A closed-form expression for the net present value of a time-power cash-flow function

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kelayakan aspek keuangan usaha grosir sembako Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera di Kenagarian Kamang Hilia Kecamatan Kamang Magek Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang dilakukan pada tahun 2018. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode cash flow analysis, payback period, net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return, dan average rate of return. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai net cash flow Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera adalah positif yaitu Rp.21.774.000, nilai payback period adalah 1,15 tahun, nilai net present value positif sebesar Rp.10.680.034,47, nilai profitability index adalah positif 1,37, sedangkan nilai internal rate of return adalah 46,7% dan nilai average rate of return adalah 57,23%. Berdasarkan standar penilaian maka semua metode yang digunakan memberikan kesimpulan bahwa usaha grosir sembako milik Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera dalam kategori layak untuk dilaksanakan.

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AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF NET PRESENT VALUE AND EQUIVALENT ANNUAL COST

Accounting Historians Journal ◽

10.2308/0148-4184.9.1.103 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Thomas W. Jones ◽

David Smith

Keyword(s):

Cash Flow ◽

Annual Cost ◽

Historical Development ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Present Value ◽

Discounted Cash Flow

Net present value and equivalent annual cost are two discounted cash flow criteria for comparing investment proposals. Why have accountants taken to net present value? Why do engineers readily use equivalent annual cost? This paper investigates the historical development of these principles to provide an explanation of why this is so.

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Synthesizing of Planar and Conformal Double-Sided Parallel-Cross Dipoles FSS Based on Closed-Form Expression

IEEE Access ◽

10.1109/access.2021.3096419 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Yassine Zouaoui ◽

Larbi Talbi ◽

Khelifa Hettak ◽

Naresh K. Darimireddy

Keyword(s):

Closed Form ◽

Closed Form Expression ◽

Form Expression

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Distribution of Consensus in a Broadcasting-based Consensus-forming Algorithm

ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review ◽

10.1145/3453953.3453974 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 91-96

Author(s):

Shigeo Shioda

Keyword(s):

Distribution Function ◽

Probability Density Function ◽

Closed Form ◽

Probability Density ◽

Infinite Number ◽

Stable Distribution ◽

Random Variable ◽

Cauchy Distribution ◽

Closed Form Expression ◽

Form Expression

The consensus achieved in the consensus-forming algorithm is not generally a constant but rather a random variable, even if the initial opinions are the same. In the present paper, we investigate the statistical properties of the consensus in a broadcasting-based consensus-forming algorithm. We focus on two extreme cases: consensus forming by two agents and consensus forming by an infinite number of agents. In the two-agent case, we derive several properties of the distribution function of the consensus. In the infinite-numberof- agents case, we show that if the initial opinions follow a stable distribution, then the consensus also follows a stable distribution. In addition, we derive a closed-form expression of the probability density function of the consensus when the initial opinions follow a Gaussian distribution, a Cauchy distribution, or a L´evy distribution.

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Colored HOMFLY-PT for hybrid weaving knot $$ {\hat{\mathrm{W}}}_3 $$(m, n)

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep06(2021)063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Vivek Kumar Singh ◽

Rama Mishra ◽

P. Ramadevi

Keyword(s):

Closed Form ◽

Topological Strings ◽

Chebyshev Polynomials ◽

Fibonacci Numbers ◽

Infinite Family ◽

Closed Form Expression ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Laurent Polynomials ◽

Form Expression ◽

Torus Knots

Abstract Weaving knots W(p, n) of type (p, n) denote an infinite family of hyperbolic knots which have not been addressed by the knot theorists as yet. Unlike the well known (p, n) torus knots, we do not have a closed-form expression for HOMFLY-PT and the colored HOMFLY-PT for W(p, n). In this paper, we confine to a hybrid generalization of W(3, n) which we denote as $$ {\hat{W}}_3 $$ W ̂ 3 (m, n) and obtain closed form expression for HOMFLY-PT using the Reshitikhin and Turaev method involving $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{R}} $$ ℛ -matrices. Further, we also compute [r]-colored HOMFLY-PT for W(3, n). Surprisingly, we observe that trace of the product of two dimensional $$ \hat{\mathrm{\mathcal{R}}} $$ ℛ ̂ -matrices can be written in terms of infinite family of Laurent polynomials $$ {\mathcal{V}}_{n,t}\left[q\right] $$ V n , t q whose absolute coefficients has interesting relation to the Fibonacci numbers $$ {\mathrm{\mathcal{F}}}_n $$ ℱ n . We also computed reformulated invariants and the BPS integers in the context of topological strings. From our analysis, we propose that certain refined BPS integers for weaving knot W(3, n) can be explicitly derived from the coefficients of Chebyshev polynomials of first kind.

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