas based on census blocks. The advantages and disadvantages of their application in public healthpractice should be considered.

scholarly journals Are the effects of air pollution on birth weight modified by infant sex and neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation? A multilevel analysis in Paris (France)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0247699
Author(s):  
Séverine Deguen ◽  
Wahida Kihal-Talantikite ◽  
Morgane Gilles ◽  
Arlette Danzon ◽  
Marion Carayol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Census Block ◽  
Socioeconomic Index ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Infant Sex

Adverse birth outcomes related to air pollution are well documented; however, few studies have accounted for infant sex. There is also scientific evidence that the neighborhood socioeconomic profile may modify this association even after adjusting for individual socioeconomic characteristics. The objective is to analyze the association between air pollution and birth weight by infant sex and neighborhood socioeconomic index. All birth weights (2008–2011) were geocoded at census block level. Each census block was assigned a socioeconomic deprivation level, as well as daily NO2 and PM10 concentrations. We performed a multilevel model with a multiple statistical test and sensible analysis using the spline function. Our findings suggest the existence of a differential association between air pollution and BW according to both neighborhood socioeconomic level and infant sex. However, due to multiple statistical tests and controlling the false discovery rate (FDR), all significant associations became either not statistically significant or borderline. Our findings reinforce the need for additional studies to investigate the role of the neighborhood socioeconomic which could differentially modify the air pollution effect.

scholarly journals Property Risk Assessment for Expansive Soils in Louisiana

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubayet Bin Mostafiz ◽  
Carol J. Friedland ◽  
Robert V. Rohli ◽  
Nazla Bushra ◽  
Chad L. Held
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
The State ◽  
Swelling Potential ◽  
South Central ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Property Loss ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Building Loss

The physical properties of soil can affect the stability of construction. In particular, soil swelling potential (a term which includes swelling/shrinking) is often overlooked as a natural hazard. Similar to risk assessment for other hazards, assessing risk for soil swelling can be defined as the product of the probability of the hazard and the value of property subjected to the hazard. This research utilizes past engineering and geological assessments of soil swelling potential, along with economic data from the U.S. Census, to assess the risk for soil swelling at the census-block level in Louisiana, a U.S. state with a relatively dense population that is vulnerable to expansive soils. Results suggest that the coastal parts of the state face the highest risk, particularly in the areas of greater population concentrations, but that all developed parts of the state have some risk. The annual historical property loss, per capita property loss, and per building property loss are all concentrated in southeastern Louisiana and extreme southwestern Louisiana, but the concentration of wealth in cities increases the historical property loss in most of the urban areas. Projections of loss by 2050 show a similar pattern, but with increased per building loss in and around a swath of cities across southwestern and south-central Louisiana. These results may assist engineers, architects, and developers as they strive to enhance the resilience of buildings and infrastructure to the multitude of environmental hazards in Louisiana.

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