scholarly journals The challenge of complex drug use: Associated use of codeine-containing medicines and new psychoactive substances in a European cross-sectional online population

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. e2611
Author(s):  
Andreas Kimergård ◽  
Michelle Foley ◽  
Zoe Davey ◽  
Elle Wadsworth ◽  
Colin Drummond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complex Drug

scholarly journals METHODOLOGIC DIRECTIONS IN CRIMINALISTIC RESEARCH FOR THE OFFENCE OF TRAFFICKING AND ILLICIT DRUG CONSUMPTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Petronela-Diana Ferariu ◽  
Valentina Avrămescu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Illicit Trafficking

The criminal activity of trafficking and illicit drug use is developing rapidly, new psychoactive substances are emerging at a rapid pace and represent a major threat to the health and safety of individuals. The actual crime in the case of trafficking and illicit drug use offence must be determined in terms of size the participants and causes. The distinction between real crime and apparent crime is defined as the "dark number or hidden figure of crime" (Rădulescu S., 1999, 189) The use of this concept is specifically used in the case of the number of crimes committed and remained unknown to the society, for various reasons. In the forensic investigation of the crime of trafficking and illicit drug use, the research activity is carried out with great difficulties, because one of the forms of crime with the highest rate of the dark number of crime and almost impossible to estimate is the illicit trafficking and consumption of drugs, as victims are most often accomplice in this form of crime, and establishing the diversity of substances that fall into the narcotic sphere is relative.

The perceived challenges of working with patients who use new psychoactive substances: a qualitative study in a medium secure unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Emma Mckenzie ◽  
Joel Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secure Unit ◽  
The Individual

Purpose New psychoactive substances (NPS) are increasingly being used in secure mental health settings. Within these settings, NPS use presents a range of challenges and staff currently lack adequate training to manage these challenges. The purpose of this paper is to explore nursing staffs’ perception of the challenges of working with patients who use NPS and to explore nursing staffs’ perception of their training needs in relation to NPS. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional qualitative design was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight nursing staff from a medium secure unit (MSU). Findings A thematic analysis identified three overarching themes: “There Will Always Be Something”, “We Are Doing Our Best” and “If We Know More, We Can Do More”. The findings describe how nursing staff manage NPS use at present, and their perceptions of how training could improve their management of NPS use in the future. Practical implications The findings suggest that MSUs require a local policy for managing NPS use. The research implies that staff training programmes should recognise the existing methods staff use to manage NPS use. The findings also suggest that NPS interventions should target the whole peer group and not just the individual using NPS. Originality/value This paper contributes to the limited literature on NPS. The findings demonstrate the importance of developing evidence-based mechanisms for managing NPS use. Changes to practice are suggested, with the view of developing ways in which staff currently manage NPS use by complementing this with specific training on NPS.

scholarly journals The relationship between severity of drug problems and perceived interdependence of drug use and sexual intercourse among adult males in drug addiction rehabilitation centers in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Yamada ◽  
Takuya Shimane ◽  
Ayumi Kondo ◽  
Masako Yonezawa ◽  
Toshihiko Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
Primary Drug

Abstract Background Consuming drugs in conjunction with sexual intercourse may shape the perceived interdependence of drug use and sexual intercourse (PIDS). Additionally, the severity of drug problems may have a significant impact on PIDS. However, this relationship remains unverified. Therefore, this study investigates whether the severity of drug problems is associated with PIDS among adult males in drug addiction rehabilitation centers (DARC) in Japan. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of the “DARC Follow-Up Study in Japan” conducted by the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry in 2016, in which participants from 46 facilities completed a self-report questionnaire. A total of 440 males with drug dependence were included in the analysis. We analyzed participants’ demographic characteristics, history of sexually transmitted disease diagnoses, and responses to questions related to drug use (e.g., primary drug use and PIDS). Additionally, we measured the severity of drug problems using the Japanese version of the Drug Abuse Screening Test-20 (DAST-20). Results The median age of the participants was 42 years. The median DAST-20 score was 14.0, the primary drug was methamphetamine (61.4%) and new psychoactive substances (NPS: 13.6%). Multivariate analysis indicated that participants’ experiences with unprotected sexual intercourse (“mostly a non-condom user”: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.410), methamphetamine use (AOR = 3.220), new psychoactive substances use (AOR = 2.744), and the DAST-20 score (AOR = 1.093) were associated with PIDS. Conclusions This study indicated that the frequency of unprotected sexual intercourse under the influence of drugs, methamphetamine and NPS use were strongly associated with PIDS. The severity of drug problems was also significantly associated with PIDS. It is necessary to develop culturally appropriate treatment programs adapted to the needs of patients who experience strong PIDS.

