Kernel texture differences among US soft wheat cultivars

Тенденция ухудшения качества зерна пшеницы, отмечающаяся в настоящее время, влечет за собой закономерное снижение хлебопекарных свойств муки. В связи с этим изучены особенности технологических и хлебопекарных свойств семи сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы селекции Дальневосточного НИИСХ – Хабаровчанка, Зарянка, Лира-98, Елизавета, Приамурская, Анфея, Далира. Оценку показателей качества зерна и хлеба проводили по общепринятым методикам ежегодно в 2006–2019 гг. Сорта яровой мягкой пшеницы Приамурская, Анфея, Далира в среднем за годы исследований отличались максимальным формированием урожая зерна (3,4; 3,8; 3,8 т/га соответственно). Натура зерна у сорта Далира соответствует I классу зерна мягкой пшеницы и составляет 756 г/л. Все изучаемые образцы яровой мягкой пшеницы имеют достаточно высокое содержание белка в зерне (более 14 %) и клейковины (более 28 %) второй группы качества (удовлетворительно слабая). Показатель «сила муки» существенно изменялся в зависимости от гидротермических условий вегетации (V = 6–37 %), в среднем за годы исследований максимальное значение данного признака (более 280 е.а.) установлено у сортов Лира-98, Елизавета, Приамурская, Далира. В благоприятные годы объемный выход хлеба составляет более 1000 мл у генотипов Зарянка, Лира-98, Елизавета, Анфея. Согласно пробной выпечке хлеба выделены сорта пшеницы с высокой хлебопекарной оценкой (выше 4 баллов) – Зарянка, Лира-98, Елизавета, Приамурская, Анфея, Далира. Таким образом, изученные образцы яровой мягкой пшеницы перспективны для использования в хлебопекарной промышленности. Currently, there is a tendency of deterioration in the quality of wheat grain, which entails a natural decrease in the baking properties of flour. In this regard, the technological and baking properties of 7 cultivars of spring soft wheat, bred in the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute, were studied. These cultivars were: Khabarovchanka, Zaryanka, Lira-98, Elizaveta, Priamurskaya, Anfeya, Dalira. The assessment of bread and grain quality was conducted according to the standard methodology in 2006–2019. Spring soft wheat cultivars Priamurskaya, Anfeya, Dalira on average differed in the maximum formation of grain yield over the years of study (3.4, 3.8, 3.8 tons per ha respectively). The grain nature of the Dalira cultivar was 756 g/l, which corresponds to the I class of soft wheat grain. All studied samples of spring soft wheat had a fairly high content of protein (more than 14 %), and gluten (more than 28 %) of the second quality group (satisfactory weak) in grain. The flour strength indicator significantly changed depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season (V = 6–37 %), and on average, over the years of research, the maximum value of this trait (more than 280 e.a.) was found in cultivars Lira-98, Elizaveta, Priamurskaya, Dalira. In favourable years, the volume of bread from the Zaryanka, Lira-98, Elizaveta, Anfeya was more than 1,000 ml. According to the test bread baking, wheat cultivars with a high baking score (above 4 points) were highlighted: Zaryanka, Lira-98, Elizaveta, Priamurskaya, Anfeya, Dalira. Therefore, the studied cultivars of spring soft wheat are promising for use in the baking industry.

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Identification and distribution of alleles of hybrid necrosis gene Ne2 in soft wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp3.03.022 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 22-27

Author(s):

O. Galaiev

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Soft Wheat ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Hybrid Necrosis ◽

Selection Methods ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain

Aim. To determine the correspondence of different alleles of locus Xbarc55-2В to alleles of gene Ne2, different in their strength, and to investigate the distribution of alleles of locus Xbarc55-2В and the corresponding alleles of gene Ne2 from wheat cultivars of Ukrainian and Russian selection. Methods. Polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis in PAAG, statistical methods. Results. The alleles of locus Xbarc55-2В, bound to the hybrid necrosis gene Ne2, were used to identify the genotypes of 290 soft wheat cultivars of different geographic origin. The correspondence of different alleles of locus Xbarc55-2В to alleles of gene Ne2, different in their strength, was defi ned: 142 bp – ne2, 136 bp – Ne2 w/m , 132 bp – Ne2 ms , 126 bp – Ne2 s . The distribution of the identifi ed alleles of gene Ne2 among the wheat cultivars of Ukrainian and Russian selection was demonstrated. Conclusions. The advantage of some alleles for cultivars of different regions was determined, which may testify to their selection and adaptation value.

