Pattern and associated factors of psychoactive substance use among undergraduate students in a North-eastern Nigerian University

Objective: There is an increased trend in the use of psychoactive substances among youths in Northern Nigeria. Youths use substances to enhance performances. Studies have shown associations between drug use and psychiatric morbidity. This study examined the use of psychoactive substances among undergraduates. It also assessed the presence of psychiatric morbidity among the users and nonusers of psychoactive drugs. Method: The study was a cross-sectional study using WHO Student Drug Use Survey Questionnaire and GHQ-12 for 983 undergraduates of a northern Nigeria university. Results: The prevalence rate of psychoactive substance use was 36.5%. Tobacco, stimulants and alcohol were commonly used drugs. Parental separation and fathers' use of drugs were factors associated with the use of psychoactive substances. Psychiatric morbidity among substance users and non-users were 31.0% and 11.8% Conclusion: The study found high rate for the use of psychoactive substances among the students with correspondingly high rate of psychiatric morbidity among the users of psychoactive substances. Keywords: Psychoactive substance; Psychiatric morbidity; undergraduate students.

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Prevalence and correlates of substance use among undergraduates in a developing country

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v21i2.49 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 875-883

Author(s):

Chinyere Mirian Aguocha ◽

Emeka Nwefoh

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

High Rate ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Psychoactive Substance ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychoactive Substance Use

Background: Psychoactive substance use is a major global public health issue. Use of psychoactive substances has been associated with negative consequences among students. Objective: The study assessed the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychoactive substance use among un- dergraduate students in a Nigerian university. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 763 undergraduate students of Imo State Uni- versity, Owerri, Nigeria, recruited using multi-stage sampling technique. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics and pattern of psychoactive substance use were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: The lifetime rate of psychoactive substance use was 84.5%. Alcohol had the highest rate of lifetime (82.5%) and 12-month (61.1%) use. There was a similar rate of lifetime use of psychoactive substances among males (86.1%) and females (83.4%). Age (p<0.05) and place of residence (p<0.05) were significantly associated with lifetime psychoactive substance use. Catholics (OR:1.43; 1.03 – 1.99), whose friend (OR:1.94; 1.39 – 2.71), roommate (OR:3.06; (1.62 – 5.78) or broth- er (OR:1.22; 0.77 – 1.93) uses psychoactive substances were significantly more likely to have used substances in the past 12-months. Conclusion: There is a high rate of psychoactive substance use among the students. Age, religion, place of residence, family and peer use of substances are important determinants of psychoactive substance use. Keywords: Substance use; undergraduates; Nigeria.

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Impulsivity and family conflict as predictors of illegal psychoactive substance use in adolescents

Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology ◽

10.30849/ripijp.v55i2.1334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. e1334

Author(s):

Nicole Guadalupe Vallejo Alviter ◽

Jorge Luis Arellanez Hernández ◽

Catalina Francisca González Forteza ◽

Fernando Wagner Echeagaray

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Substance Use ◽

High School Students ◽

Drug Use ◽

Family Conflict ◽

Psychoactive Substance ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Substance Use Prevention ◽

School Students ◽

Psychoactive Substance Use

This research studies impulsiveness and family conflict as predictors of illegal psychoactive substance use. The objective of this research was to analyze the differences in impulsiveness and family conflict between high school student users and non-users of illegal psychoactive substances. A quantitative methodology through a cross-sectional, correlational study was carried out. A questionnaire composed by the Plutchik scale of impulsiveness, some items of the Climent, Aragón and Plutchik Scale of Impulsivity and indicators to explore consumption of psychoactive substances. The sample was composed by 344 high school students of the municipality of Emiliano Zapata in Veracruz, México. The results show that 9.0% have consumed illegal drugs. A correlation was found between family conflict, impulsivity and use of psychoactive substances. We found that impulsivity and risk taking are predictors of illegal drug use. The results show that impulsivity is a factor related to drug use and it is necessary to design interventions that favor management of emotions and decision making in adolescents, as well as the participation of the family in substance use prevention programs.

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Prevalence of, Factors Associated with and Level of Dependence of Psychoactive Substance Use among Mekelle University Students, Ethiopia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17030847 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 847 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Azeb Gebresilassie Tesema ◽

Znabu Hadush Kahsay ◽

Gebrezgi Gidey Lemma ◽

Welday Hagos Gebretsadik ◽

Mamuye Mussie Weldemaryam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Psychoactive Substance ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Orthodox Christian ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Current Prevalence ◽

