Analyzing the Impact of the Medicare Coverage Gap on Counseling Professionals: Results of a National Study

Abstract Extensive evidence suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to negative health effects across a lifetime. This study examines the impact of ACEs on the frequency of providing daily support (i.e., unpaid assistance, emotional support, and disability-related assistance) to family members and the moderating effects of ACEs in the association between providing daily support to family and daily negative affect. Using the National Study of Daily Experiences II, we analyzed a total of 14,912 daily interviews from 2,022 respondents aged 56 on average. Key results showed that a greater number of ACEs were associated with providing more frequent emotional support to family. We also found the significant interaction effect that adults with more ACEs showed greater negative affect on the days when they provided assistance to family members with disabilities. The findings underscore the long-term negative impact of ACEs on daily well-being in the context of family relationships.

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A Cross-National Study of Dementia Stigma Among the General Public in Israel and Australia

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210277 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Perla Werner ◽

Sarang Kim

Keyword(s):

General Public ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Online Survey ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

National Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Subjective Knowledge ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

The Impact ◽

Cross National

Background: Despite the increasing amount of research on dementia stigma, there is a dearth of cross-national studies conducted on this subject. This is surprising since the experience of stigma is closely associated to socio-cultural aspects. Objective: The present study intended to expand knowledge about the impact of culture on dementia stigma by comparing the level and correlates of stigmatic beliefs about dementia among the general public in Israel and Australia. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted with two age-matched samples: 447 adults in Israel and 290 adults in Australia. Results: Overall, dementia stigma was moderate in both countries. However, the level of dementia stigma was significantly higher in Australia than in Israel. Lower levels of subjective knowledge and higher levels of ageism were associated with increased levels of stigmatic beliefs in both countries. Gender was a significant correlate of dementia stigma, with male participants reporting higher levels of public stigma than women, although this gender difference was mainly driven by the Australian sample. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that providing knowledge and decreasing ageist attitudes should be key considerations in dementia awareness and stigma reduction campaigns despite the cultural context. In addition, developing gender-specific messages should be considered as a way of improving the effects of such campaigns.

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Cost of Dementia and Its Correlation With Dependence

Journal of Aging and Health ◽

10.1177/0898264315624899 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 1448-1464 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Örjan Åkerborg ◽

Andrea Lang ◽

Anders Wimo ◽

Anders Sköldunger ◽

Laura Fratiglioni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Ability ◽

Resource Utilization ◽

Annual Cost ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Dementia Care ◽

Cost Of Care ◽

Path Model ◽

National Study ◽

Strong Impact ◽

The Impact

Objective: To estimate the cost of dementia care and its relation to dependence. Method: Disease severity and health care resource utilization was retrieved from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care. Informal care was assessed with the Resource Utilization in Dementia instrument. A path model investigates the relationship between annual cost of care and dependence, cognitive ability, functioning, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and comorbidities. Results: Average annual cost among patients diagnosed with dementia was €43,259, primarily incurred by accommodation. Resource use, that is, institutional care, community care, and accommodation, and corresponding costs increased significantly by increasing dependency. Path analysis showed that cognitive ability, functioning, and neuropsychiatric symptoms were significantly correlated with dependence, which in turn had a strong impact on annual cost. Discussion: This study confirms that cost of dementia care increases with dependence and that the impact of other disease indicators is mainly mediated by dependence.

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Impact of flooding on health-related quality of life in England: results from the National Study of Flooding and Health

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 942-948

Author(s):

