Hepatic and visceral adipose tissue 11βHSD1 expressions are markers of body weight loss after bariatric surgery

Context: The inflammatory state of the adipose tissue is believed to contribute to systemic low-grade inflammation in obesity. Objective: This study assessed the relationship between adipose and circulating inflammatory markers as well as the influence of adipose inflammation on bariatric surgery-induced weight reduction. Design: This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal study (up to 14 mo). Setting: The study was conducted in the digestive/bariatric surgery department of the Tivoli and Jean Villar clinics, Bordeaux, France. Patients: Thirty-seven obese patients [body mass index (BMI) > 35–40 kg/m2)] seeking bariatric surgery were included. Twenty-eight of them were successively followed up at 1–3 months after surgery and 25 between 6 and 14 months after surgery. Main Outcome Measures: Fasting serum samples were collected before surgery to assess concentrations of inflammatory markers. Samples of visceral adipose tissue were extracted during surgery and gene expression of cytokines and immune cell markers were evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR. Pre- and postsurgery weight and BMI were collected. Results: Gene expression of several cytokines were strongly intercorrelated in the visceral adipose tissue. Adipose expression of macrophage and T cell markers were related to adipose expression of TNF-α and IL-1 receptor antagonist (P < .01) and to systemic levels of TNF-α (P < .01) and IL-6 (P < .05). A higher inflammatory state of the adipose tissue predicted a lower BMI reduction after surgery (P < .05), notably at early stages after surgery. Conclusions: These findings support the involvement of macrophages and T cells in adipose inflammation and provide new information regarding the role of the visceral adipose tissue in the inflammatory state of obesity and its impact on obesity treatment outcomes, such as surgery-induced weight loss.

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Oxidative modifications of mitochondrial complex II are associated with insulin resistance of visceral fat in obesity

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00227.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 316 (2) ◽

pp. E168-E177 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Doan T. M. Ngo ◽

Aaron L. Sverdlov ◽

Shakun Karki ◽

Donia Macartney-Coxson ◽

Richard S. Stubbs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Insulin Treatment ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Mitochondrial Complex ◽

Complex Ii ◽

Visceral Adipose

Obesity, particularly visceral adiposity, has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress, which have been suggested as mechanisms of insulin resistance. The mechanism(s) behind this remains incompletely understood. In this study, we hypothesized that mitochondrial complex II dysfunction plays a role in impaired insulin sensitivity in visceral adipose tissue of subjects with obesity. We obtained subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue biopsies from 43 subjects with obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) during planned bariatric surgery. Compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue exhibited decreased complex II activity, which was restored with the reducing agent dithiothreitol (5 mM) ( P < 0.01). A biotin switch assay identified that cysteine oxidative posttranslational modifications (OPTM) in complex II subunit A (succinate dehydrogenase A) were increased in visceral vs. subcutaneous fat ( P < 0.05). Insulin treatment (100 nM) stimulated complex II activity in subcutaneous fat ( P < 0.05). In contrast, insulin treatment of visceral fat led to a decrease in complex II activity ( P < 0.01), which was restored with addition of the mitochondria-specific oxidant scavenger mito-TEMPO (10 µM). In a cohort of 10 subjects with severe obesity, surgical weight loss decreased OPTM and restored complex II activity, exclusively in the visceral depot. Mitochondrial complex II may be an unrecognized and novel mediator of insulin resistance associated with visceral adiposity. The activity of complex II is improved by weight loss, which may contribute to metabolic improvements associated with bariatric surgery.

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A214 BARIATRIC SURGERY PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE HAVE DIFFERENT VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE GENE EXPRESSION COMPARED TO THOSE WITH NORMAL LIVER

Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1093/jcag/gwab002.212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 245-247

Author(s):