scholarly journals Prevalence of new psychoactive substances addiction: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (55) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Mariya Prilutskaya ◽  
Oleg Yussopov ◽  
Nikolay Negay ◽  
Kuanysh Altynbekov ◽  
Makpal Tokayeva
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Use of psychoactive substances at least once in life among Brazilian university students at the beginning and end of courses and the associated factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-474
Author(s):  
Laíza Rocha Dantas ◽  
Monalisa Cesarino Gomes ◽  
Larissa Chaves Morais de Lima ◽  
Bruno Rafael Cruz-da-Silva ◽  
Lívia Rocha Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Objective Investigate the use of psychoactive substances at least once in life among students at the beginning and end of their courses and determine the associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted with a representative sample of 398 students in public university. The students answered a questionnaire validated for the evaluation of drug use and socio-demographic data. Poisson regression analysis was performed. Results A total of 56.3% and 13.3% of the students had used both legal and ilegal drugs. The following variables remained significantly associated with legal drug use in the final model: male sex (PR=1.48; 95%CI: 1.25-1.76), older age group (PR=1.23; 95%CI: 1.03-1.47), not living with parents (PR=1.20; 95%CI: 1.01-1.41), not having a religion (PR=1.37; 95%CI: 1.16-1.62) and taking a course in the health field (PR=1.33; 95%CI: 1.08-1.64). The following variables were significantly associated with ilegal drug use: male sex (PR=2.33; 95%CI: 1.35-4.02), older age group (PR=2.27; 95%CI: 1.28-4.02), higher monthly income (PR=1.73; 95%CI: 1.05-2.85) and not having a religion (PR=1.70; 95%CI: 1.02-2.84). Conclusion Legal and ilegal drug use at least once in life was associated with social factors, sex, age, income, religion, living situation and type of higher education course.

scholarly journals Pattern and associated factors of psychoactive substance use among undergraduate students in a North-eastern Nigerian University

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
D. Sulyman ◽  
K.A. Ayanda ◽  
Y.M. Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Objective: There is an increased trend in the use of psychoactive substances among youths in Northern Nigeria. Youths use substances to enhance  performances. Studies have shown associations between drug use and psychiatric morbidity. This study examined the use of psychoactive  substances among undergraduates. It also assessed the presence of psychiatric morbidity among the users and nonusers of psychoactive drugs. Method: The study was a cross-sectional study using WHO Student Drug Use Survey Questionnaire and GHQ-12 for 983 undergraduates of a northern Nigeria university. Results: The prevalence rate of psychoactive substance use was 36.5%. Tobacco, stimulants and alcohol were commonly used drugs. Parental separation and fathers' use of drugs were factors associated with the use of psychoactive substances. Psychiatric morbidity among substance users and non-users were 31.0% and 11.8% Conclusion: The study found high rate for the use of psychoactive substances among the students with correspondingly high rate of psychiatric morbidity among the users of psychoactive substances. Keywords: Psychoactive substance; Psychiatric morbidity; undergraduate students.

Risk Minimization Measures in Off-Label Drug Use: A Survey of Community Pharmacists in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Omotayo Fatokun
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Written Informed Consent

Background: While off-label drug use is common and sometimes necessary, it also presents considerable risks. Therefore, measures intended to prevent or reduce the potential exposure to off-label risks have been recommended. However, little is known about community pharmacists’ beliefs regarding these measures in Malaysia. Objectives: This study examined community pharmacists’ beliefs towards risk minimization measures in off-label drug use in Malaysia and assessed the relationship between perceived risk of off-label drug use and beliefs towards risk minimization measures. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 154 pharmacists practicing in randomly selected community pharmacies in Kuala Lumpur and the State of Selangor, Malaysia. Results: The majority agreed or strongly agreed that adverse drug events from the off-label drug should be reported to the regulatory authority (90.9%) and the off-label drug should only be used when the benefit outweighs potential risks (88.3%). Less than half (48.1%) agreed or strongly agreed that written informed consent should be obtained before dispensing off-label drugs and a majority (63.7%) agreed or strongly agreed that the informed consent process will be burdensome to healthcare professionals. Beliefs towards risk minimization measures were significantly associated with perceived risk of off-label drug use regarding efficacy (p = 0. 033), safety (p = 0.001), adverse drug rection (p = 0.001) and medication errors (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The community pharmacists have positive beliefs towards most of the risk minimization measures. However, beliefs towards written informed consent requirements are not encouraging. Enhancing risk perception may help influence positive beliefs towards risk minimization measures.

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