Imaging of the varicella zoster virion in the viral highways: Comparison with herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, pseudorabies virus, and human herpes viruses 6 and 7

Introduction: Autoimmune diseases are complex diseases with genetic, endogenous and environmental etiologies. Viral infections have been postulated as one of the factors that may be the trigger of autoimmune diseases. Methodology: Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (TG) antibodies were measured before thyroidectomy in 100 subjects by chemiluminescence method, 50 of whom were autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) patients and 50 of whom were multinodular goiter (MNG) patients used as a control group. Fresh thyroid samples were collected from all 100 subjects after thyroidectomy to investigate the DNAs of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) by PCR. Results: The DNA of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, CMV and HHV-6 were detected in neither the patient group nor in the control group. The mean values of anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies ranged within 9.5-2000 units/ml (527.8 ± 617.4) and 108-5000 units/ml (1458.2 ± 1774.1) in the AITD patients group, respectively. A statistically significant difference of the mean level of anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies among the two groups was found (p value < 0.05). Conclusions: The possible role of human herpes viruses in the pathogenesis of AITD is not supported by our study; hence our raised question stays open for more investigation on more patients and in different parts of the country using different sizes and sites of biopsies.

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Pseudorabies Virus Glycoprotein gD Contains a Functional Endocytosis Motif That Acts in Concert with an Endocytosis Motif in gB To Drive Internalization of Antibody-Antigen Complexes from the Surface of Infected Monocytes

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.79.11.7248-7254.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 79 (11) ◽

pp. 7248-7254 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jolanta Ficinska ◽

Geert Van Minnebruggen ◽

Hans J. Nauwynck ◽

Krystyna Bienkowska-Szewczyk ◽

Herman W. Favoreel

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Cell Surface ◽

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Cytoplasmic Domain ◽

Human Herpes ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Viral Glycoproteins ◽

Internalization Process ◽

Simplex Virus

ABSTRACT Viral glycoproteins gB and gD of the swine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV), which is closely related to human herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus, are able to drive internalization of antibody-antigen complexes that may form at the cell surface of infected monocytes, thereby protecting these cells from efficient antibody-mediated lysis. We found earlier that gB relies on an endocytosis motif in its cytoplasmic domain for its function during this internalization process. Here, we report that the PRV gD protein also contains a functional endocytosis motif (YRLL) in its cytoplasmic domain that drives spontaneous endocytosis of gD from the cell surface early in infection and that acts in concert with the endocytosis motif in gB to contribute to efficient internalization of antibody-antigen complexes in PRV-infected monocytes.

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Human herpes viruses as cause of liver injury and acute liver failure

Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica ◽

10.23736/s1121-421x.19.02596-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Barbara Imperatrice ◽

Gabriele Giudici ◽

Alfredo Marzano

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Liver Failure ◽

Acute Liver Failure ◽

Herpes Viruses ◽

Human Herpes ◽

Human Herpes Viruses

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Acyclovir in general practice

Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin ◽

10.1136/dtb.30.26.101 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 30 (26) ◽

pp. 101-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Early Treatment ◽

Systemic Treatment ◽

Systemic Infection ◽

Herpes Viruses ◽

Important Advance ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Ocular Herpes ◽

The Cost

Acyclovir (Zovirax; Wellcome) is now widely prescribed for the treatment of herpes infections. In 1984 we hailed acyclovir as an important advance for the “early treatment of primary skin and ocular herpes simplex infections and for varicella-zoster infections requiring systemic treatment”, but warned against using it “indiscriminately in view of the cost, the lack of data on toxicity and the increasing number of acyclovir-resistant herpes viruses being reported.”1 In this article we appraise the place of acyclovir in general practice and so for the treatment of patients likely to be immunocompetent and without severe systemic infection.

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Disruption of Adherens Junctions Liberates Nectin-1 To Serve as Receptor for Herpes Simplex Virus and Pseudorabies Virus Entry

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.76.14.7203-7208.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 76 (14) ◽

pp. 7203-7208 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Miri Yoon ◽

Patricia G. Spear

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Viral Entry ◽

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Adherens Junctions ◽

Cell Junctions ◽

Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽

Calcium Depletion ◽

Normal Medium ◽

Herpes Simplex Viruses

ABSTRACT Nectin-1, a cell adhesion molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, can bind to virion glycoprotein D (gD) to mediate entry of herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV). Nectin-1 colocalizes with E-cadherin at adherens junctions in epithelial cells. The disruption of cell junctions can result in the redistribution of nectin-1. To determine whether disruption of junctions by calcium depletion influenced the susceptibility of epithelial cells to viral entry, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells expressing endogenous nectin-1 or transfected human nectin-1 were tested for the ability to bind soluble forms of viral gD and to be infected by HSV and PRV, before and after calcium depletion. Confocal microscopy revealed that binding of HSV and PRV gD was localized to adherens junctions in cells maintained in normal medium but was distributed, along with nectin-1, over the entire cell surface after calcium depletion. Both the binding of gD and the fraction of cells that could be infected by HSV-1 and PRV were enhanced by calcium depletion. Taken together, these results provide evidence that nectin-1 confined to adherens junctions in epithelial cells is not very accessible to virus, whereas dissociation of cell junctions releases nectin-1 to serve more efficiently as an entry receptor.

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