Distribution of b‐values in Indo‐Burma Ranges , northeast India: Implications to structural heterogeneities and style of faulting

Research findings consistently indentified the importance of inbound tourists shopping activities as contributor to local economy. This paper analyses the shopping expenditure of domestic tourists in the Northeast India. Previous studies show the associations of tourists trip typologies and demographic profiles, particularly, of the international tourists with shopping expenditures. A study was carried out in 2011 by employing a convenient method of sampling survey in Northeastern region of India comprising seven sister states to examine the association of trip typology, marital status and gender of domestic tourists with expenditure on shopping. The results indicate probable association of shopping expenditure with trip typology and gender while marital status does not seem to influence expenditure on shopping. Among tourists of different typologies, Rural and culture tourists scaled high reflecting maximum expenditure on shopping while Nature and parks tourists as well as Active outdoor tourists incurred least on shopping. Gender-wise segmentation indicates female tourists as high spender than male counterparts. It is advisable to retailers in destination areas to orient their products offerings attractive to the female tourists visiting to enjoy rural & cultural tourists and also those come with family members for leisure purposes.

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Northeast India as an Indigenous Centre for the Domestication of Plants and Animals

10.1093/oso/9780199474660.003.0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Manjil Hazarika

Keyword(s):

South Asian ◽

Close Association ◽

Northeast India ◽

Indian Culture ◽

Rice Agriculture ◽

Animal Domestication ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Diverse Cultures

Northeast India is situated at the nexus of the South Asian, Southeast Asian, and East Asian biogeographical realms and harbours diverse biota, providing a unique opportunity to archaeologists and anthropologists for the study of the relationship between humans and their environment over the ages. Moreover, this region, the abode of diverse ethnic groups with diverse cultures and customs, hints at a long history of continuous and close association between humans and nature, which is important in the understanding of plant and animal domestication. Genetic analysis of present-day domesticates with their wild counterparts provides valuable insights into their differentiation, time of domestication, and changes in their morphological traits through control by humans. The chapter also elucidates the role played by rice in Northeast Indian culture and highlights the long-term history of rice agriculture in the region.

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The Archaeological Record

10.1093/oso/9780199474660.003.0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Manjil Hazarika

Keyword(s):

Archaeological Site ◽

Northeast India ◽

Site Formation ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Site Formation Processes ◽

Formation Processes ◽

Site Structure ◽

Reserve Forest ◽

Ethnographic Data ◽

Ways Of Life

This chapter elaborates the data and results of the explorations conducted in the Garbhanga Reserve Forest. The area has been intensively surveyed for the location of potential archaeological sites and the collection of ethnographic data in order to draw direct historical analogies. An ‘area-approach’ study has been conducted in order to formulate a general model for archaeological site structure, locations, geomorphic situations, and site formation processes that can be used for archaeological study in the hilly landscape of Northeast India. Present-day agricultural implements have been analysed and compared with Neolithic implements in order to reconstruct ancient farming culture by way of undertaking systematic study of modern peasant ways of life in the study area. The ideological significance of stone artefacts as ‘thunderstone’ in Northeast India and among the Karbis has also been discussed.

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Integrated slice-specific dynamic shimming diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for rectal Cancer detection and characterization

Cancer Imaging ◽

10.1186/s40644-021-00403-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jianxing Qiu ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Zhongxu Bi ◽

Xiaowei Sun ◽

Xin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rectal Cancer ◽

Image Quality ◽

Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽

Rectal Tumor ◽

B Values ◽

Primary Rectal Cancer ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Adc Values ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Purpose To compare integrated slice-specific dynamic shimming (iShim) diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and single-shot echo-planar imaging (SS-EPI) DWI in image quality and pathological characterization of rectal cancer. Materials and methods A total of 193 consecutive rectal tumor patients were enrolled for retrospective analysis. Among them, 101 patients underwent iShim-DWI (b = 0, 800, and 1600 s/mm2) and 92 patients underwent SS-EPI-DWI (b = 0, and 1000 s/mm2). Qualitative analyses of both DWI techniques was performed by two independent readers; including adequate fat suppression, the presence of artifacts and image quality. Quantitative analysis was performed by calculating standard deviation (SD) of the gluteus maximus, signal intensity (SI) of lesion and residual normal rectal wall, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (generated by b values of 0, 800 and 1600 s/mm2 for iShim-DWI, and by b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2 for SS-EPI-DWI) and image quality parameters, such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of primary rectal tumor. For the primary rectal cancer, two pathological groups were divided according to pathological results: Group 1 (well-differentiated) and Group 2 (poorly differentiated). Statistical analyses were performed with p < 0.05 as significant difference. Results Compared with SS-EPI-DWI, significantly higher scores of image quality were obtained in iShim-DWI cases (P < 0.001). The SDbackground was significantly reduced on b = 1600 s/mm2 images and ADC maps of iShim-DWI. Both SNR and CNR of b = 800 s/mm2 and b = 1600 s/mm2 images in iShim-DWI were higher than those of b = 1000 s/mm2 images in SS-EPI-DWI. In primary rectal cancer of iShim-DWI cohort, SIlesion was significantly higher than SIrectum in both b = 800 and 1600 s/mm2 images. ADC values were significantly lower in Group 2 (0.732 ± 0.08) × 10− 3 mm2/s) than those in Group 1 ((0.912 ± 0.21) × 10− 3 mm2/s). ROC analyses showed significance of ADC values and SIlesion between the two groups. Conclusion iShim-DWI with b values of 0, 800 and 1600 s/mm2 is a promising technique of high image quality in rectal tumor imaging, and has potential ability to differentiate rectal cancer from normal wall and predicting pathological characterization.

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Antidiabetic and antiulcerative potential of Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. bark

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43094-020-00101-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nilutpal Sharma Bora ◽

Partha Sarathi Bairy ◽

Abdus Salam ◽

Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Northeast India ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Antiulcer Activity ◽

Dose Dependent

Abstract Background Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. has been used by many ethnic communities of Northeast India to mitigate various disorders like dyspepsia, ulcers, diabetes, etc. However, a robust scientific study on its antidiabetic and antiulcer potential is unavailable till date. The aim of this present study is to scientifically validate if the antidiabetic and antiulcer effects reported by the ethnic tribes of Assam has any scientific value or not. The effects were tested in adult Wistar albino rats using approved animal models for preclinical testing of pharmacological activities. Results The hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. was prepared and its LD50 was calculated. The LD50 was determined to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. The extract at doses of 250 mg/kg body weight and 500 mg/kg body weight was found to exhibit a very potent dose-dependent antidiabetic activity. The results were backed by a battery of test including analysis of serum levels of blood glucose, lipid profiles, in vivo antioxidant enzymes, and histopathological studies. Evidence of dose-dependent antiulcer activity of the extract was backed by robust scientific data. It was found that HAEGL induced a significant dose-dependent increase in the ulcer index in both alcohol-induced and acetic acid-induced ulcer models, which was evident from the macroscopic observation of the inner lining of the gastric mucosa and the histological evaluation of the extracted stomach. Conclusion The results suggested that the bark of Garcinia lanceifolia (Roxb.) has significant antidiabetic and antiulcer potential. Further studies with respect to the development herbal dosage forms and its safety evaluation are required.

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