scholarly journals Temporal spread and evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the second pandemic wave in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Michel Wolf ◽  
Diéssy Kipper ◽  
Gabriela Ribeiro Borges ◽  
André Felipe Streck ◽  
Vagner Ricardo Lunge
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Wave ◽  
Temporal Spread

scholarly journals A small number of early introductions seeded widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Québec, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Lía Murall ◽  
Eric Fournier ◽  
Jose Hector Galvez ◽  
Arnaud N’Guessan ◽  
Sarah J. Reiling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Founder Effects ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Spring Break ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Pandemic Wave ◽  
Temporal Spread

AbstractUsing genomic epidemiology, we investigated the arrival of SARS-CoV-2 to Québec, the Canadian province most impacted by COVID-19, with >280,000 positive cases and >10,000 deaths in a population of 8.5 million as of March 1st, 2021. We report 2,921 high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genomes in the context of >12,000 publicly available genomes sampled globally over the first pandemic wave (up to June 1st, 2020). By combining phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses with epidemiological data, we quantify the number of introduction events into Québec, identify their origins, and characterize the spatio-temporal spread of the virus. Conservatively, we estimated at least 500 independent introduction events, the majority of which happened from spring break until two weeks after the Canadian border closed for non-essential travel. Subsequent mass repatriations did not generate large transmission lineages (>50 cases), likely due to mandatory quarantine measures in place at the time. Consistent with common spring break and ‘snowbird’ destinations, most of the introductions were inferred to have originated from Europe via the Americas. Fewer than 100 viral introductions arrived during spring break, of which 5-10 led to the largest transmission lineages of the first wave (accounting for 36-58% of all sequenced infections). These successful viral transmission lineages dispersed widely across the province, consistent with founder effects and superspreading dynamics. Transmission lineage size was greatly reduced after March 11th, when a quarantine order for returning travelers was enacted. While this suggests the effectiveness of early public health measures, the biggest transmission lineages had already been ignited prior to this order. Combined, our results reinforce how, in the absence of tight travel restrictions or quarantine measures, fewer than 100 viral introductions in a week can ensure the establishment of extended transmission chains.

Geographical spread of influenza incidence in Spain during the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic wave and the two succeeding influenza seasons

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
pp. 2629-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. GOMEZ-BARROSO ◽  
M. A. MARTINEZ-BENEITO ◽  
V. FLORES ◽  
R. AMORÓS ◽  
C. DELGADO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
North West ◽  
Mixed Regression ◽  
Influenza Activity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Pandemic Wave ◽  
Epidemic Wave ◽  
Temporal Spread

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to monitor the spatio-temporal spread of influenza incidence in Spain during the 2009 pandemic and the following two influenza seasons 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 using a Bayesian Poisson mixed regression model; and implement this model of geographical analysis in the Spanish Influenza Surveillance System to obtain maps of influenza incidence for every week. In the pandemic wave the maps showed influenza activity spreading from west to east. The 2010–2011 influenza epidemic wave plotted a north-west/south-east pattern of spread. During the 2011–2012 season the spread of influenza was geographically heterogeneous. The most important source of variability in the model is the temporal term. The model of spatio-temporal spread of influenza incidence is a supplementary tool of influenza surveillance in Spain.

scholarly journals Model-based evaluation of school- and non-school-related measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganna Rozhnova ◽  
Christiaan H. van Dorp ◽  
Patricia Bruijning-Verhagen ◽  
Martin C. J. Bootsma ◽  
Janneke H. H. M. van de Wijgert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Time Points ◽  
School Based ◽  
Admission Data ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pandemic Wave

AbstractThe role of school-based contacts in the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 is incompletely understood. We use an age-structured transmission model fitted to age-specific seroprevalence and hospital admission data to assess the effects of school-based measures at different time points during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands. Our analyses suggest that the impact of measures reducing school-based contacts depends on the remaining opportunities to reduce non-school-based contacts. If opportunities to reduce the effective reproduction number (Re) with non-school-based measures are exhausted or undesired and Re is still close to 1, the additional benefit of school-based measures may be considerable, particularly among older school children. As two examples, we demonstrate that keeping schools closed after the summer holidays in 2020, in the absence of other measures, would not have prevented the second pandemic wave in autumn 2020 but closing schools in November 2020 could have reduced Re below 1, with unchanged non-school-based contacts.

scholarly journals Data of the COVID-19 mRNA-Vaccine V-Safe Surveillance System and Pregnancy Registry Reveals Poor Embryonic and Second Trimester Fetal Survival Rate. Comment on Stuckelberger et al. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Willingness among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women during the First Pandemic Wave: A Cross-Sectional Study in Switzerland. Viruses 2021, 13, 1199

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Stroobandt ◽  
Roland Stroobandt
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fetal Survival ◽  
Pregnancy Registry ◽  
Pandemic Wave

Dr. Sarah Stuckelberger and her colleagues should be commended for their cross-sectional study assessing the willingness of Swiss pregnant and breastfeeding women to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 [...]

