Influence of diet and exercise on skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in men

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 2445-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ross ◽  
John Rissanen ◽  
Heather Pedwell ◽  
Jennifer Clifford ◽  
Peter Shragge
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Ross, Robert, John Rissanen, Heather Pedwell, Jennifer Clifford, and Peter Shragge. Influence of diet and exercise on skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in men. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2445–2455, 1996.—The effects of diet only (DO) and diet combined with either aerobic (DA) or resistance (DR) exercise on subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), lean tissue (LT), and skeletal muscle (SM) tissue were evaluated in 33 obese men (DO, n= 11; DA, n = 11; DR, n = 11). All tissues were measured by using a whole body multislice magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) model. Within each group, significant reductions were observed for body weight, SAT, and VAT ( P < 0.05). The reductions in body weight (∼10%) and SAT (∼25%) and VAT volume (∼35%) were not different between groups ( P > 0.05). For all treatments, the relative reduction in VAT was greater than in SAT ( P < 0.05). For the DA and DR groups only, the reduction in abdominal SAT (∼27%) was greater ( P < 0.05) than that observed for the gluteal-femoral region (∼20%). Conversely, the reduction in VAT was uniform throughout the abdomen regardless of treatment ( P > 0.05). MRI-LT and MRI-SM decreased both in the upper and lower body regions for the DO group alone ( P < 0.05). Peak O2 uptake (liters) was significantly improved (∼14%) in the DA group as was muscular strength (∼20%) in the DR group ( P< 0.01). These findings indicate that DA and DR result in a greater preservation of MRI-SM, mobilization of SAT from the abdominal region, by comparison with the gluteal-femoral region, and improved functional capacity when compared with DO in obese men.

Whole-body skeletal muscle mass is not related to glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese men and women

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Kuk ◽  
Katherine Kilpatrick ◽  
Lance E. Davidson ◽  
Robert Hudson ◽  
Robert Ross
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Visceral Adipose

The relationship between skeletal muscle mass, visceral adipose tissue, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance was examined in 214 overweight or obese, but otherwise healthy, men (n = 98) and women (n = 116) who participated in various exercise and (or) weight-loss intervention studies. Subjects had a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and (or) insulin sensitivity measures by a 3 h hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp technique. Whole-body skeletal muscle mass and visceral adipose tissue were measured using a multi-slice magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Total body skeletal muscle mass was not associated with any measure of glucose metabolism in men or women (p > 0.10). These observations remained independent of age and total adiposity. Conversely, visceral adipose tissue was a significant predictor of various measures of glucose metabolism in both men and women with or without control for age and (or) total body fat (p < 0.05). Although skeletal muscle is a primary site for glucose uptake and deposition, these findings suggest that unlike visceral adipose tissue, whole-body skeletal muscle mass per se is not associated with either glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese men and women.

scholarly journals Removal of Epididymal Visceral Adipose Tissue Prevents Obesity-Induced Multi-organ Insulin Resistance in Male Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Franczyk ◽  
Mai He ◽  
Jun Yoshino
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, an important risk factor of type 2 diabetes, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The major purpose of this study was to test hypothesize that prophylactic removal of epididymal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) prevents obesity-induced multi-organ (liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue) insulin resistance. Accordingly, we surgically removed epididymal VAT pads from adult C57BL/6J mice and evaluated in vivo and cellular metabolic pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism following chronic high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. We found that VAT removal decreases HFD-induced body weight gain while increasing subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) mass. Strikingly, VAT removal prevents obesity-induced insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia and markedly enhances insulin-stimulated AKT-phosphorylation at serine-473 (Ser473) and threonine-308 (Thr308) sites in SAT, liver, and skeletal muscle. VAT removal leads to decreases in plasma lipid concentrations and hepatic triglyceride (TG) content. In addition, VAT removal increases circulating adiponectin, a key insulin-sensitizing adipokine, whereas it decreases circulating interleukin 6, a pro-inflammatory adipokine. Consistent with these findings, VAT removal increases adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase C phosphorylation, a major downstream target of adiponectin signaling. Data obtained from RNA sequencing suggest that VAT removal prevents obesity-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in liver and SAT, respectively. Taken together, these findings highlight the metabolic benefits and possible action mechanisms of prophylactic VAT removal on obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis. Our results also provide important insight into understanding the extraordinary capability of adipose tissue to influence whole-body glucose and lipid metabolism as an active endocrine organ.

scholarly journals Phenotyping of the Visceral Adipose Tissue Using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Weigand ◽  
Helen Schweizer ◽  
Deise Aline Knob ◽  
Armin M. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Large White ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Visceral Adipose

