Leaf gas exchange of lowland rice in response to nitrogen source and vapor pressure deficit

A remarkable increase in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) has been recorded in the last decades in relation to global warming. Higher VPD generally leads to stomatal closure and limitations to leaf carbon uptake. Assessing tree conductance responses to VPD is a key step for modeling plant performances and productivity under future environmental conditions, especially when trees are cultivated well outside their native range as for hazelnut (Corylus spp.). Our main aim is to assess the stand-level surface canopy conductance (Gsurf) responses to VPD in hazelnut across different continents to provide a proxy for potential productivity. Tree sap flow (Fd) was measured by Thermal dissipation probes (TDP) probes (six per sites) in eight hazelnut orchards in France, Italy, Georgia, Australia, and Chile during three growing seasons since 2016, together with the main meteorological parameters. We extracted diurnal Fd to estimate the canopy conductance Gsurf.. In all the sites, the maximum Gsurf occurred at low values of VPD (on average 0.57 kPa) showing that hazelnut promptly avoids leaf dehydration and that maximum leaf gas exchange is limited at relatively low VPD (i.e., often less than 1 kPa). The sensitivity of the conductance vs. VPD (i.e., -dG/dlnVPD) resulted much lower (average m = −0.36) compared to other tree species, with little differences among sites. We identified a range of suboptimal VPD conditions for Gsurf maximization (Gsurf > 80% compared to maximum) in each site, named “VPD80,” which multiplied by the mean Gsurf might be used as a proxy for assessing the maximum gas exchange of the orchard with a specific management and site. Potential gas exchange appeared relatively constant in most of the sites except in France (much higher) and in the driest Australian site (much lower). This study assessed the sensitivity of hazelnut to VPD and proposed a simple proxy for predicting the potential gas exchange in different areas. Our results can be used for defining suitability maps based on average VPD conditions, thus facilitating correct identification of the potentially most productive sites.

Download Full-text

Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Gas Exchange of Micropropagated Guava Plantlets (Psidium guajava L.) during Acclimatization and Plant Establishment

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.501c ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 501c-501

Author(s):

Andrés A. Estrada-Luna ◽

Jonathan N. Egilla ◽

Fred T. Davies

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Vapor Pressure ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Glomus Etunicatum ◽

Plant Establishment ◽

Use Efficiency

The effect of mycorrhizal fungi on gas exchange of micropropagated guava plantlets (Psidium guajava L.) during acclimatization and plant establishment was determined. Guava plantlets (Psidium guajava L. cv. `Media China') were asexually propagated through tissue culture and acclimatized in a glasshouse for eighteen weeks. Half of the plantlets were inoculated with ZAC-19, which is a mixed isolate containing Glomus etunicatum and an unknown Glomus spp. Plantlets were fertilized with modified Long Ashton nutrient solution containing 11 (g P/ml. Gas exchange measurements included photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Measurements were taken at 2, 4, 8 and 18 weeks after inoculation using a LI-6200 portable photosynthesis system (LI-COR Inc. Lincoln, Neb., USA). Two weeks after inoculation, noninoculated plantlets had greater A compared to mycorrhizal plantlets. However, 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation, mycorrhizal plantlets had greater A, gs, Ci and WUE. At the end of the experiment gas exchange was comparable between noninoculated and mycorrhizal plantlets.

Download Full-text

Response of Stomatal Conductance to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Leaves of Four Trees at the Campus of Shandong University

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1055 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 522-524 ◽

pp. 1055-1058

Author(s):

Jing Li ◽

Xiao Guang Wang ◽

Gui Zhai Zhang ◽

Xue Wei Hou ◽

Xiao Ming Li

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Vapor Pressure ◽

Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽

Response Pattern ◽

Populus Deltoides ◽

Shandong Province ◽

Populus Euramericana ◽

Parabolic Curve

Response of gas exchange to VPD in leaves of four trees (Prunus serrulata, Prunus lannesiana, Populus deltoides I-69 (I-69) and Populus × euramericana Neva (I-107)) at the campus of Shandong University in Jinan, Shandong Province were measured. The result showed that: the stomatal conductance increased with increasing VPD, and gs reached gs-max at intermediate VPD, and a steady decline in gs with further increases in VPD. This response pattern was fitted by a parabolic curve (gs=aD2+bD+c, D=VPD, R2>0.52). The gs-max at intermediate VPD with changing VPD showed that there was an optimal VPD (or RH) to plants. Therefore, while VPD (or RH) was higher or lower than the optimal VPD (or RH) of plant, gs would decrease. The response of gs to VPD in I-69 and I-107 were much more sensitive than P. serrulata and P. lannesiana.

Download Full-text

Leaf gas exchange of upland and lowland rice cultivars

Photosynthesis Research ◽

10.1007/bf00037003 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 127-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Fukai ◽

E. Kuroda ◽

T. Yamagishi

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Lowland Rice ◽

Rice Cultivars

Download Full-text

Effect of Vapor Pressure Deficit on Gas Exchange in Wild-Type and Abscisic Acid–Insensitive Plants

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.19.00436 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 181 (4) ◽

pp. 1573-1586 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lucas A. Cernusak ◽

Gregory R. Goldsmith ◽

Matthias Arend ◽

Rolf T. W. Siegwolf

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Vapor Pressure ◽

Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽

Wild Type

Download Full-text

Effects of water vapor pressure difference on leaf gas exchange in potato and sorghum at ambient and elevated carbon dioxide under field conditions

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/s0378-4290(03)00004-2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 37-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

James A. Bunce

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Vapor Pressure ◽

Pressure Difference ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Water Vapor Pressure ◽

Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Vapor Pressure Difference

Download Full-text

476 Reducing Midday Irradiance Increases Net CO2 Assimilation in Citrus Leaves

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.476b ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 476B-476

Author(s):

John L. Jifon ◽

Jim Syvertsen

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Vapor Pressure ◽

Beneficial Effect ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

High Irradiance ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Net Co2 Assimilation ◽

Citrus Leaves

Maximum CO2 assimilation rates (ACO2) in citrus are not realized in environments with high irradiance, high temperatures, and high leaf-to-air vapor pressure differences (D). We hypothesized that moderate shading would reduce leaf temperature and D, thereby increasing stomatal conductance (gs) and ACO2. A 61% reduction in irradiance under aluminum net shade screens reduced midday leaf temperatures by 8 °C and D by 62%. This effect was prominent on clear days when average midday air temperature and vapor pressure deficits exceeded 30 °C and 3 kPa. ACO2 and gs increased 42% and 104%, respectively, in response to shading. Although shaded leaves had higher gs, their transpiration rates were only 7% higher and not significantly different from sunlit leaves. Leaf water use efficiency (WUE) was significantly improved in shaded leaves (39%) compared to sunlit leaves due to the increase in ACO2. Early in the morning and late afternoon when irradiance and air temperatures were low, shading had no beneficial effect on ACO2 or other gas exchange characteristics. On cloudy days or when the maximum daytime temperature and atmospheric vapor pressure deficits were less than 30 °C and 2 kPa, respectively, shading had little effect on leaf gas exchange properties. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the beneficial effect of radiation load reduction on ACO2 is related to improved stomatal conductance in response to lowered D.

Download Full-text

Divergent gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in F1 hybrids driving habitat differentiation compared to their parents in Buddleja

10.21203/rs.2.15229/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Weichang Gong ◽

Yaqing Chen ◽

Jian Wang ◽

Han Yuan

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Vapor Pressure ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Water Use ◽

Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Photochemical Quenching ◽

Use Efficiency

Abstract Background Inter-specific hybridizations were common and can easily take place in Buddleja , and it was an important way for evolution and rapid speciation. The F1 hybrid in this study was a newly identified inter-specific hybridization between B. crispa and B. offic inalis in Sino-Himalayan region. In the natural hybrid zones, F1 hybrids always occupy different habitats from their parents. The objective of this study was to explore environmental acclimatization of F1 hybrids and their parents at physiological and biochemical levels.Results The results showed that F1 hybrids performed as an intermediate in adaptation to their parents, with divergent gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence features. F1 hybrids showed the parallel light compensation point and light saturation point with their parents, but low utilization efficiency to low-light density. They synthesized the greatest total chlorophyll content (10.41 ± 0.56 mg•g -1 ) in leaves than their parents. During the diurnal variation of photosynthesis, F1 hybrids markedly decreased and preserved the stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration rate at a low level. However, they kept high carbon assimilation rate and water-use efficiency with markedly increased vapor pressure deficit. In F1 hybrids, the maximum net photosynthetic rate, maximum water-use efficiency and maximum vapor pressure deficit were 10.48 ± 0.50 mmol CO 2 •mmol -1 photo, 21.52 ± 2.20 µmol•mmol -1 and 4.18 ± 0.55 kPa, respectively. In addition, all Buddleja species performed well and grow healthy with high level of the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII and low non-photochemical quenching, 0.83 ± 0.004 - 0.85 ± 0.004, and 1.22 ± 0.15 - 1.97 ± 0.08, respectively. In F1 hybrids, they showed great photochemical activity compared to their parental species with high photochemical quenching. Furthermore, the effective quantum yield and electron transport rate presented a similar behavior.Conclusions The results indicated that F1 hybrids have great photochemical activities and growth acclimatization compared to their parents. Associated with the growth performance of F1 hybrids in the homogenous garden, our results suggested that the divergent gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence patterns may facilitate F1 hybrids to respond to different habitats, and to improve growth performance.

Download Full-text

Stomatal behavior of different grapevine cultivars in response to soil water status and air water vapor pressure deficit

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2010.44.1.1459 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jorge A. Prieto ◽

Éric Lebon ◽

Hernán Ojeda

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Soil Water ◽

Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Water Status ◽

Water Vapor Pressure ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Stomatal Response ◽

Water Vapor Pressure Deficit

Aims: Genetic variability in grapevine cultivars may influence their strategy to cope with drought through stomatal regulation of transpiration rate. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the stomatal sensitivity of five cultivars (Ekigaïna, Grenache, Marselan, Mourvèdre, and Syrah) to soil water status and air water vapor pressure deficit (VPD).Methods and results: Leaf gas exchange and canopy light interception efficiency (εi) were evaluated through a wide range of predawn leaf water potential (ΨPD) measurements in a field experiment in Southern France. Additionally, greenhouse experiments were carried out to monitor stomatal response to increasing VPD levels. Ekigaïna showed a strong isohydric behavior with the highest decrease in leaf gas exchange in response to soil water stress and VPD. Mourvèdre and Grenache showed a similar but relatively less extreme behavior. These three cultivars showed a constant leaf water status during the day through stomatal regulation and a strong decrease in εi. In contrast, Syrah and Marselan displayed anisohydric behavior as they presented a less sensitive stomatal control. Both cultivars showed fluctuating midday leaf water potential and Marselan was the least affected in terms of εi.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that grape cultivars differed in their stomatal response to soil water deficit and VPD. For a given cultivar, a similar stomatal behavior was found in response to both ΨPD and VPD.Significance and impact of the results: Adaptation to drought and viticulture viability in hot and dry environments could be achieved by identifying and breeding cultivars with drought tolerance traits.

Download Full-text