Mekelle University ◽

Psychoactive Substance Use ◽

University Undergraduate Students

Background: Psychoactive substance use is a major public health concern globally. Though youth attending higher education institutions are considered particularly vulnerable to psychoactive substances, there is a paucity of evidence in Ethiopia. We aimed to determine the prevalence of psychoactive substance use, factors associated with psychoactive substance use and level of dependence among Mekelle University undergraduate students in Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based quantitative cross-sectional survey was used to randomly (using multistage sampling) invite 1220 undergraduate students in April and May 2017 to participate. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with psychoactive substance use. Level of dependence was determined using the WHO’s Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test classification. Results: Among the eligible students approached, 1214 participants completed the survey, which yields a 99.5% response rate. The lifetime prevalence of psychoactive substance use was 66.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 64% to 69%) while the current prevalence was 49% (95% CI = 46% to 52%). A history of, but not current, psychoactive substance use was reported by 18%, while 33.5% reported never having used psychoactive substances. The current prevalence of alcohol use was 35.5%, tobacco 7.8% and khat 5.7%. Of the current users, 17% (95% CI = 14% to 20%) were at a moderate to high risk of dependency. Being over 21 years of age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.37 to 2.25), male (AOR = 3.13; 95% CI = 2.26 to 4.34), living in urban areas (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.77 to 3.23), an Orthodox Christian (AOR = 7.55, 95% CI = 4.56 to 12.48), and being in their 3rd year (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.49 to 3.55), 4th year (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2 to 3.51) and 5th year (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 2.81 to 7.67) at university were associated with currently using psychoactive substances. Being male and Orthodox Christian was associated with being an ex-smoker. Conclusions: Approximately half of Mekelle University undergraduate students were using psychoactive substances with almost one in five at risk of dependency. The likelihood of use increased with seniority. Evidence-based strategies are needed to prevent school-aged children from using psychoactive substances and university students becoming dependent on substances. Interventions designed to stop current psychoactive substance use may also have promise for reducing dependency.

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Salud mental y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes colombianos

Health and Addictions/Salud y Drogas ◽

10.21134/haaj.v18i1.363 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 97-106

Author(s):

Viviana Cruz Ramírez ◽

Carlos Gómez Restrepo ◽

Carlos J Rincón

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychoactive Substance ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Salud Mental ◽

Psychoactive Substance Use ◽

National Mental Health ◽

Consumo De Sustancias

Introducción: Se ha propuesto una estrecha asociación entre trastornos del afecto y ansiedad en adolescentes con consumo de sustancias. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y los trastornos mentales más frecuentes asociados éste consumo, en adolescentes colombianos. Metodología: Estudio transversal, con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental 2015. Con adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años, en quienes se les aplicó CIDI-CAPI (versión 21.1.3) asistida por computador y Assist modificado. Resultados: Se describió información de 408 adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años que reportan consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por lo menos una vez en la vida, siendo una muestra representativa a nivel nacional. Se encontró que la sustancia de mayor consumo fue el alcohol con una prevalencia de 16,6% (IC95% 14,2-19,2), Bogotá constituye la región con mayor consumo de sustancias con una prevalencia de 33,8% (IC95% 24,7-44,2). Ser hombre entre los 16 y 17 años representa un factor de riesgo para consumo de sustancias, así mismo, presentar trastornos del afecto aumenta 2,28 veces el riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Conclusiones: La población adolescente con trastornos del afecto o ansiedad se encuentra en mayor riesgo de consumir sustancias psicoactivas. Introduction: An association between affective and anxiety disorders has been proposed in adolescents with substance use. Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychoactive substance use and the most frequent mental disorders associated with this consumption, in Colombian adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that uses data from the National Mental Health Survey 2015. With adolescents between 12 and 17 years old, in whom CIDI-CAPI (version 21.1.3) was applied by computer and modified ASSIST. Results: A total of 408 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old who reported psychoactive substance use at least once in their lives were described , this group was a representative sample of national population. The most frequent consumed substance was alcohol with a prevalence of 16.6% (95% CI, 14.2-19.2), Bogotá is the region with the highest consumption of substances with a prevalence of 33.8% (IC95 % 24.7-44.2). Otherwise, being a man between 16 and 17 years old represents a risk factor for substance use. Likewise, presenting affective disorders increases by 2.28 times the risk of psychoactive substance use. Conclusions: adolescents with affective or anxiety disorders are at higher risk of psychoactive substances use, making difficult the treatment and desmonstrating the vulnerability of this population.