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SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOME HARD AND SOFT WHEAT CULTIVARS FOR COVERED SMUT AND ITS CONTROL

Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.33899/magrj.2010.36300 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (0) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

M.S. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Soft Wheat ◽

Wheat Cultivars

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Wild grasses as the reservoirs of infection of rust species for winter soft wheat in the Northern CaucasusWild grasses as the reservoirs of infection of rust species for winter soft wheat in the Northern Caucasus

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding ◽

10.18699/vj21.072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 638-646

Author(s):

E. I. Gultyaeva ◽

L. A. Bespalova ◽

I. B. Ablova ◽

E. L. Shaydayuk ◽

Zh. N. Khudokormova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Soft Wheat ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

North Caucasus ◽

The North ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Wild Cereals

Common winter wheat is the main grain crop cultivated in the North Caucasus. Rust disease damage is one of the factors limiting wheat productivity. There are three species of rust in the region: leaf (Puccinia triticina), stem (P. graminis) and stripe rust (P. striiformis), and their significance varies from year to year. The most common is leaf rust, but in the last decade the frequency of its epiphytotic development has significantly decreased. At the same time, an increase in the harmfulness of stripe rust (P. striiformis) is noted. Stem rust in the region is mainly absent or observed at the end of the wheat growing season to a weak degree. Only in some years with favorable weather conditions its mass development is noted on susceptible cultivars. It is believed that the sources of infection with rust species in the North Caucasus are infested soft wheat crops, wild-growing cereals and exodemic infection carried by air currents from adjacent territories. In the North Caucasus, forage and wild grasses are affected by Puccinia species almost every year. Depending on weather conditions, the symptom expression is noted from late September to December and then from late February to May–June. Potentially, an autumn infection on grasses can serve as a source for infection of winter soft wheat cultivars sown in October. The purpose of these studies is to characterize the virulence of P. triticina, P. graminis, P. striiformis on wild cereals and to assess the specialization of causative agents to winter wheat in the North Caucasus. Infectious material represented by leaves with urediniopustules of leaf, stem and stripe rusts was collected from wild cereals (Poa spp., Bromus spp.) in the Krasnodar Territory in October–November 2019. Uredinium material from P. triticina, P. striiformis, and P. graminis was propagated and cloned. Monopustular Puccinia spp. isolates were used for virulence genetics analysis. In experiments to study the specialization of rust species from wild-growing cereals on common wheat, 12 winter cultivars were used (Grom, Tanya, Yuka, Tabor, Bezostaya 100, Yubileynaya 100, Vekha, Vassa, Alekseich, Stan, Gurt, Bagrat). These cultivars are widely cultivated in the North Caucasus region and are characterized by varying degrees of resistance to rust. Additionally, wheat material was inoculated with Krasnodar populations of P. triticina, P. striiformis, P. graminis from common wheat. In the virulence analysis of P. triticina on cereal grasses, four phenotypes (races) were identified: MCTKH (30 %), TCTTR (30 %), TNTTR (25 %), MHTKH (15 %), and five were identified in P. graminis (RKMTF (60 %), TKTTF, RKLTF, QKLTF, LHLPF (10 % each). Among P. striiformis isolates, three phenotypes were identified using the International and European sets of differentiating cultivars – 111E231 (88 %), 111E247 (6 %) and 78E199 (6 %). Using isogenic Avocet lines, 3 races were also identified, which differed among themselves in virulence to the Yr1, Yr11, Yr18 genes (with the prevalence of virulent ones (94 %)). Composite urediniums’ samples (a mixture of all identified races) of grass rust of each species were used to inoculate winter wheat cultivars. The most common winter wheat cultivars (75 %) were characterized by a resistant response when infected with P. graminis populations from common wheat and cereal grasses. All these cultivars were developed using donors of the rye translocation 1BL.1RS, in which the Lr26, Sr31, and Yr9 genes are localized. The number of winter wheat cultivars resistant to leaf rust in the seedling phase was lower (58 %). At the same time, all the studied cultivars in the seedling phase were susceptible to P. striiformis to varying degrees. The virulence analysis of the leaf, stem and stripe rust populations did not reveal significant differences in the virulence of the pathogens between wild-growing cereals and soft wheat. Urediniomaterial of all studied rust species successfully infested soft wheat cultivars. The results obtained indicate that grasses are rust infection reservoirs for common wheat crops in the North Caucasus.

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