Blockchain technology for the industrial Internet of Things: A comprehensive survey on security challenges, architectures, applications, and future research directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Latif ◽  
Zeba Idrees ◽  
Zil e Huma ◽  
Jawad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Future Research Directions

scholarly journals Recent Technologies, Security Countermeasure and Ongoing Challenges of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): A Survey

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6647
Author(s):  
Soo Fun Tan ◽  
Azman Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Privacy Issues

The inherent complexities of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) architecture make its security and privacy issues becoming critically challenging. Numerous surveys have been published to review IoT security issues and challenges. The studies gave a general overview of IIoT security threats or a detailed analysis that explicitly focuses on specific technologies. However, recent studies fail to analyze the gap between security requirements of these technologies and their deployed countermeasure in the industry recently. Whether recent industry countermeasure is still adequate to address the security challenges of IIoT environment are questionable. This article presents a comprehensive survey of IIoT security and provides insight into today’s industry countermeasure, current research proposals and ongoing challenges. We classify IIoT technologies into the four-layer security architecture, examine the deployed countermeasure based on CIA+ security requirements, report the deficiencies of today’s countermeasure, and highlight the remaining open issues and challenges. As no single solution can fix the entire IIoT ecosystem, IIoT security architecture with a higher abstraction level using the bottom-up approach is needed. Moving towards a data-centric approach that assures data protection whenever and wherever it goes could potentially solve the challenges of industry deployment.

scholarly journals Biometrics for Internet-of-Things Security: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6163
Author(s):  
Wencheng Yang ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Nor Masri Sahri ◽  
Nickson M. Karie ◽  
Mohiuddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Iot Security ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Art Research

The large number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices that need interaction between smart devices and consumers makes security critical to an IoT environment. Biometrics offers an interesting window of opportunity to improve the usability and security of IoT and can play a significant role in securing a wide range of emerging IoT devices to address security challenges. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive survey on the current biometrics research in IoT security, especially focusing on two important aspects, authentication and encryption. Regarding authentication, contemporary biometric-based authentication systems for IoT are discussed and classified based on different biometric traits and the number of biometric traits employed in the system. As for encryption, biometric-cryptographic systems, which integrate biometrics with cryptography and take advantage of both to provide enhanced security for IoT, are thoroughly reviewed and discussed. Moreover, challenges arising from applying biometrics to IoT and potential solutions are identified and analyzed. With an insight into the state-of-the-art research in biometrics for IoT security, this review paper helps advance the study in the field and assists researchers in gaining a good understanding of forward-looking issues and future research directions.

scholarly journals Deep Learning for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): A Comprehensive Survey of Techniques, Implementation Frameworks, Potential Applications, and Future Directions

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7518
Author(s):  
Shahid Latif ◽  
Maha Driss ◽  
Wadii Boulila ◽  
Zil e Huma ◽  
Sajjad Shaukat Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to the use of smart sensors, actuators, fast communication protocols, and efficient cybersecurity mechanisms to improve industrial processes and applications. In large industrial networks, smart devices generate large amounts of data, and thus IIoT frameworks require intelligent, robust techniques for big data analysis. Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) techniques produce promising results in IIoT networks due to their intelligent learning and processing capabilities. This survey article assesses the potential of DL in IIoT applications and presents a brief architecture of IIoT with key enabling technologies. Several well-known DL algorithms are then discussed along with their theoretical backgrounds and several software and hardware frameworks for DL implementations. Potential deployments of DL techniques in IIoT applications are briefly discussed. Finally, this survey highlights significant challenges and future directions for future research endeavors.

MetaLearning with Graph Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Debmalya Mandal ◽  
Sourav Medya ◽  
Brian Uzzi ◽  
Charu Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Graph Problems ◽  
Meta Learning ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Graph Neural Networks

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), a generalization of deep neural networks on graph data have been widely used in various domains, ranging from drug discovery to recommender systems. However, GNNs on such applications are limited when there are few available samples. Meta-learning has been an important framework to address the lack of samples in machine learning, and in recent years, researchers have started to apply meta-learning to GNNs. In this work, we provide a comprehensive survey of different metalearning approaches involving GNNs on various graph problems showing the power of using these two approaches together. We categorize the literature based on proposed architectures, shared representations, and applications. Finally, we discuss several exciting future research directions and open problems.

scholarly journals The Unified Theory Acceptance and Use of Technology in the Industrial Internet of Things Era: A Conceptual Framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nugroho Ridhwan ◽  
Edi Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Hofstede’S Cultural Dimensions

