Measuring income related inequality in health: standardisation and the partial concentration index

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 803-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Gravelle
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Related Inequality ◽  
Income Related Inequality ◽  
Inequality In Health ◽  
Partial Concentration

scholarly journals The effect of social participation on income-related inequality in health outcome among Chinese older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Sun ◽  
Xiaoyin Lyu ◽  
Shoujun Lyu ◽  
Rui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcome ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Related Inequality ◽  
Income Related Inequality ◽  
Inequality In Health ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of social participation on income-related inequality in health outcome among older adults in China. Methods The panel data used in this study were sourced from the 2011 and 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Furthermore, this study employed a concentration index to assess the income-related inequality in health outcome. Moreover, this study used the decomposition method of concentration index to analyse the effect of social participation on income-related inequality in health outcome. Results The total concentration index of Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) status decreased from 0.0257 in 2011 to 0.0172 in 2014. Furthermore, the total concentration index of psychological health decreased from 0.0309 in 2011 to 0.0269 in 2014. The decomposition analysis indicates that social participation made a major contribution to the pro-rich inequality in IADL status. Moreover, the results also indicate that social participation made a minor contribution to the pro-rich inequality in psychological health. Conclusions This study demonstrated that overall there were pro-rich inequalities in IADL status and psychological health among older adults in China. Moreover, social participation made a major contribution to the pro-rich inequality in IADL status, while it made a minor contribution to the pro-rich inequality in psychological health.

Income-related inequality in mental health in Britain: the concentration index approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSHNI MANGALORE ◽  
MARTIN KNAPP ◽  
RACHEL JENKINS
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Demographic Composition ◽  
Related Inequality ◽  
Income Related Inequality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Background. Reduction of health inequalities is a major policy goal in the UK. While there is general recognition of the disadvantaged position of people with mental health problems, the extent of inequality, particularly the association with socio-economic characteristics, has not been widely studied. We aimed to measure income-related inequality in the distribution of psychiatric disorders and to compare with inequality in other health domains.Method. The concentration index (CI) approach was used to examine income-related inequality in mental health using data from the Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2000 for Britain.Results. There is marked inequality unfavourable to lower income groups with respect to mental health disorders. The extent of inequality increases with the severity of problems, with the greatest inequality observed for psychosis. Income-related inequality for psychiatric disorders is higher than for general health in the UK. Standardized CIs suggest that these inequalities are not due to the demographic composition of the income quintiles.Conclusions. Income-related inequalities exist in mental health in Britain. As much of the observed inequality is probably due to factors associated with income and not due to the demographic composition of the income quintiles, it may be that these inequalities are potentially ‘avoidable’.

Income-Related Inequality in Traffic Accident Health Outcomes (Injury, Disability and Mortality): Evidence from the Nationwide Survey in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam ROSHANFEKR ◽  
Mohammad-Reza KHODAIE-ARDAKANI ◽  
Homeira SAJJADI ◽  
Hossein MALEK AFZALI ARDAKANI
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
The Road ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Related Inequality ◽  
Income Related Inequality

Background: Despite many efforts, Iran continues to have a high rate of traffic accidents and poor health outcomes. This study aimed to measure income-related inequality for traffic accident health outcomes in Iran, a country with one of the highest rates of traffic accidents and related health problems. Methods: The source of data was a national representative survey named the Iranian Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey (IrMIDHS, 2010). Monthly household income is obtained through self-report in different quarters. Disparity rate ratio (DRR), slop index of inequality (SII) and the population attributable risk percentage measure (PAR%) were calculated. The concentration index (CI) of RTIs was used as our measure of socioeconomic inequality and decomposed into its determining factors. Results: Using the DRR index, in the lowest income group, the risk of death from an accident was 2.3 times, greater and the risk of accidental disability was 11.7 times greater than for the third income quartet. The slope index also shows that the rate of road traffic deaths, disability and injury per 100,000 individuals decreased by 28, 82, and 392 moving from lower to higher incomes. This decrease in injury was about 581 for motorcyclists. CI was -0.04078643 (SE=.01424828, P-value 0.004). Male sex (68.9%), 15-29 yr old age (9.4%), employed activity status (20.8%) has a positive contribution in the RTIs concentration index. Conclusion: In addition to intervention related to the road safety and vehicles and reducing human errors, prevention of the road traffic ill health outcomes requires attention to reduction of inequality in society.

scholarly journals Income-related Inequality in Health Outcomes among Older People in China: Measurement and Decomposition Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Related Inequality ◽  
Income Related Inequality ◽  
Inequality In Health

Abstract Background: The objective of this study is to examine income-related inequality in self-rated health and functional ability among older people in China, and to further examine the contribution of socioeconomic factors to health inequality.Methods: Data was drawn from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Concentration curves, concentration index, and decomposition analysis, well-established tools in developed countries, were employed to demonstrate income-related inequality in health among the sample.Results: The better-off are more likely to have better self-rated health, and are less likely to have functional limitations, compared to the worse-off. In addition, this inequality in health outcomes is mainly driven by socioeconomic factors, such as income and education, rather than demographic factors.Conclusion: There is a pressing need for the government to protect older people in lower socioeconomic status to reduce income-related inequality in health, such as cash transfers, and provide formal long-term care directly.

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