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Do sexual expectancies and inhibitions predict high-risk sexual behaviours? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey among young psychoactive substance users in the informal settlements of Kampala, Uganda

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26594/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tonny Ssekamatte ◽

Simon P.S. Kibira ◽

Moses Tetui ◽

John Bosco Isunju ◽

Richard K. Mugambe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

High Risk ◽

Sexual Partner ◽

Informal Settlements ◽

Psychoactive Substance ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Sexual Performance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexual Behaviours ◽

Psychoactive Substance Use

Abstract Background The use of psychoactive substances is a public health challenge among young people in informal settlements. Though rarely examined, the use of psychoactive substances is linked to sexual expectancies and inhibitions, and consequently high-risk sexual behaviours. This study examined the association between sexual expectancies and inhibitions on high-risk sexual behaviours among young psychoactive substance users (PSU) in the informal settlements of Kampala, Uganda.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 744 young PSU in the informal settlements of Kampala. Data were analysed using Stata 14 software. A ‘modified’ Poisson regression model was used for inferential statistics. Results Of the 744 study participants, 45.6% believed that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance; 43.3% believed that psychoactive substances make sex more pleasurable; while more than half (53.3%) believed that psychoactive substances give courage or confidence to approach a partner for sex. The belief that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance (PR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.30), increases the likelihood of engaging in sex (PR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04-1.40) or gives courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner (PR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.39) were positively associated with ever having sex while under the influence of psychoactive substances. The belief that a psychoactive substance user, under the influence of psychoactive substances is more likely to engage in sex (PR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15-1.90), and likely to find it difficult to refuse sex (PR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06-1.55) were positively associated with engaging in multiple sexual partnerships. The belief that one easily forgets to use a condom when under the influence of psychoactive substances, was positively associated with inconsistent condom use (PR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09-1.45).Conclusion Psychoactive substance use expectancies such as the belief that psychoactive substances improve sexual performance, and give courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner, and inhibitions such as an increased likelihood of engaging in sexual intercourse, finding difficulties in refusing to engage in sexual intercourse, and forgetting to use condoms while intoxicated predicted high-risk sexual behaviours among young PSU. Therefore, is essential to implement sexual and reproductive health and risk reduction interventions targeting young PSU in informal settlements.

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Do sexual expectancies and inhibitions predict high-risk sexual behaviours? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey among young psychoactive substance users in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11536-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tonny Ssekamatte ◽

Simon P. S. Kibira ◽

Moses Tetui ◽

John Bosco Isunju ◽

Richard K. Mugambe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

High Risk ◽

Sexual Behaviour ◽

Informal Settlements ◽

Psychoactive Substance ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Sexual Performance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexual Behaviours ◽

Psychoactive Substance Use

Abstract Background Psychoactive substance use is a public health challenge among young people in informal settlements. Though rarely examined, psychoactive substance use is linked to sexual expectancies and inhibitions, and consequently high-risk sexual behaviours. This study examined the association between sexual expectancies and inhibitions, and high-risk sexual behaviours among young psychoactive substance users (PSUs) in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 744 young PSUs from informal settlements in Kampala. Respondent driven sampling was used to recruit respondents. A ‘modified’ Poisson regression model was used for inferential statistics. Data were analysed using the Stata 14 software. Results Of the 744 study participants, 45.6% believed that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance; 43.3% believed that psychoactive substances make sex more pleasurable, and 53.3% believed that psychoactive substances give courage or confidence to approach a partner for sex. The belief that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance (PR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.30), increases the likelihood of engaging in sex (PR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04–1.40) or gives courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner (PR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–1.39) were associated with having sex while under the influence of psychoactive substances. The belief that a psychoactive substance user under the influence of psychoactive substances is more likely to engage in sex (PR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15–1.90), and likely to find it difficult to refuse sex (PR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06–1.55) were positively associated with engaging in multiple sexual partnerships. The belief that one easily forgets to use a condom when under the influence of psychoactive substances was positively associated with inconsistent condom use (PR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09–1.45). Conclusion Psychoactive substance use expectancies associated with high-risk sexual behaviours included the belief that psychoactive substances improve sexual performance and improve confidence in approaching a sexual partner. Psychoactive substance use inhibitions associated with high-risk sexual behaviours included an increased likelihood of engaging in sexual intercourse, difficulties in refusing to engage in sexual intercourse, and forgetting to use condoms while intoxicated. Interventions targeting a reduction in high-risk sexual behaviour should integrate the impact of psychoactive substance use on sexual behaviour.

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Uso de psicoativos enquanto hábito de sociabilidade: observações sobre as ruas da Cidade Baixa (Porto Alegre/RS)

ILUMINURAS ◽

10.22456/1984-1191.24886 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (28) ◽

Author(s):

Jardel Fischer Loeck

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

A Priori ◽

Urban Region ◽

Psychoactive Substance ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Chemical Dependence ◽

