The impact of using different costing methods on the results of an economic evaluation of cardiac care: microcosting vs gross-costing approaches

IntroductionCurrent treatment regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are long, poorly tolerated and have poor outcomes. Furthermore, the costs of treating MDR-TB are much greater than those for treating drug-susceptible TB, both for health service and patient-incurred costs. Urgent action is needed to identify short, effective, tolerable and cheaper treatments for people with both quinolone-susceptible and quinolone-resistant MDR-TB. We present the protocol for an economic evaluation (PRACTECAL-EE substudy) alongside an ongoing clinical trial (TB-PRACTECAL) aiming to assess the costs to patients and providers of new regimens, as well as their cost-effectiveness and impact on participant poverty levels. This substudy is based on data from the three countries participating in the main trial.Methods and analysisPrimary cost data will be collected from the provider and patient perspectives, following economic best practice. We will estimate the probability that new MDR-TB regimens containing bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid are cost-effective from a societal perspective as compared with the standard of care for MDR-TB patients in Uzbekistan, South Africa and Belarus. Analysis uses a Markov model populated with primary cost and outcome data collected at each study site. We will also estimate the impact of new regimens on prevalence of catastrophic patient costs due to TB.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and Médecins Sans Frontières. Local ethical approval will be sought in each study site. The results of the economic evaluation will be shared with the country health authorities and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04207112); Pre-results.

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Development of a Commercial Wireline Retrievable Coring System

SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering ◽

10.2118/52993-pa ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1 (06) ◽

pp. 489-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tommy Warren ◽

Jim Powers ◽

David Bode ◽

Eric Carre ◽

Lee Smith

Keyword(s):

Economic Evaluation ◽

Coalbed Methane ◽

Technical Conference ◽

The Core ◽

Core Recovery ◽

Drilling Equipment ◽

Original Manuscript ◽

The Impact ◽

Conventional Drilling ◽

Target Depth

This paper (SPE 52993) was revised for publication from paper SPE 36536, first presented at the 1996 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Denver, 6-9 October. Original manuscript received for review 11 October 1996. Revised manuscript received 22 September 1998. Paper peer approved 23 September 1998. Summary A Wireline retrievable coring system for use with conventional drilling equipment is described. The coring system was developed and tested for application in evaluating coalbed methane prospects where a large quantity of core is required, and it is essential that the core is processed soon after it is cut. A drill plug allows for alternation between coring and drilling without tripping the drillstring. The system is particularly advantageous for coring long intervals, multiple zones relatively close together, or when the exact target depth is unknown. The system has been used to core more than 4940 m (15,057 ft) in Poland, Germany, and France, with a combined core recovery of 94%. In addition, the impact of varying rig costs on total savings is factored into the overall economic evaluation of the system. P. 489

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The Impact of Coal and Biomass Co-Firing on the Economy of Power Plant Carbon Capture

Advances in Sciences and Engineering ◽

10.32732/ase.2020.12.2.67 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 67-77

Author(s):

Quan Zhuang ◽

Philip Geddis ◽

Bruce Clements

Keyword(s):

Economic Evaluation ◽

Power Plant ◽

Incremental Cost ◽

Co2 Capture ◽

Electricity Generation ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Lower Cost ◽

Study Results ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

A detailed economic evaluation was carried out to determine the impact of biomass and coal co-firing on power plant carbon capture by methods of plants equipment designing factors and performance, and the sum up of the associated breakdowns of CAPEX and OPEX. Based on the assumptions of the CO2 neutrality of biomass and likely governmental incentives to reduce CO2 emissions, the study results show that biomass and coal co-firing would result in both lower cost of carbon avoided (carbon capture) and lower incremental cost of electricity generation when MEA solvent carbon capture is applied. Two scenarios for co-firing with carbon capture, 30% biomass blending and 90% or 60% CO2 capture from stack, indicate different preference depending on lower or higher incentives.

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Economic evaluation of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in combination with dexamethasone for the prevention of ‘overall’ nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy in Chinese adult patients

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/1078155216652212 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 403-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qiong Du ◽

Qing Zhai ◽

Bin Zhu ◽

Xiao-Le Xu ◽

Bo Yu

Keyword(s):

Economic Evaluation ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Emetogenic Chemotherapy ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Nausea And Vomiting ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy ◽

