ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BAUHINIA TOMENTOSA LINN. LEAVES

The leaves of Bauhinia tomentosa Linn are used traditionally in the treatment of gastric ulcer. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of ethanolic extract of Bauhinia tomentosa Linn. Leaves for antiulcer effect in pylorus ligated rats. The extract showed antiulcer activity by pyloric ligated model in albino rats. The results revealed significant reduction is total acidity and the ulceration.

Evaluation of the Anti-ulcer Effect of Extra Virgin Avocado (Persea americana) Oil in Rats

Peptic ulcer disease is a gastrointestinal disorder of high mortality and morbidity. Therapy of this disease condition with conventional drugs presents therapeutic challenge due to incidents of unwanted side effects, and the high cost of these medications. The use of products from natural sources will provide useful alternatives due to their minimal side effects, being inexpensive, and readily available, especially in resource-challenged nations of the continent of Africa and other developing economies. Oils derived from plants are increasingly being used in management of several disease conditions. This study aims at evaluating the antiulcer activity of extra virgin avocado oil in rodents using ethanol-induced, and indomethacin-induced ulcer models. Test group was given extra virgin avocado oil (1ml per 250g weight) for 7 days before induction of ulcer. Positive controls received omeprazole 30 mg/kg, while negative control animals were given distilled water (10ml/kg) for 7 days respectively, before induction of ulcer. The stomachs were excised and their histopathological examinations carried out. Avocado oil significantly reduced the ulcer index in both models when compared to the negative control group, and histopathological findings corroborate that the oil ameliorates ulcerations in both models. The present study has demonstrated that extra virgin avocado oil possesses significant antiulcer activity.

Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer activity of Tephrosia purpurea Linn Pers Leaf Extract in Wistar Rats

India is known for its traditional medicinal system – Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. There are several references in our ancient literature about the miraculous curing properties of the plant-based drugs. “Rig Veda and Atharva veda” seems to be the earliest record of use of plant in the medicine. A stomach ulcer involves an erosion in a person’s gastrointestinal tract. ‘Peptic’ is derived from Greek word “Peptikos” who’s meaning is related to digestion. Peptic ulcer occurs in the part of the gastrointestinal track which is exposed to gastric acid and pepsin (i.e) the stomach and duodenum. The extract of Tephrosia purpurea flowers against viruses and is very good antibacterial against Gram +ve and Gram -ve strain. The Plant extract was prepared and the phytochemical analysis was performed. The extract was administered with animals. The drug were administered orally once daily for 2 days and 45 min prior to pyloric ligation. The animals are sacrificed after four hours of pylorus ligation. The result indicates that, Flavonoids and Tannins have shown to be present in the TPAL treated groups. Since flavanoids antagonize aggressive factor which play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of gastric lesion and also enhance defence factor to protect the gastric mucosa from injury. Flavanoids diminish histamine secretion from mast cell by inhibition of histidine decarboxylase and stimulate PG biosynthesis. So the antiulcer activity of TPAL may be attributed to its flavonoid content. The study concluded that TPAL has an anti ulcer activity which may be due to protection and the strengthening of the mucosal defensive factor like mucus, bicarbonate, prostaglandin.

GC-MS, FTIR and Antiulcer Screening of Aqueous Seed Extract and Oil of Nigella sativa in Wistar Rats

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenal mucosa. This study was aimed at evaluating the antiulcer activity of the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa (black seed) and its constitutents. The pharmacognostic properties of the dry seeds were determined. The seeds were extracted using two methods digestion and hydro-distillation. The acute toxicity, phytochemical constituents and the antiulcer evaluation were performed on ethanol-induced ulcer in wistar rats using a standard method. FTIR and GC-MS analysis of the aqueous seed extract was also determined using standard methods. Nigella sativa seed shows the presence of starch grains, lignified tissues, tannins, cellulose, protein and oil globules. The aqueous extract has a high safety margin. The phytochemical studies revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, fats and oil. The black seed aqueous and oil extract at 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the acidity, total acidity, and ulcer index, and pH of gastric content when compared with the positive control (Famotidine). The FTIR analysis identified the presence of the following functional groups chloro, ether, amine, carboxylic acid, nitriles, methylene, alcohol, while the GC-MS identified five compounds such as glycerin, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid-methyl ester, 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid and 9, 12-octadecadienoyl chloride. The pharmacognostic properties can act as a reliable tool for the standardization of the plant part. This study suggests that aqueous and oil extract possess antiulcer properties. Thus the aqueous and oil extract of black seed can be considered as antiulcer medication traditionally. Keywords: Nigella sativa, Black seed, Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Acute toxicity (LD50), Antiulcer.

Phytotherapy for Peptic-ulcer: An overview on important Indian herbal plants having flavonoid as antiulcer activity.

Peptic ulcers are described by erosions of the gastrointestinal mucosa that can reach the muscular layer. Peptic ulcers are a widespread health condition that affects millions of individuals and has a high recurrence rate. “No gastric acid, no peptic ulcer” is a flawed assumption. Excessive gastric acid secretion is only one factor in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. Their etiology is multifactorial and develops when the balance of offensive and protective components is disrupted. Its treatment faces great difficulties due to the limited effectiveness and severe side effects of the currently available drugs. Natural products such as herbal plants and their isolated compounds have been widely used in experimental models of peptic ulcers. Flavonoids strengthened defensive factors had cytoprotective and rehabilitative actions. Flavonoids are among the molecules of greatest interest in biological assays due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties. The present study is a literature review of herbal plants having flavonoid that have been reported to show peptic ulcer activity in experimental models using the divergent mechanism of action.

