Genetic factors increasing barley grain yields under soil waterlogging

Ross, S. M., King, J. R., Williams, C. M., Strydhorst, S. M., Olson, M. A., Hoy, C. F. and Lopetinsky, K. J. 2015. The effects of three pulse crops on a second subsequent crop. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 779–786. Pulse crops can provide benefits to cropping systems, but few studies follow the effects beyond one subsequent crop. This study investigated the effects of three pulses on 2 yr of subsequent crops at Barrhead and St. Albert in central Alberta. In year 1 (YR1), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and canola (Brassica napus L.) were grown without added N. The design included plus N controls, eight different crops in YR2, and barley in YR3. YR1 effects on YR3 barley varied between sites and years, and drought conditions in 2009 affected results. Effects of YR1 faba bean were greater than pea or lupin. Increases in YR3 barley grain yields averaged 11% (0.33 Mg ha–1) and increases in seed N yields averaged 11% (7.2 kg N ha–1) after YR1 faba bean, compared with after YR1 canola or barley without added N (BCO). Increases in YR3 barley grain yields and seed N yields averaged 3 to 5% after YR1 pea or lupin, compared with BCO.YR1 crops had few effects on YR3 barley P uptake. Results indicated that pulse crops can improve the yield and quality of a second subsequent crop.

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Effect of soil acidity on barley production in the south-west of Western Australia. 2. Cereal genotypes and their response to lime

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9910811 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 811 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

PJ Dolling ◽

WM Porter ◽

AD Robson

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Al Toxicity ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Lime Application ◽

Barley Genotypes ◽

Extractable Al

The effect of aluminium (Al) toxicity of either surface or subsurface soil on the growth of barley, and the potential for variation in response to soil acidity among agronomically adapted Australian barley genotypes, were examined at 13 sites. The effect of Al toxicity was investigated by plant analysis, using 3-5 lime application rates and Al-tolerant species (wheat, triticale), as well as barley. All cereals were supplied with complete nutrients. To measure the potential for response variation, grain yields of 14 genotypes of barley, relative to cv. Stirling, were related to soil pH at 7 sites. Grain yield of barley was increased 9-30% at 6 sites, by lime application alleviating A1 toxicity. The yield of triticale and wheat cv. Aroona was not increased by lime application at any site. There was some indication that subsurface acidity may be reducing the grain yield of barley at sites with CaCl2-extractable Al concentrations of 23-4 mg/g in the A2 horizon. Some barley genotypes appeared to be more tolerant than Stirling to soil acidity. Aluminium toxicity appears to be reducing barley grain yields by more than 10% at surface soil pH <4.5 (0.01 mol CaCl2/L), or when CaCl2-extractable Al is >3-4 mg/g. CaCl2-extractable A1 in the surface soil was not a better indicator of Al toxicity than soil pH.

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The effect of the previous crop and differentiated fertilisation on yields and content of N-substances in spring barley grain

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200957050141 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 141-148

Author(s):

Luděk Hřivna ◽

Rostislav Richter ◽

Pavel Ryant ◽

Michal Příkopa

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Strong Correlation ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Previous Crop ◽

Small Plot

In small-plot experiments established in 2001–2004 we studied the effect of the chemical composition of the plant dry matter of spring barley, varieties Kompakt and Jersey, on grain yields. A relatively strong correlation was confirmed between the chemical composition of the plant dry matter and yields. The correlation was most intensive in the case of nitrogen (r = 0.536), phosphorus (r = 0.503), magnesium (r = 0.464) and sulphur (r = 0.431) at the beginning of shooting (DC 30); in the case of potassium (r = 0.557) at the beginning of tillering (DC 23) and calcium (r = 0.530) during ear formation (DC 55). A relatively strong correlation remained from the beginning of tillering to the beginning of ear formation and later decreased. The weather conditions of the year and variety significantly affected grain yields and also the previous crop was important. Grain yields of the variety Kompakt were statistically significantly lower than of the variety Jersey (6.02 t . ha−1 and 6.45 t . ha−1, respectively). The yields of barley grown after sugar-beet were the highest (6.30–6.79 t . ha−1); the grain yields of barley after maize decreased by 9.1–9.7 %. Higher grain yields of the Jersey variety resulted in levels of N-substances (11.35 %) lower than in the Kompakt variety (11.35 % and 11.60 %, resp.). No correlation was discovered between the nitrogen level in the plant dry matter during vegetation and the content of N-substances in barley grain.