Charlotte Robin ◽

Charles Beck ◽

Ben Armstrong ◽

Thomas David Waite ◽

G James Rubin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

A Priori ◽

National Study ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Euroqol Group ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Flooding can have extensive effects on the health and wellbeing of affected communities. The impact of flooding on psychological morbidity has been established; however, the wider impacts of flooding exposure, including on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), have not been described. Methods Using data from the English National Study of Flooding and Health cohort, HRQoL 2 and 3 years post-flooding was assessed with the EuroQol Group EQ-5D-5L tool. Associations between exposure groups (flooding and disruption from flooding) and HRQoL were assessed, using ordinal and linear regression, adjusting for a priori confounders. Results For both 2 and 3 years post-flooding, the median HRQoL scores were lower in the flooded and disrupted groups, compared with unaffected respondents. A higher proportion of flooded and disrupted respondents reported HRQoL problems in most dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L, compared with unaffected respondents. In year 2, independent associations between exposure to flooding and experiencing anxiety/depression [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.7; 95% CI 4.6–13.5], problems with usual activities (aOR 5.3; 95% CI 2.5–11.9) and pain/discomfort (aOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.5–3.9) were identified. These problems persisted 3 years post-flooding; associations between exposure to flooding and experiencing anxiety/depression (aOR 4.3; 95% CI 2.5–7.7), problems with usual activities (aOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.5–6.1) and pain/discomfort (aOR 2.5; 95% CI 1.5–4.2) were identified. Conclusions Exposure to flooding and disruption from flooding significantly reduces HRQoL. These findings extend our knowledge of the impacts of flooding on health, with implications for multi-agency emergency response and recovery plans.

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Neurological Diseases, Disorders and Injuries in Canada: Highlights of a National Study

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2015.312 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 5-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Garth M. Bray ◽

Deanna L. Huggett

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Health Study ◽

National Study ◽

Economic Costs ◽

Neurological Conditions ◽

The Government ◽

Government Of Canada ◽

Synthesis Report ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe National Population Health Study of Neurological Conditions, a partnership between Neurological Health Charities Canada and the Government of Canada, was the largest study of neurological diseases, disorders, and injuries ever conducted in Canada. Undertaken between 2009 and 2013, the expansive program of research addressed the epidemiology, impacts, health services, and risk factors of 18 neurological conditions and estimated the health outcomes and costs of these conditions in Canada through 2031. This review summarizes highlights from the component projects of the study as presented in the synthesis report, Mapping Connections: An Understanding of Neurological Conditions in Canada. The key findings included new prevalence and incidence estimates, documentation of the diverse and often debilitating effects of neurological conditions, and identification of the utilization, economic costs, and current limitations of related health services. The study findings will support health charities, governments, and other stakeholders to reduce the impact of neurological conditions in Canada.

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Abstract WP366: Exploring the Association Between Physician Trust and Recurrent Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.wp366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Anita Venkatesan ◽

Bernadette Boden-Albala ◽

Nina Parikh ◽

Emily Goldmann

Keyword(s):

Sex Education ◽

Medication Compliance ◽

Recurrent Stroke ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

National Study ◽

Stroke Severity ◽

Positive Health ◽

Physician Trust ◽

Ischemic Attack ◽

The Impact

Purpose: More positive health behaviors, fewer symptoms, higher quality of life, and greater treatment satisfaction have been reported among those with greater physician trust. This study assessed the relationship between physician trust and recurrent stroke/TIA within 1 year of discharge among stroke survivors in Northern Manhattan. Methods: This study used data from the Stroke Warning Information and Faster Treatment (SWIFT) study, a randomized controlled trial conducted from 2005-2012 in a multiethnic cohort of 1,193 mild/moderate ischemic stroke and TIA survivors. The goal was to assess the impact of a stroke preparedness educational intervention on emergency department arrival time after subsequent stroke symptom onset. Physician trust, assessed at baseline, was measured with one item: “What percentage of the time do you trust doctors?”. For the analysis, it was dichotomized with the cutoff at 80%. Recurrent stroke/TIA was assessed at 1 month and 1 year. The association between recurrent stroke/TIA and patient trust was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographics and comorbidities. Results: In the analytic sample (n=1108), those who answered both exposure and outcome, the prevalence of recurrent stroke/TIA and lack of physician trust was 10.75% and 36.46%, respectively. Consistent with the literature, Hispanics compared to whites had a higher prevalence of lack of physician trust (42.71% vs. 34.11%, p<0.001). Adjusting for race/ethnicity, intervention status, age, sex, education, marital status, smoking, insurance, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, physical activity, and depression, those who lacked trust had greater odds of recurrent stroke/TIA (OR=1.36, 95% CI:0.86-2.18) than those who had trust. When observing the association among Hispanics and Blacks, those who lacked trust had (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 0.66-2.42) and (OR=1.26, 95% CI: 0.36-4.38) respectively, greater odds of a recurrent episode than those who had trust. Conclusion: Despite insignificant findings, a national study with a greater range of stroke severity and additional measures such as medication compliance may be warranted to provide greater insight on the effects of physician trust on stroke outcomes.

