White Middle-Class Privilege: Social Class Bias and Implications for Training and Practice

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ming Liu ◽  
Theodore Pickett ◽  
Allen E. Ivey
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Class Bias ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
Class Privilege

Social Class and Ethnicity Effects on Clinical Judgments

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph D. Norman ◽  
Ricardo Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
Clinical Judgments ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Class Bias ◽  
Psychotic Behavior

To resolve conflict between earlier studies finding contradictory recommendations on need for professional help of middle- vs lower-class persons given normal, neurotic, and psychotic behavior descriptions, and to explore ethnicity effects, 92 students (70 Anglo, 22 Chicano) rated fictitious biographical vignettes. A pro-middle-class bias was found consistent with Routh and King's study but inconsistent with that by Schofield and Oakes. Also contrary to the latter, treatment recommendations agreed with ratings. Ethnicity bias appeared, since Anglos recommended Chicanos more often for involuntary hospitalization. Inconsistency between the two earlier studies results from a methodological variation, discussed in this study.

Social-Class Bias in Clinical Judgment and Recommendation for Treatment Using the Biographical Vignette Technique

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon J. Schofield ◽  
James D. Oakes
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Class Bias ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychotic Behavior

An autobiographical vignette technique was used with 14 mental hospital attendants and 14 college students rating the severity of emotional problems and recommending various forms of treatment for fictitious individuals. A social-class bias was observed; the lower-class individuals were seen as having a greater need for help than the middle-class individuals, particularly when both were given descriptions of psychotic behavior. However, the recommendation of treatment was not affected by the social class of the individuals. The results are not consistent with those of a recent study by Routh and King which showed middle-class individuals were rated as having a greater need for help than lower-class individuals using a similar vignette technique.

1 “The circle in which you move”

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Candace Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Social Diversity ◽  
Enslaved Women ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
Musical Practices

The use of music as a sign of prestige extended across a wide spectrum, from enslaved women of color to the white daughters of affluent planters, and Part 1 reveals this social diversity by demonstrating how women employed binder’s volumes, etiquette guides, and other signs of cultural capital in the parlor to position themselves within a particular social class. Although it includes the historical actors who confirm currently-held views about social class and music in this period (the white middle-class), it juxtaposes these with examples across race and occupationally-defined status (barbers, farmers, mechanics, and planters) to bring to the fore a fuller view of women’s musical practices.

Real, but Not Too Real: A Hierarchy of Reality for Recreational Middle-Class Boxers

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis D. Satterlund
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
White Middle Class

This article looks at how the (mostly) white, middle-class recreational boxers at KO Gym constructed an authentic boxing experience from which they could derive identity rewards from accomplishing a type of masculinity without stigma or injury. Gender, as we will see, was a central part of the story. Furthermore, social class complicated matters considerably, creating dilemmas for the white, middle-class male recreational boxers who sought risk—albeit a “pseudo-risk”—but were concerned about signifying hypermasculinity. It was thus vital for them to manage their conduct to express a certain situated kind of masculinity. In essence, class means there is a different style of self-presentation when men and women attempt to do gender.

Reading ‘Race’ in Bourdieu? Examining Black Cultural Capital Among Black Caribbean Youth in South London

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derron Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Black Middle Class ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
Black Caribbean ◽  
Class Privilege ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article extends Bourdieu’s notion of cultural capital in relation to ‘race’ and ethnicity by exploring the significance of black cultural capital among middle class black Caribbean young people in a large state school in south London. Black cultural capital is here defined as the appropriation of middle class values by black ethnics. Based on a 14-month-long ethnography, with specific attention to three focus group and 13 in-depth interviews with middle class black Caribbean young people, this piece outlines the benefits of and backlash to black cultural capital that students encounter from white middle class teachers for deploying black middle class tastes and styles in the classroom. The findings suggest that while black middle class pupils draw on black cultural capital to access advantages in formal school settings, they are also invested in challenging the terms of class privilege that marginalise the black working classes.

Social class, language attitudes, and language use

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
Binmei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Class Privilege ◽  
Upper Middle Class ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Few previous studies have examined the impact of social class on language attitudes and language use in mainland China. A total of 215 questionnaires were collected from a university in China for this study. The participants were classified into four social classes: upper middle class, middle middle class, lower middle class, and lower class. Then an individual interview was conducted with 10 students. Findings show that the students from the upper middle class had significantly lower attitudes toward local dialects and they had the lowest percentage of current use of dialect at home. The study adds evidence to findings of previous studies that local dialects might face certain danger of maintenance. It also shows that this change would start from people from the upper middle class. The study also points out a possible future tendency that social class privilege will play a more significant role in English learning and education.

scholarly journals Greatness and the Convertibility of Literary Capital: W. D. Howells and Black Writers

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Florian Sedlmeier
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Black Writers ◽  
Color Line ◽  
Paul Laurence Dunbar ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
Poetic Practice ◽  
Racial Divide

Abstract Opening with James Weldon Johnson’s discourse on artistic greatness, I discuss William Dean Howells’s assessment of Paul Laurence Dunbar and Charles W. Chesnutt through the lens of the convertibility of literary capital, developed with Pierre Bourdieu. From within the racial taxonomy and with white middle-class readers as implied addressees, Howells conceives of both writers as participating in a literary market, a field structured by the tenets of realism. Howells endows Dunbar with universal literary capital and creates a regional affiliation that breaches the color line, before he singles out his poems written in vernacular notation as lasting contributions and asserts the valence of such notation as general poetic practice. On Chesnutt he bestows literary capital by marking and converting two innovations: the genre of the short story and the representation of a world in-between the racial divide. In turn, the convertibility of that world is secured by a comparison of social class habits.

Social Class Bias of Practicing Attorneys

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-935
Author(s):  
Robert H. Gordon ◽  
Georgia Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social History ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Class Bias ◽  
Criminal Defendant

This study investigated the influence of a criminal defendant's social class on private practicing attorneys' evaluations of an interview between a criminal defendant and his attorney. 50 practicing attorneys, as volunteer subjects, rated an artificially constructed transcript of an interview relating to the defendant's arrest. Ratings were based on 10 Likert-type scales measuring personality variables and legal sophistication of the defendant. One-half of the subjects rated the transcript with a lower-class social history appended; the other half rated the same transcript with a middle-class social history appended. The evaluations of the defendant were not influenced by the defendant's social class.

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