Psychoactive Substance Use ◽

The City

O presente artigo tem por objetivo, em primeiro lugar, apontar para a possibilidade de definir as práticas de uso das substâncias psicoativas ilícitas a partir de um referencial positivo, ou ao menos não negativado de antemão, relacionando-as a práticas de sociabilidade, tal qual Simmel as definiu, e também a partir da ideia de hábito desenvolvida por Bachelard. Este percurso tem o intuito de contrapor estas práticas à negatividade da “dependência química” entendida como uma doença. Em um segundo momento são apresentadas reflexões iniciais a respeito de um circuito específico no qual são consumidas algumas dessas substâncias, e também no qual o uso das mesmas é, de certa forma, facilmente observado principalmente no período noturno: o bairro Cidade Baixa, na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. Palavras chave: Uso de drogas. Hábito. Sociabilidade. Psychoactive substance use as habit of sociability: Comments on the Cidade Baixa streets in Porto Alegre/ RS Abstract At first, this article’s main objective is to emphasize the possibility of positive or not a priori negative interpretations concerning the uses of illicit psychoactive substances. Relating these practices to Simmel’s concept of sociability and Bachelard’s idea of habit, the intention is to oppose them to the negativity of the disease known as “chemical dependence”. In the second part of the text are presented initial reflections about a specific urban region in which some of these substances are consumed and, in a certain way, especially at night, it is a region that easily permits the observation of these practices: the district of Cidade Baixa, in the city of Porto Alegre/RS. Keywords: Drug use. Habit. Sociability.

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Use of psychoactive substances in students at a public university

ABCS Health Sciences ◽

10.7322/abcshs.v39i3.650 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meire Luci da Silva ◽

Franciele Santos Rego ◽

Nathalia Fagundes Roque ◽

Vitor Engrácia Valenti

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Public University ◽

High Rate ◽

Assessment Instruments ◽

Drug Addicts ◽

Psychoactive Substance ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Current Frequency ◽

Frequency Of Use ◽

Psychoactive Substance Use

Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances by the student population has been the object of various studies in Brazil. Objective: To determine the prevalence of substance use among students. Methods: Quantitative study with a closed questionnaire based on standardized assessment instruments was developed. It consists of questions related to types of psychoactive substance use, abuse, frequency and duration of use, self-criticism regarding the use, consequences of use in relation to health, and misdemeanors committed under the influence of psychoactive substances. The sample included the participation of 268 students. A total of 183 (68.3%) questionnaires were analyzed, and only those with positive result for substance abuse at some point in life, the remainder, 85 (31%) questionnaires, had negative responses to psychoactive substances. Results: Students’ responses to the two years surveyed indicated that the first psychoactive substance used was alcohol (77.9%), followed by tobacco use (10.9%), and marijuana (7.6%). Of the students surveyed, 145 (79.2%) answered that still make use of psychoactive substances, and the current frequency of use varies from one or more times per week. When asked about the possibility of being or becoming drug addicts, 169 (92.3%) responded that they are not or will not become dependent. Conclusion: The results indicate the high rate of substance use among college students surveyed, and point to their contradiction to consider such psychoactive substances harmful to their health.

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Psychoactive Substance Use among Second-Year and Third-Year Medical Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.6525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 59 (238) ◽

Author(s):

Alisha Sapkota ◽

Vinutha Silvanus ◽

Priyanka Shah ◽

Sanjeev Chandra Gautam ◽

Anjeel Chhetri

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Medical Students ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

World Health ◽

Psychoactive Substance ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Psychoactive Substance Use ◽

Second Year

Introduction: Psychoactive substance use among medical students is common. This may not only pose a threat to their health and academic performance but may have medico-legal and ethical ramifications. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of six psychoactive substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, benzodiazepines, opioids) among second year and third year medical students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional was done in a medical college. Whole sampling was done and ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference Number: 54-074/075). The study was conducted from May 2018 to June 2018. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire modified and adapted from World Health Organization's guidelines for student substance use survey was used to collect data from second year and third year medical students. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0 was used for analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 226 total respondents, 95 (42.0%) (35.55- 48.45 at 95% Confidence Interval) reported current use of one or more psychoactive substances. Most frequently used substance was alcohol with current use prevalence of 87 (38.5%), followed by smoking 39 (17.3%) and cannabis 27 (11.9%). Cocaine, benzodiazepines and opioids were the least consumed substances with current use prevalence of 2 (0.9%) each. Conclusions: Almost half of the students were currently using one or more psychoactive substances which is concerning, and therefore strategies must be adopted to alleviate such use.

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Religious Uses of Licit and Illicit Psychoactive Substances in a Branch of the Santo Daime Religion

Fieldwork in Religion ◽

10.1558/firn.v2i3.393 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 393-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edward MacRae

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Psychoactive Substance ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Religious Groups ◽

Santo Daime ◽

Brazilian Society ◽

Psychoactive Substance Use ◽

Constant Source

The article deals with the different effects of tolerant and prohibitionist policies associated with psychoactive substance use in Brazil. Whereas the licit use of ayahuasca has been successfully incorporated into mainstream Brazilian society, the ritual use of cannabis by one of the Santo Daime religious groups has never been fully accepted and remains a constant source of problems for the ayahuasca churches, their followers and society at large.

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