The purpose of this article is to build a conceptual framework based on literature review that will be tested in future research related to Digital Business. The results of the literature review allow for the construction of hypotheses into a conceptual framework. Furthermore, the study assesses the influence of performance expectations, efforts expectations and social influence on behavioral intention and usage behavior by modifying Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. The conceptual framework will be tested among Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) users for future research in Indonesia. Keywords: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, behavioral intention, use behavior, UTAUT, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, Industrial IoT

scholarly journals Carpooling in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: Current Solutions and Future Directions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farkhanda Zafar ◽  
Hasan Ali Khattak ◽  
Moayad Aloqaily ◽  
Rasheed Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Future Research Directions

Owing to the advancements in communication and computation technologies, the dream of commercialized connected and autonomous cars is becoming a reality. However, among other challenges such as environmental pollution, cost, maintenance, security, and privacy, the ownership of vehicles (especially for Autonomous Vehicles (AV)) is the major obstacle in the realization of this technology at the commercial level. Furthermore, the business model of pay-as-you-go type services further attracts the consumer because there is no need for upfront investment. In this vein, the idea of car-sharing ( aka carpooling) is getting ground due to, at least in part, its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and affordable choice of transportation. Carpooling systems are still in their infancy and face challenges such as scheduling, matching passengers interests, business model, security, privacy, and communication. To date, a plethora of research work has already been done covering different aspects of carpooling services (ranging from applications to communication and technologies); however, there is still a lack of a holistic, comprehensive survey that can be a one-stop-shop for the researchers in this area to, i) find all the relevant information, and ii) identify the future research directions. To fill these research challenges, this paper provides a comprehensive survey on carpooling in autonomous and connected vehicles and covers architecture, components, and solutions, including scheduling, matching, mobility, pricing models of carpooling. We also discuss the current challenges in carpooling and identify future research directions. This survey is aimed to spur further discussion among the research community for the effective realization of carpooling.

State of the Art and Key Design Challenges of Telesurgical Robotics

2019 ◽  
pp. 1100-1111
Author(s):  
Sajid Nisar ◽  
Osman Hasan
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Surgical System ◽  
Surgical Operations ◽  
Design Challenges

Telesurgical robotic systems allow surgeons to perform surgical operations from remote locations with enhanced comfort and dexterity. Introduction of robotic technology has revolutionized operation theaters but its multidisciplinary nature and high associated costs pose significant challenges. This chapter provides a comprehensive survey of the current progress in the field of surgical robotics with a detailed discussion on various state-of-the-art telesurgical robotic systems. The key design approaches and challenges are identified, and their solutions are recommended. A set of parameters that can be used to assess usefulness of a telesurgical robot are discussed. Finally, guidelines for selection of a suitable surgical system and the future research directions are described.

Secure Electronic Voting with Cryptography

Cyber Crime ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 918-935
Author(s):  
Xunhua Wang ◽  
Ralph Grove ◽  
M. Hossain Heydari
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Voting Scheme ◽  
Threshold Decryption

In recent years, computer and network-based voting technologies have been gradually adopted for various elections. However, due to the fragile nature of electronic ballots and voting software, computer voting has posed serious security challenges. This chapter studies the security of computer voting and focuses on a cryptographic solution based on mix-nets. Like traditional voting systems, mix-net-based computer voting provides voter privacy and prevents vote selling/buying and vote coercion. Unlike traditional voting systems, mix-net-based computer voting has several additional advantages: 1) it offers vote verifiability, allowing individual voters to directly verify whether their votes have been counted and counted correctly; 2) it allows voters to check the behavior of potentially malicious computer voting machines and thus does not require voters to blindly trust computer voting machines. In this chapter, we give the full details of the building blocks for the mix-net-based computer voting scheme, including semantically secure encryption, threshold decryption, mix-net, and robust mix-net. Future research directions on secure electronic voting are also discussed.

Blockchain for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Rinki Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Manufacturing Applications ◽  
Decentralized Architecture

Over the years, the industrial and manufacturing applications have become highly connected and automated. The incorporation of interconnected smart sensors, actuators, instruments, and other devices helps in establishing higher reliability and efficiency in the industrial and manufacturing process. This has given rise to the industrial internet of things (IIoT). Since IIoT components are scattered all over the network, real-time authenticity of the IIoT activities becomes essential. Blockchain technology is being considered by the researchers as the decentralized architecture to securely process the IIoT transactions. However, there are challenges involved in effective implementation of blockchain in IIoT. This chapter presents the importance of blockchain in IIoT paradigm, its role in different IIoT applications, challenges involved, possible solutions to overcome the challenges and open research issues.

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