Chinese Adult ◽

Cost Effective Treatment ◽

The Impact

Background Two pivotal Phase III trials compared the efficacy of palonosetron, ondansetron and granisetron, combined with dexamethasone, for the prevention of nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy. However, an economic evaluation of these three regimens in the real-world setting of Chinese adult patients has not been determined. Objectives To estimate, from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system, which of these frequently used strategies consisting of 0.25 mg palonosetron (0.25P), 16 mg ondansetron (Onda), and 3 mg granisetron (Gran), is the most cost-effective option in patients following highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Methods A Markov decision-analytic model was developed. The health and economic outcomes of the three strategies; 0.25P, Onda, and Gran were investigated. The clinical and utility data were taken from published studies. The cost data were calculated according to current local Chinese practices. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the impact of uncertainty regarding the results. Results The base-case analysis showed that the 0.25P strategy yielded maximum health benefits compared with the other two strategies. However, the probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the Gran strategy was the most cost-effective approach when the willingness-to-pay threshold was not more than US$22,515/quality-adjusted life year. Moreover, palonosetron is not cost-effective in preventing ‘overall’ nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy in Chinese patients. Conclusions Our analysis suggests that, compared with palonosetron and ondansetron, 3 mg granisetron may be a cost-effective treatment option in the current Chinese healthcare setting.

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Cost-effectiveness of conditional cash transfers to retain women in the continuum of care during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period: protocol for an economic evaluation of the Afya trial in Kenya

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032161 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e032161

Author(s):

Neha Batura ◽

Jolene Skordis ◽

Tom Palmer ◽

Aloyce Odiambo ◽

Andrew Copas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Evaluation ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Care Facility ◽

Continuum Of Care ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Cash Transfers ◽

Conditional Cash Transfers ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

The Impact ◽

The Continuum

IntroductionA wealth of evidence from a range of country settings indicates that antenatal care, facility delivery and postnatal care can reduce maternal and child mortality and morbidity in high-burden settings. However, the utilisation of these services by pregnant women, particularly in low/middle-income country settings, is well below that recommended by the WHO. The Afya trial aims to assess the impact, cost-effectiveness and scalability of conditional cash transfers to promote increased utilisation of these services in rural Kenya and thus retain women in the continuum of care during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period. This protocol describes the planned economic evaluation of the Afya trial.Methods and analysisThe economic evaluation will be conducted from the provider perspective as a within-trial analysis to evaluate the incremental costs and health outcomes of the cash transfer programme compared with the status quo. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios will be presented along with a cost-consequence analysis where the incremental costs and all statistically significant outcomes will be listed separately. Sensitivity analyses will be undertaken to explore uncertainty and to ensure that results are robust. A fiscal space assessment will explore the affordability of the intervention. In addition, an analysis of equity impact of the intervention will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethics approval from the Maseno University Ethics Review Committee, REF MSU/DRPI/MUERC/00294/16. The results of the economic evaluation will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant international conference.Trial registration numberNCT03021070

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An Economic Evaluation of a Multi-Area Recreation System

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s0081305200024821 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 51-55

Author(s):

Michael E. Wetzstein

Keyword(s):

Economic Evaluation ◽

The Impact

Researchers as well as planners have been concerned with the impact of augmenting an existing recreation system with new recreational areas. That is, they are concerned with the substitution or duplication of services stemming from additional numbers of recreational areas.

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Economic evaluation of ‘Men on the Move’, a ‘real world’ community-based physical activity programme for men

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa152 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Liam Kelly ◽

Michael Harrison ◽

Noel Richardson ◽

Paula Carroll ◽

Tom Egan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Economic Evaluation ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Health Improvement ◽

Community Based ◽

Life Years ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) interventions capable of producing health benefits cost effectively are a public health priority across the Western world. ‘Men on the Move’ (MOM), a community-based PA intervention for men, demonstrated significant health benefits up to 52-weeks (W) post-baseline. This article details the economic evaluation of MOM with a view to determining its cost-effectiveness as a public health intervention to be rolled out nationally in Ireland. Methods Cost-effectiveness was determined by comparing the costs (direct and indirect) of the programme to its benefits, which were captured as the impact on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). For the benefits, cost–utility analysis was conducted by retrospectively adapting various health-related measures of participants to generate health states using Brazier et al.’s (2002) short form-6D algorithm. This in turn allowed for ‘utility measures’ to be generated, from which QALYs were derived. Results Findings show MOM to be cost-effective in supporting an ‘at risk’ cohort of men achieves significant improvements in aerobic fitness, weight loss and waist reduction. The total cost per participant (€125.82 for each of the 501 intervention participants), the QALYs gained (11.98 post-12-W intervention, or 5.3% health improvement per participant) and estimated QALYs ratio costs of €3723 represents a cost-effective improvement when compared to known QALY guidelines. Conclusions The analysis shows that the cost per QALY achieved by MOM is significantly less than the existing benchmarks of £20 000 and €45 000 in the UK and Ireland respectively, demonstrating MOM to be cost-effective.

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