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The effects of cattle slurry and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of spring barley

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600055362 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 283-289

Author(s):

B. F. Pain ◽

S. J. Richardsonf ◽

Rosemary J. Fulford

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Field Plots

SummaryIn experiments over 3 years (1974–6) cow slurry in the range 0–112·5 t/ha and ammonium nitrate in the range 0–120 kg N/ha were applied to field plots factorially to test the effects on the yield and quality of spring barley grain.In 1974 slurry application markedly improved the grain yield (cv. Golden Promise) at each rate of inorganic N and increased grain size. Applying N fertilizer with more than 37·5 t slurry/ha reduced grain yield below the maximum. Grain with the highest crude protein content (15·1 %) was obtained from a combination of slurry and inorganic N. The residual effects of the slurry treatments gave satisfactory grain yields in 1975 without additional fertilizer.Grain yields (cvs Julia and Abacus) in other experiments carried out on a different soil type in 1975 and 1976 were approximately half those obtained in 1974, due in part to drought conditions. The pattern of the results was similar. Heaviest grain yields were harvested from plots receiving 70 t slurry/ha with no additional N.

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Mineral content of grain yield of cereals and the effect of fertilization on it

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.71883 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 264-270

Author(s):

Yrjö Pessi ◽

Jorma Syvälahti ◽

Esko Saari ◽

Mikko Ylänen

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Yield Level ◽

Cereal Grain ◽

Npk Fertilization

This investigation examines the mineral content of cereal grain yields and the effect of NPK-fertilization on this content. The NPK-fertilization and the increased yield level thus obtained have not essentially affected the mineral contents of cereal grain. Among different kinds of cereals the mineral content of oats is in most cases the highest and that of rye and winter wheat the lowest. None of the different kinds of fertilizers gave clear differences in the mineral content of barley grain.

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Barley yield and nutrient uptake in rotation after perennial forages in the semiarid prairie region of Saskatchewan

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2013-069 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 809-816 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. G. Jefferson ◽

F. Selles ◽

R. P. Zentner ◽

R. Lemke ◽

R. B. Muri

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

N Uptake ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Grass Species ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽

Brown Soil ◽

Soil Zone ◽

Slender Wheatgrass

Jefferson, P. G., Selles, F., Zentner, R. P., Lemke, R. and Muri, R. B. 2013. Barley yield and nutrient uptake in rotation after perennial forages in the semiarid prairie region of Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 809–816. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most common perennial forage legume grown for hay and pasture in the semiarid Brown soil zone of the Canadian prairies. Perennial forages often are not recommended for inclusion in annual crop rotations due to lower grain yields and drier soils following forage stand termination, but this is based on research results from 50 yr ago. Three replicated experiments consisting of three grasses [slender wheatgrass (Elymus tracycaulus), intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia), and Dahurian wildrye (Elymus dahuricus)] grown in monoculture and in mixture with two alfalfa varieties (cv. Beaver or cv. Nitro) were terminated and seeded to barley (Hordeum vulgare ‘Harrington’) for 2 consecutive crop years at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Soil water content was lower after the alfalfa–grass mixtures compared with the grass monocultures, even during a wet growing season. Barley yield and N concentration in the grain were significantly greater following Beaver alfalfa/grass mixture compared with grass monoculture in 3 and 4 of 6 site years, respectively. N uptake by the barley crop (grain and straw) was also significantly greater following Beaver alfalfa/grass mixture than following grass monoculture in all 6 yr. Both barley grain yield and N uptake after intermediate wheatgrass (grown in monoculture) were lower than after Dahurian wildrye or slender wheatgrass in 3 of 6 yr. The use of alfalfa and a short-lived grass species in hay and pasture mixtures in the Brown soil zone when grown in rotation with annual crops may indeed result in lower grain yields in the short term than continuous annual cropping systems, but the inclusion of alfalfa will provide a N benefit to the subsequent grain crop thereby enhancing yield and possibly its market value.