The objective of this study was to phenotype visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in pigs. In this context, the ability to detect VAT by using the DXA CoreScan mode within the enCORE software, version 17 (GE Healthcare) was evaluated in comparison with MRI measurements (Siemens Magnetom C!) of the same body region. A number of 120 crossbred pigs of the F1 and F2 generation, with the parental breeds Large White, Landrace, Piétrain, and Duroc, were examined at an age of 150 days. A whole-body scan in two different modes (“thick”, “standard”) was carried out by a GE Lunar iDXA scanner. Very strong relationships (R2 = 0.95, RMSE = 175 cm3) were found for VAT between the two DXA modes. The comparison of VAT measured by MRI and DXA shows high linear relationships (“thick”: R2 = 0.76, RMSE = 399.25 cm3/“standard”: R2 = 0.71, RMSE = 443.42 cm3), but is biased, according to the Bland–Altman analysis. A variance analysis of VAT shows significant differences for both DXA modes and for MRI between male and female pigs, as well as between F1 and F2. In conclusion, DXA “CoreScan” has the ability to estimate VAT in pigs with a close relationship to MRI but needs bias correction.

Altered Glucose Uptake in Muscle, Visceral Adipose Tissue, and Brain Predict Whole-Body Insulin Resistance and may Contribute to the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Combined PET/MR Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (08) ◽  
pp. 627-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretha Boersma ◽  
Emil Johansson ◽  
Maria Pereira ◽  
Kerstin Heurling ◽  
Stanko Skrtic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Visceral Adipose

AbstractWe assessed glucose uptake in different tissues in type 2 diabetes (T2D), prediabetes, and control subjects to elucidate its impact in the development of whole-body insulin resistance and T2D. Thirteen T2D, 12 prediabetes, and 10 control subjects, matched for age and BMI, underwent OGTT and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies. Integrated whole-body 18F-FDG PET and MRI were performed during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to asses glucose uptake rate (MRglu) in several tissues. MRglu in skeletal muscle, SAT, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and liver was significantly reduced in T2D subjects and correlated positively with M-values (r=0.884, r=0.574, r=0.707 and r=0.403, respectively). Brain MRglu was significantly higher in T2D and prediabetes subjects and had a significant inverse correlation with M-values (r=–0.616). Myocardial MRglu did not differ between groups and did not correlate with the M-values. A multivariate model including skeletal muscle, brain and VAT MRglu best predicted the M-values (adjusted r2=0.85). In addition, SAT MRglu correlated with SAT glucose uptake ex vivo (r=0.491). In different stages of the development of T2D, glucose uptake during hyperinsulinemia is elevated in the brain in parallel with an impairment in peripheral organs. Impaired glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and VAT together with elevated glucose uptake in brain were independently associated with whole-body insulin resistance, and these tissue-specific alterations may contribute to T2D development.

scholarly journals Effect of Long-Term Whole Body Vibration Training on Visceral Adipose Tissue: A Preliminary Report

Obesity Facts ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Vissers ◽  
An Verrijken ◽  
Ilse Mertens ◽  
Caroline Van Gils ◽  
Annemie Van de Sompel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Vibration Training ◽  
Whole Body Vibration Training ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Sa1358 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT OF WHOLE BODY VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE IN ASSESING THE RISK OF SEVERE ACUTE PANCREATITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-331-S-332
Author(s):  
Saurabh Dawra ◽  
Singh K. Anupam ◽  
Rakesh Kochhar ◽  
Jayanta Samanta ◽  
Saroj Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals A combination of exercise and capsinoid supplementation additively suppresses diet-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure in mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (4) ◽  
pp. E315-E323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kana Ohyama ◽  
Yoshihito Nogusa ◽  
Katsuya Suzuki ◽  
Kosaku Shinoda ◽  
Shingo Kajimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Voluntary Running ◽  
Running Wheel Exercise ◽  
Body Energy

Exercise effectively prevents the development of obesity and obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Capsinoids (CSNs) are capsaicin analogs found in a nonpungent pepper that increase whole body energy expenditure. Although both exercise and CSNs have antiobesity functions, the effectiveness of exercise with CSN supplementation has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined whether the beneficial effects of exercise could be further enhanced by CSN supplementation in mice. Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) high-fat diet (HFD, Control), 2) HFD containing 0.3% CSNs, 3) HFD with voluntary running wheel exercise (Exercise), and 4) HFD containing 0.3% CSNs with voluntary running wheel exercise (Exercise + CSN). After 8 wk of ingestion, blood and tissues were collected and analyzed. Although CSNs significantly suppressed body weight gain under the HFD, CSN supplementation with exercise additively decreased body weight gain and fat accumulation and increased whole body energy expenditure compared with exercise alone. Exercise together with CSN supplementation robustly improved metabolic profiles, including the plasma cholesterol level. Furthermore, this combination significantly prevented diet-induced liver steatosis and decreased the size of adipocyte cells in white adipose tissue. Exercise and CSNs significantly increased cAMP levels and PKA activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT), indicating an increase of lipolysis. Moreover, they significantly activated both the oxidative phosphorylation gene program and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. These results indicate that CSNs efficiently promote the antiobesity effect of exercise, in part by increasing energy expenditure via the activation of fat oxidation in skeletal muscle and lipolysis in BAT.

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