Methods for evaluating leaf surface free energy and polarity having accounted for surface roughness

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1854-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin J Nairn ◽  
W Alison Forster
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Leaf Surface

Analysis of surface roughness and surface free energy characteristics of various orthodontic materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Beom Ahn ◽  
Sug-Joon Ahn ◽  
Shin-Jae Lee ◽  
Tae-Woo Kim ◽  
Dong-Seok Nahm
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Orthodontic Materials

scholarly journals Variability of Leaf Wetting and Water Storage Capacity of Branches of 12 Deciduous Tree Species

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Klamerus-Iwan Anna ◽  
Łagan Sylwia ◽  
Zarek Marcin ◽  
Słowik-Opoka Ewa ◽  
Bartłomiej Wojtan
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Canopy Water

Leaf surface wettability and factors which determine it are key in determining the water storage capacity of tree crowns and thus the interception of entire stands. Leaf wettability, expressed as the droplet inclination angle, and the surface free energy largely depend not only on the chemical composition of the leaves but also on their texture. The study concerns 12 species of trees common in Central Europe. The content of epicuticular waxes was determined in the leaves, and values ranging from 9.145 [µg/cm2] for horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) to 71.759 [µg/cm2] for birch (Betula pendula Roth.) were obtained. Each additional µg/cm2 increases the canopy water storage capacity by 0.067 g g−1. For all species, the inclination angles of water, diiodomethane and glycerin droplets to the leaf surface were measured and the surface free energy was calculated. It is shown that it is the wax content and the species that constitute independent predictors of water storage capacity. These factors explain the 95.56% effect on the value of canopy water storage capacity. The remaining 4.44% indicate non-species-related individual features or the ability to mitigate pollutants as well as possible environmental factors. Wax analyzed separately from other factors causes a slight increase (by 0.067 g/g) of S. Nevertheless, the influence of the surface condition as a result of species-related variability is decisive for the value of the canopy water storage capacity.

The influence of surface free energy and surface roughness on early plaque formation. An in vivo study in man

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Quirynen ◽  
M. Marechal ◽  
H. J. Busscher ◽  
A. H. Weerkamp ◽  
P. L. Darius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
In Vivo Study

scholarly journals The Interaction of Osteoblasts With Bone-Implant Materials: 1. The Effect of Physicochemical Surface Properties of Implant Materials

2011 ◽  
pp. 95-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. KUBIES ◽  
L. HIMMLOVÁ ◽  
T. RIEDEL ◽  
E. CHÁNOVÁ ◽  
K. BALÍK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Osteoblast Proliferation ◽  
Human Osteoblasts ◽  
Implant Materials

This comparative study of various surface treatments of commercially available implant materials is intended as guidance for orientation among particular surface treatment methods in term of the cell reaction of normal human osteoblasts and blood coagulation. The influence of physicochemical surface parameters such as roughness, surface free energy and wettability on the response of human osteoblasts in the immediate vicinity of implants and on the blood coagulation was studied. The osteoblast proliferation was monitored and the expression of tissue mediators (TNF-α, IL-8, MMP-1, bone alkaline phosphatase, VCAM-1, TGF-β) was evaluated after the cell cultivation onto a wide range of commercially available materials (titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy with various surface treatments, CrCoMo alloy, zirconium oxide ceramics, polyethylene and carbon/carbon composite). The formation of a blood clot was investigated on the samples immersed in a freshly drawn whole rabbit blood using scanning electron microscope. The surfaces with an increased osteoblast proliferation exhibited particularly higher surface roughness (here Ra > 3.5 µm) followed by a high polar part of the surface free energy whereas the effect of wettability played a minor role. The surface roughness was also the main factor regulating the blood coagulation. The blood clot formation analysis showed a rapid coagulum formation on the rough titanium-based surfaces. The titanium with an etching treatment was considered as the most suitable candidate for healing into the bone tissue due to high osteoblast proliferation, the highest production of osteogenesis markers and low production of inflammatory cytokines and due to the most intensive blood clot formation.

The influence of surface free energy and surface roughness on early plaque formation.