S Keshavjee ◽

J Yadav ◽

K Schwenger ◽

S Fischer ◽

T D Jackson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Healthy Liver ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes simple steatosis (SS) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It affects 74–98% of individuals with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery (BSX). Among several factors contributing to NAFLD pathogenesis, adipokines secreted by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) can play a role by regulating glucose/lipid metabolism and inflammation. Aims This study aims to determine if visceral adipose tissue adipokine and cytokine gene expression are associated with NAFLD (SS and NASH) at the time of BSX. Methods Patients were recruited from the Toronto Western Hospital Bariatric Clinic. Demographic data was recorded. The VAT and liver biopsies were collected at the time of bariatric surgery. VAT adipokines and other mediators were assessed by RT-PCR and included markers of thermogenic capacity, inflammation, fibrosis, adipokines, and others. Liver histology was assessed by a pathologist using the Brunt system and individuals were diagnosed as either SS, NASH, or having a healthy liver (HL). Blood samples were collected pre-BSX to measure liver and metabolic syndrome related parameters, including HOMA-IR, HbA1c, liver enzymes, and lipid profile. Anthropometry was also assessed. Groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Wilcoxon ranked sum, or chi-square and Fisher’s exact test as necessary. Data was considered to be statistically significant with a p-value less than 0.05. Results We are presenting data on 126 patients, 80.2% females with a median age of 49 and a body mass index (BMI) of 46.9. Fifty-seven patients had SS, 34 had NASH and 35 had a healthy liver (HL). BMI, age, and sex did not differ between the three groups. First, we found that those with NASH had significantly higher VAT expression of fibrosis (Loxl2), inflammation (CCL4 and TGFb1) and proliferation markers (E2F1) and significantly lower expression of adipokines (TNFa and resistin) compared to HL. Also, we found that SS had significantly higher fibrosis (Col3a1, Col6a1, Loxl2, CD9 and Acta2), inflammation (Nox2, TGFb1, IFNg and Clec10a), browning (PPARa, PPARg and Glut1) and proliferation (E2F1) marker expression compared to HL. Conclusions Results show that there is a significant difference in the expression pattern of VAT fibrotic and inflammatory markers between HL, SS and NASH patients. The observed increase of inflammatory markers in NAFLD is in line with prior research outlining the ability of inflammatory mediators from VAT to contribute to liver pathology via portal circulation. The relationship between VAT characteristics and NAFLD are important in understanding the widespread metabolic effects of obesity. Funding Agencies CIHRCanadian Liver foundation

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24 The effect of bariatric surgery on DNA methylation in blood and omental visceral adipose tissue

10.1055/s-0041-1735683 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luise Müller ◽

Lena Gras ◽

Anne Hoffmann ◽

Tobias Hagemann ◽

Stephan H. Bernhart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Electric stimulation of ears accelerates body weight loss mediated by high-fat to low-fat diet switch accompanied by increased white adipose tissue browning in C57BL/6 J mice

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-018-2388-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Szu-Han Chen ◽

Hsiao-Chien Chen ◽

Ching-Liang Hsieh ◽

Pei-Min Chao

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Electric Stimulation ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Diet Switch ◽

Tissue Browning ◽

Stimulation Of

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Effects of 4 weight-loss diets differing in fat, protein, and carbohydrate on fat mass, lean mass, visceral adipose tissue, and hepatic fat: results from the POUNDS LOST trial.

SciVee ◽

10.4016/39369.01 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

RJ Souza ◽

GA Bray ◽

VJ Carey ◽

KD Hall ◽

MS Leboff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Hepatic Fat ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Influence of diet and exercise on skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in men

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1996.81.6.2445 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 81 (6) ◽

pp. 2445-2455 ◽

Cited By ~ 222

Author(s):

Robert Ross ◽

John Rissanen ◽

Heather Pedwell ◽

Jennifer Clifford ◽

Peter Shragge

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Whole Body ◽

Relative Reduction ◽

Body Regions ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Visceral Adipose

Ross, Robert, John Rissanen, Heather Pedwell, Jennifer Clifford, and Peter Shragge. Influence of diet and exercise on skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in men. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2445–2455, 1996.—The effects of diet only (DO) and diet combined with either aerobic (DA) or resistance (DR) exercise on subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), lean tissue (LT), and skeletal muscle (SM) tissue were evaluated in 33 obese men (DO, n= 11; DA, n = 11; DR, n = 11). All tissues were measured by using a whole body multislice magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) model. Within each group, significant reductions were observed for body weight, SAT, and VAT ( P < 0.05). The reductions in body weight (∼10%) and SAT (∼25%) and VAT volume (∼35%) were not different between groups ( P > 0.05). For all treatments, the relative reduction in VAT was greater than in SAT ( P < 0.05). For the DA and DR groups only, the reduction in abdominal SAT (∼27%) was greater ( P < 0.05) than that observed for the gluteal-femoral region (∼20%). Conversely, the reduction in VAT was uniform throughout the abdomen regardless of treatment ( P > 0.05). MRI-LT and MRI-SM decreased both in the upper and lower body regions for the DO group alone ( P < 0.05). Peak O2 uptake (liters) was significantly improved (∼14%) in the DA group as was muscular strength (∼20%) in the DR group ( P< 0.01). These findings indicate that DA and DR result in a greater preservation of MRI-SM, mobilization of SAT from the abdominal region, by comparison with the gluteal-femoral region, and improved functional capacity when compared with DO in obese men.

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