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Adaptation to Early-Season Soil Waterlogging Using Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Practices and Corn Hybrids

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10030378 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 378 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gurpreet Kaur ◽

Kelly A. Nelson ◽

Peter P. Motavalli ◽

Gurbir Singh

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Early Spring ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Soil Waterlogging ◽

Coated Urea ◽

Polymer Coated Urea ◽

The Impact

Excessive rainfall occurring in the early spring season in the Midwestern United States result in waterlogged soils contributing to corn production losses. The objective of our study is to evaluate the impact of soil waterlogging [non-waterlogged or waterlogged for 7 days when corn was at V3 growth stage (corn plant having three fully developed leaves with collar visible)], different pre-plant nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources and post-waterlogging rescue N fertilizer on grain and silage yield of two commercially available corn hybrids with different flood tolerance. Pre-plant N fertilizer was applied at 168 kg N ha−1. Nitrogen sources were a non-treated control (CO), polymer coated urea (PCU), urea (NCU), and urea plus Instinct (NCU + NI). A post-waterlogging rescue N fertilizer was applied at V7 as 0 or 83 kg N ha−1 of urea plus N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) (NCU + UI). Waterlogging decreased grain and silage yields in different years; however, significant interactions were observed among treatments. Rescue N applications increased grain yields by 6–46% in non-waterlogged treatments, but not in waterlogged treatments. The PCU and NCU + NI increased grain yields compared to the CO. Pre-plant N sources showed no significant differences in grain yield, probably due to existing environmental conditions or incorporation of fertilizer. The N source, application method, and timing for post-waterlogging rescue N application and flood-tolerant corn hybrids needs further investigation in poorly-drained claypan soils prone to waterlogging under a changing climate.

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YIELD VARIABILITY OF GRAIN CROP VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE STEPPE ZONE OF WESTERN SIBERIA

Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science ◽

10.26898/0370-8799-2018-3-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 14-20

Author(s):

S. V. Kurkova ◽

N. A. Bereberdin

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Early Variety ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Crop Varieties ◽

Early Ripening

The work presents the results of research into the yield and quality of grain obtained from crop varieties of different maturity types, namely spring common wheat varieties (mid-early Pamyati Aziyeva, mid-late Baganskaya 95 and Omskaya 28), spring barley (early-ripening Bagan, mid-ripening Acha and Signal) and spring oats (early-ripening Krasnoobsky, mid-ripening SIG, mid-late Ural 2). The study was conducted in the conditions of the steppe zone of Western Siberia (North Kulunda), the climate of which is extremely continental, and is characterized by signifi cant variability of agrometeorological conditions of the vegetation period by years and a drought during the fi rst half of summer. It was established that sowing of midripening and mid-late varieties of wheat and barley resulted in the increase of the grain yield by 0.47-1.07 t/ha or by 24-30%, compared with the more early-ripening varieties. Among various biotypes of oats, the highest yields of grain were formed by sowing of the mid-ripening variety, which was by 0.60-0.87 t/ha or 19-30% higher than the early and mid-late varieties, whereas the highest yield of green mass was achieved by sowing of the mid-late variety. All varieties of barley, oats and mid-early wheat were characterized by signifi cant variability in grain yields by years (with coeffi cient of variation being 24-38%), while midlate varieties of wheat were characterized by medium or small variability in grain yields (coeffi cient of variation being 3-12%). The content of crude gluten in the grain of wheat varieties varied considerably depending on agrometeorological conditions (coeffi cient of variation being 20-25%). On average, over the years of research, the highest content of gluten (34.0%) was in the grain of the mid-early variety Pamyati Aziyeva, the lowest content (27.4%) was in the mid-late Baganskaya 95. The maximum amount of crude gluten in the wheat grain (33.6-40.0%) was observed in the dry year, the minimum (19.9-26.4%) was in the year with favorable humidity. The content of crude protein in the barley grain varied in the experiment from 11.6 to 14.9% (coeffi cient of variation being 9-14%) and did not differ signifi cantly by varieties (12.5-12.9%). The greatest amount of crude protein in the grain of all varieties of barley (13.7-14.9%) was recorded in the dry year.

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