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Quirynen ◽  
M. Marechal ◽  
H. J. Busscher ◽  
A. H. Weerkamp ◽  
P. L. Darius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Plaque Formation

The bacterial colonization of intra‐oral hard surfacesin vivo:Influence of surface free energy and surface roughness

Biofouling ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Quirynen ◽  
M Marechal ◽  
D Van Steenberghe ◽  
H J Busscher ◽  
H C Van Der Mei
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Bacterial Colonization

scholarly journals Measurements of surface free energy as a tool to asses the effect of varnishing and printing of the paper substrates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Żołek-Tryznowska ◽  
◽  
Marta Więcek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Varnish Layer ◽  
Energy Determination ◽  
Paper Substrates

Nowadays, printing products might be finished in various ways. Varnishing process is one of the most popular finishing method which gives various effect, such as mate, glossy etc. However, the varnish layer applied on the paper is very thin, therefore it can be invisible to the naked human eye. The aim of this work was to use contact angle measurement and surface free energy determination as a tool to assess the effect of printing and varnishing process of paper materials. We have used various tools in order to analyses the changes of surface: surface roughness, gloss, water contact angle absorption and surface free energy determination. Those tools were used in order to confirm whether the print has been covered with varnish or not. In this work six various paper substrates were used (glossy, coated and un-coated papers). The printing and varnishing was performed in laboratory conditions using flexographic water-based printing and waterbased varnish. Samples were prepared as follows: paper with ink coating, paper with varnish coating and paper with ink layer and varnish layer on the top. The surface roughness was determinated of all samples and compared. The surface roughness changes were observed for pure paper, overprinted and overvarnished. Next, the gloss of samples prior and after printing and varnishing was measured. The gloss of the samples increases when they are printed or varnished, what is related with properties of ink and varnish. Also, the thickness of ink and varnish layers was determinated. The thickness of the samples increases when the number of layers increases. Finally, the water contact angle was measured and surface free energy was calculated with Owens-Wendt method. Our results reveal the possibility of using various tools in order to confirm the performance of varnishing of the prints. The printing with various colors is always seen by the naked human eye. On the other hand, the varnish layer might be not visible. However, such a comparison is not possible if we do not have the pure paper substrates prior printing or varnish.

scholarly journals Influence of Multiple Factors on the Wettability and Surface Free Energy of Leaf Surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong He ◽  
Shupei Xiao ◽  
Jianjian Wu ◽  
Hui Fang
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Surface Wettability ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Key Factor

The wettability of plant leaves directly reflects leaf hydrophilicity, which is the key factor that influences the adhesion of liquid pesticide as well as affects plant protection products (PPP) efficacy. Generally, the wettability of leaf surface is quantified by the contact angle and surface free energy (SFE), which are mainly dependent on leaf surface properties, liquid properties and other spraying parameters. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to investigate the SFE of rice and rape leaves with the variation of leaf status, leaf surface, and probe liquid as well as the influence of droplet falling height, solid surface, and PPP concentration on the wettability. The results showed that: (1) the dispersive components of SFE of rice and rape account for a large proportion which are closely related to their hydrophobicity—the abaxial of rape new leaf and the adaxial of rape old leaf are easier to wet comparing with rice and rape leaves in other statuses; (2) the increase of droplet falling height had a significant effect on improving the wettability between wax surface and adjuvant solution, while it had little improving effect on the wettability between wax surface and water; (3) the wettability of different solid surface varied greatly, and the order of wettability from good to bad is water-sensitive paper (WSP), wax, rape leaf, and rice leaf; (4) the effect of PPP concentration on the leaf surface wettability is significant, the contact angle decreased with the increase of PPP concentration, and the wettability of microemulsion is better than that of suspending agent and wettable powder. In conclusion, the SFE and wettability of crop leaf surface determine the suitable type of PPP, studying the influence of multiple factors on leaf surface wettability can provide a reliable reference for providing scientific guidance as well as improving the effective utilization of PPP.

scholarly journals Influence of the Manufacturing Method on the Adhesion of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans to Oral Splint Resins

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Andrea Schubert ◽  
Ralf Bürgers ◽  
Franziska Baum ◽  
Oliver Kurbad ◽  
Torsten Wassmann
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Microbial Adhesion ◽  
Computer Aided

Microbial adhesion to oral splints may lead to oral diseases such as candidiasis, periodontitis or caries. The present in vitro study aimed to assess the effect of novel computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and conventional manufacturing on Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans adhesion to oral splint resins. Standardized specimens of four 3D-printed, two milled, one thermoformed and one pressed splint resin were assessed for surface roughness by widefield confocal microscopy and for surface free energy by contact angle measurements. Specimens were incubated with C. albicans or S. mutans for two hours; a luminometric ATP assay was performed for the quantification of fungal and bacterial adhesion. Both one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc testing and Pearson correlation analysis were performed (p < 0.05) in order to relate manufacturing methods, surface roughness and surface free energy to microbial adhesion. Three-dimensional printing and milling were associated with increased adhesion of C. albicans compared to conventional thermoforming and pressing, while the S. mutans adhesion was not affected. Surface roughness and surface free energy showed no significant correlation with microbial adhesion. Increased fungal adhesion to oral splints manufactured by 3D printing or milling may be relevant for medically compromised patients with an enhanced risk for developing candidiasis.

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