scholarly journals The Spread of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Brazil: An Overview by Kohonen Self-Organizing Map Networks

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Diego Galvan ◽  
Luciane Effting ◽  
Hágata Cremasco ◽  
Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
The North ◽  
Som Clustering ◽  
Unsupervised Neural Networks ◽  
Mining Tools ◽  
Temporal Spread ◽  
Self Organizing

Background and objective: In the current pandemic scenario, data mining tools are fundamental to evaluate the measures adopted to contain the spread of COVID-19. In this study, unsupervised neural networks of the Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) type were used to assess the spatial and temporal spread of COVID-19 in Brazil, according to the number of cases and deaths in regions, states, and cities. Materials and methods: The SOM applied in this context does not evaluate which measures applied have helped contain the spread of the disease, but these datasets represent the repercussions of the country’s measures, which were implemented to contain the virus’ spread. Results: This approach demonstrated that the spread of the disease in Brazil does not have a standard behavior, changing according to the region, state, or city. The analyses showed that cities and states in the north and northeast regions of the country were the most affected by the disease, with the highest number of cases and deaths registered per 100,000 inhabitants. Conclusions: The SOM clustering was able to spatially group cities, states, and regions according to their coronavirus cases, with similar behavior. Thus, it is possible to benefit from the use of similar strategies to deal with the virus’ spread in these cities, states, and regions.

scholarly journals Overview of Facebook Use by Hospitals in Italy: A Nationwide Survey during the COVID-19 Emergency

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7225
Author(s):  
Beniamino Schiavone ◽  
Andrea Vitale ◽  
Mena Gallo ◽  
Gianlucasalvatore Russo ◽  
Domenico Ponticelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Facebook Pages ◽  
Pandemic Wave

Background: Facebook is the most popular social network across the world and also allows users access to health information. Our study presents an overview of the official Facebook profiles of hospitals in Italy (n = 1351) and how much they are used. Methods: All hospitals were surveyed on the number of Facebook posts in May (post-lockdown) and October (second pandemic wave) 2020. The number of followers, the creation date of the official page, and the frequency of publication—that is, the average number of days between two subsequent posts—were determined. Results: In Italy, only 28% (n = 379) of the hospitals had official Facebook pages, of which 20.6% (n = 78) were public hospitals, and 79.4% (n = 301) were private hospitals. Of the hospitals with Facebook pages, 49.1% used them every week, and public hospitals published more often. Conclusions: Despite the differences between regions and types of management, the number of hospitals in Italy that use Facebook as a tool for the public dissemination of health information is still low. Hospitals should adopt an effective communication strategy using social networks to improve the quality of health care.

scholarly journals The impact of nationwide lockdown on acute coronary syndromes hospitalization rate in the Western Macedonia regional hospital of Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kanellos ◽  
V Vasilakopoulos ◽  
S Daios ◽  
S Lampropoulos ◽  
M Petridou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cardiology Department ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Pandemic Wave

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction  World Health Organization declared the Covid-19 outbreak a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. The pandemic is associated with more than 75 million cases and more than 1.5 million deaths worldwide. Greece implemented a nationwide lockdown on March 23, 2020, to control the pandemic wave and prevent reducing morbidity and mortality due to Covid-19. During this period, acute coronary syndromes (ACS) hospitalization in the cardiology department was reduced. In addition, the second pandemic wave also led to a new national lockdown on November 7, 2020, although it was implemented 15 days earlier in the relative regional hospital area due to high viral load. Purpose  Our study evaluated the number of hospitalized patients with ACS during the nationwide lockdown period, comparing them with the previous years (period 2018 and 2019). Material and Methods  Data recordings regarding ACS (unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI) hospitalization rates in the Cardiology department were collected from the hospital"s register. Each year"s data analysis interval included the periods of the nationwide lockdown of 2020; March 23 to May 3 and October 14 to December 10. Statistical analysis was performed between periodic groups using the chi-square test (IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 23.0). Results  During 2018, the number of patients hospitalized for ACS was 81 and consisted of 39,1% of the total hospitalizations in the Cardiology Department. In 2019 the number of patients hospitalized for ACS was 62 and consisted the 48,8% of the total hospitalizations, while in 2020, the number of patients hospitalized for ACS was 30 and consisted the 27,5% of the total hospitalizations. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0,05) regarding ACS event hospitalization rate between the period of lockdown (March to May and October-December 2020) and the COVID-19-free period of the previous year (March to May and October to December 2019). There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0,05) regarding ACS event hospitalization rate between the period of lockdown (March to May and October to December 2020) and the COVID-19-free period of the year 2018 (March to May and October to December). Finally, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0,05) in ACS event hospitalization rate between March to May and October to December regarding the years 2018 and 2019. Conclusion  Our results are in compliance with the ESC"s comparative survey regarding the observed worldwide reduction of hospitalizations for ACS during the COVID-19 lockdown era, suggesting a potential impact of lockdown in both non-environmental and environmental risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Factors of the relative epidemiological reduction are complexed and puzzled, while morbidity and mortality of ACS remained relatively stable even after the lockdown, so future studies are necessary to further investigate them.

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