Bone mineral density of total body, spine, and femoral neck in children and young adults: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Abstract Background Despite the increased fracture risk, bone mineral density (BMD) is variable in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus. We aimed at comparing independent BMD predictors in T1D, T2D and control subjects, respectively. Methods Cross-sectional case-control study enrolling 30 T1D, 39 T2D and 69 age, sex and body mass index (BMI) – matched controls that underwent clinical examination, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck) and serum determination of HbA1c and parameters of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Results T2D patients had similar BMD compared to T1D individuals (after adjusting for age, BMI and disease duration) and to matched controls, respectively. In multiple regression analysis, diabetes duration – but not HbA1c- negatively predicted femoral neck BMD in T1D (β= -0.39, p = 0.014), while BMI was a positive predictor for lumbar spine (β = 0.46, p = 0.006) and femoral neck BMD (β = 0.44, p = 0.007) in T2D, besides gender influence. Age negatively predicted BMD in controls, but not in patients with diabetes. Conclusions Long-standing diabetes and female gender particularly increase the risk for low bone mass in T1D. An increased body weight partially hinders BMD loss in T2D. The impact of age appears to be surpassed by that of other bone regulating factors in both T1D and T2D patients.

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Association between renal function and bone mineral density in healthy postmenopausal Chinese women

BMC Endocrine Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12902-019-0476-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shuang Li ◽

Junkun Zhan ◽

Yanjiao Wang ◽

Yi Wang ◽

Jieyu He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Renal Function ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Hip ◽

The Relationship ◽

Osteoporosis Risk

Abstract Background The relationship between renal function and bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of renal function with BMD and osteoporosis risk in healthy postmenopausal Chinese women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 776 healthy postmenopausal Chinese women. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure BMDs. Clinical, demographic, and biochemical data were obtained at the time of image acquisition. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using a Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Results Women with eGFR levels of at least 90 ml/min/1.73m2 had a lower prevalence of osteoporosis compared with women with decreased eGFR levels (60 ml/min/1.73 m2 ≤ eGFR < 90.0 ml/min/1.73 m2). BMDs at femoral neck and total hip were significantly lower in the lower eGFR class than the higher class (0.717 ± 0.106 vs 0.744 ± 0.125 g/cm2, P < 0.01; 0.796 ± 0.116 vs 0.823 ± 0.129 g/cm2, P < 0.01, respectively). eGFR was positively correlated with BMDs at femoral neck and total hip in unadjusted analysis (P < 0.05). After controlling for age, menopausal duration and body mass index (BMI), decreased eGFR was not associated with osteoporosis risk. Conclusions After adjustments for age, menopausal duration and BMI, the decline in renal function was not independently associated with osteoporosis risk in healthy postmenopausal Chinese women.

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Total and femoral neck bone mineral density and physical activity in a sample of men and women

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h2012-075 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 947-954 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sarah M. Camhi ◽

Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Linear Models ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Whole Body ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Men And Women ◽

Total Body

Physical activity (PA), total body fat (TBF), and lean body mass (LBM) are associated with bone mineral density (BMD). However, the independent influence of PA on BMD, while controlling for body composition is not understood as well and is the purpose of the current study. Whole-body BMD (g·cm–2), femoral neck BMD (g·cm–2), TBF (kg), and LBM (kg) were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PA levels (total, work, sport, non-sport) were estimated using the Baecke questionnaire. General linear models determined the independent effects of PA on BMD (whole-body and femoral neck), with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, menopausal status (as appropriate), LBM, and TBF. These associations were also examined by sex and age group (20–34, 35–49, and 50–64 years). The sample included 802 adults (65% women; 13% African American) from the Pennington Center Longitudinal Study that were 20 to 64 years of age (mean ± SD: 46.9 ± 11.0 years). Higher sports scores were associated with higher femoral neck BMD in the total group, men and women, and in 20- to 34-year-olds and 35- to 49-year-olds, but not significant in those 50–64 years of age. Similar significant associations were found for sports score with total body BMD; however, this relationship was not significant for women or for those 50–64 years of age. Total PA had inconsistent relationships with both femoral neck BMD and total body BMD. Higher levels of sport-related PA are associated with higher femoral neck BMD; however, these relationships vary by PA domain and site of BMD measurement.

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Bone mineral density, growth, pubertal development and other parameters in Brazilian children and young adults with sickle cell anaemia

Tropical Medicine & International Health ◽

10.1111/tmi.12211 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 1539-1546 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. Meeuwes ◽

T. F. Souza de Carvalho ◽

R. Cipolotti ◽

R. Q. Gurgel ◽

T. O. Ferrão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Young Adults ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽

Pubertal Development ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Density Growth ◽

Children And Young Adults ◽

Brazilian Children

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Bone Mineral Density during 3 years of Growth Hormone in previously GH-treated Young Adults with PWS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-20-1335 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Layla Damen ◽

Lionne N. Grootjen ◽

Stephany H. Donze ◽

Laura C.g. de Graaff ◽

Janielle A.e.m. van der Velden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Young Adults ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Open Label ◽

Gh Treatment ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Total Body ◽

One Year

Objective: In children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), growth hormone (GH) treatment has positive effects on bone mineral density (BMD). Two one-year studies did not show a difference between GH or placebo on BMD in young adults with PWS. However, there are no studies investigating BMD during longer-term GH treatment in young adults with PWS. Design: Open-label, prospective study in 43 young adults with PWS. Methods: BMD of the total body (BMDTBSDS) and lumbar spine (BMADLSSDS) measured by DXA. Results: In the total group, estimated mean (95% CI) BMDTB remained similar during 3 years of GH, being -0.76 (-1.11 to -0.41) SDS at start and -0.90 (-1.27 to -0.54) SDS after 3 years (p=0.11), as did BMADLS, being -0.36 (-0.72 to 0.01) SDS and -0.46 (-0.77 to -0.16) SDS resp. (p=0.16). In men, there was a significant decrease in BMDTBSDS during 3 years of GH, while BMADLSSDS remained similar. In women, both BMDTBSDS and BMADLSSDS remained similar. BMDTBSDS was associated with female sex, lean body mass and age. The majority of patients received sex steroid replacement therapy (SSRT). Conclusions: During 3 years of combined GH and SSRT treatment, BMD remained stable in the normal range in young adults with PWS. However, men showed a decline in BMDTBSDS, probably due to insufficient SSRT. We recommend to continue GH treatment in young adults with PWS and to start SSRT during adolescence unless puberty progresses normally.

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