EVALUATION OF GASTROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF TEPHROSIA VILLOSA AGAINST EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ULCERS IN WISTAR RATS

Objective: The present research work was designed to investigate the gastroprotective potentials of methanol extract of Tephrosia villosa. Methods: The aerial parts of Tephrosia villosa were dried under shade, powdered and deffated with petroleum ether and then marc leftover was subjected to methanol extraction using soxhlet apparatus using soxh-let apparatus. Antiulcer activity of methanol extract was determined against stress-induced and aspirin-induced ulcers in experimental animal models. The total number of ulcers formed, ulcer index, percentage inhibition, ulcerated area, protected area, pH and Total acidity were parameters in the study. Results: Methanol extract of Tephrosia villosa at medium (200 mg/kg) and high (200 mg/kg) could significantly (P<0.01) reduced the total number of ulcers formed, ulcer index, ulcerated area and total acidity in therapeutic groups compared to vehicle control and thereby significantly (P<0.01) increased percentage inhibition of ulcers and protected area which was evident by the significant rise in pH of gastric content. The effect of extracts was dose-dependent and results were comparable to that of standard drug omeprazole. Conclusion: The results obtained from the present work suggest that the methanol extract of Tephrosia villosa possess significant anti-ulcer potentials against experimentally induced ulcers in albino rats.

A Study of Adsorption Dynamics of Biologically Active Plants

Alstonia scholaris is a biologically active and important Devil tree. The medicinal importance pharmacology importance in particulars antiulcer activity of Alstonic scholaris in albino rats were Analyzed and reported. The juice of Alstona scholaris to rats show a remarkable record with respect to ranitidine tablet (to cure ulcer). This result initiate the author to study chemo mimetic nature of plant material for the removal of heavy metal in synthetic solution also extended studies with modified Alstonia scholaris and Wrichitia Tinctoria. An adsorption of 96% in all the cases was observed. A linear correlation with R2 value of 0.977 was calculated from the linear plot of optical densities of Alstonia Scholaris and modified Alstonia Scholaris similar trend in adsorption was also noted. In the case of Wrightia Tinctoria instead of modified Alstonia Scholaris

Antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Capparis zeylanica against chemically induced ulcers

Background Peptic ulcer is the term which refers to acid peptic injury of the digestive tract, and it results in mucosal break reaching the submucosa. Leaves of Capparis zeylanica are used as counterirritant, rubefacient, as a cataplasm in piles, boils and swellings. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antiulcer activity of C. zeylanica ethanolic extract against chemically induced ulcers. The leaves were extracted with ethanol (50%) as solvent using hot perforation method. The extract was evaluated against acute and chronic ulcer models. Further, extract was evaluated for gastric autopsy of animals infected with Helicobacter pylori bacteria. The genes of rats were evaluated by gel electrophoresis method. Morphology of stomach was also studied after treatment with plant extract. Results Results exhibited that the area of ulcer was significantly reduced in both acute [naproxen-induced ulcer model (3.62 mm2), histamine-induced ulcer model (3.2 mm2) and ethanol-induced ulcer model (106.4 mm2)] and chronic [chronic naproxen-induced ulcer model (2.14 mm2), chronic histamine-induced ulcer model (0.16 mm2)]. The animals of naproxen-induced ulcer infected with H. pylori showed 91.48% reduction of ulcer area on 9th week after treatment with C. zeylanica extract (360 mg/kg). The rapid urease test and DNA observation revealed that no infection was present from 4th week after treatment with C. zeylanica extract (480 mg/kg). Morphological studies showed less conspicuous petechial marks and hemorrhages in stomach tissues after treatment with test drugs. Histopathological study revealed that C. zeylanica extract reduced stomach damages and eradicated H. pylori infections. Conclusion It can be concluded from the study that C. zeylanica possess antiulcer and anti-helicobacter activities.

Inhibitory Potentials of Ethanol Extract of Nymphaea nauchali against Experimentally Induced Ulcers in Wistar Rats

The current investigational work was designed to evaluate inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Nymphaea nauchali against experimentally induced ulcers in albino wistar rats. The aerial parts of Nymphaea nauchali were dried under shade, powdered and deffated with petroleum ether and then marc left over was subjected to ethanol extraction using soxhlet apparatus. Antiulcer activity of ethanol extract was determined against ethanol induced and aspirin induced ulcers in experimental animal models. The total number of ulcers formed, ulcer index, percentage inhibition, ulcerated area, protected area, pH and Total acidity were parameters in the study. The ethanol extract of Nymphaea nauchali have significantly reduced the total number of ulcers formed, ulcer index, ulcerated area and total acidity in therapeutic groups compare to vehicle control and there by significantly increased percentage inhibition of ulcers and protected area which was evident by significant rise in pH of gastric content. The effect of extracts was dose dependent and results were comparable to that of standard drug omeprazole. The results obtained from the present work suggest that the ethanol extract of Nymphaea nauchali possess significant anti-ulcer potentials against experimentally induced ulcers in albino rats.