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How Mothers and Fathers Share Childcare

American Sociological Review ◽

10.1177/0003122411427673 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 834-861 ◽

Cited By ~ 183

Author(s):

Lyn Craig ◽

Killian Mullan

Keyword(s):

Social Context ◽

Married Couples ◽

National Study ◽

Family Policies ◽

Cultural Attitudes ◽

Mothers And Fathers ◽

Household Level ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Impact ◽

Cross National

In most families today, childcare remains divided unequally between fathers and mothers. Scholars argue that persistence of the gendered division of childcare is due to multiple causes, including values about gender and family, disparities in paid work, class, and social context. It is likely that all of these factors interact, but to date researchers have not explored such interactions. To address this gap, we analyze nationally representative time-use data from Australia, Denmark, France, and Italy. These countries have different employment patterns, social and family policies, and cultural attitudes toward parenting and gender equality. Using data from matched married couples, we conduct a cross-national study of mothers’ and fathers’ relative time in childcare, divided along dimensions of task (i.e., routine versus non-routine activities) and co-presence (i.e., caring for children together as a couple versus caring solo). Results show that mothers’ and fathers’ work arrangements and education relate modestly to shares of childcare, and this relationship differs across countries. We find cross-national variation in whether more equal shares result from the behavior of mothers, fathers, or both spouses. Results illustrate the relevance of social context in accentuating or minimizing the impact of individual- and household-level characteristics.

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Estimating the Impact of Growth Mindset on High School Mathematics Performance and Course-Taking

10.31219/osf.io/cqjw6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Soobin Kim ◽

Barbara Schneider ◽

John Yun

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

School Context ◽

Growth Mindset ◽

National Study ◽

Control Activity ◽

9Th Grade ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Impact ◽

Growth Mindset Intervention ◽

Mindset Intervention

Using a randomized controlled trial in a nationally representative sample of 65 public high schools (N = 13,660), we tested the effects of a growth mindset intervention on math course- taking patterns and student achievement and explored whether school context was related to the success of the intervention. Students were randomly assigned to complete either the growth mindset intervention or a control activity during two 25-minute sessions. After participating in the growth mindset program used in the National Study of Learning Mindsets, students’ 9th- grade mathematics GPA increased by an average of 0.05 grade points on a 4.3-point scale. We found distinct patterns of treatment effects that depend on level of math preparation, course intensity, school context, and changes in students’ mindset.

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The impact of trust on intellectual property right protection: a cross-national study

Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.1108/jed-05-2021-0063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Thuy Thi Nguyen ◽

Tien Hanh Duong ◽

My Tran Thanh Dinh ◽

Tram Ho Ha Pham ◽

Thu Mai Anh Truong

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Property ◽

Social Trust ◽

Property Right ◽

Least Square ◽

Intellectual Property Right ◽

National Study ◽

Content Type ◽

Cross National Study ◽

The Impact ◽

Ipr Protection

PurposeThis study aims to empirically investigate how difference in social trust explains the heterogeneity of intellectual property right (IPR) protection (proxied by software piracy rate) across countries. Specifically, the authors also examine whether this effect is complementary or substitute to legal and economic factors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use both ordinary least square and two-stage least square regressions to investigate this effect.FindingsThe authors find that there is also a complementary effect between trust and rule of law in reducing the violation of IPRs.Originality/valueAlthough the literature by now has documented the solid relationship between trust and the quality of formal institutions, only few studies have explored more specific measures of institutional consequences. Thus, this study is the first study investigating the role of trust, a valuable social capital dimension, on IPR protection.

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