An algorithm for model-based stable pupil detection for eye tracking system

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (13) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Takegami ◽  
Toshiyuki Gotoh ◽  
Ghen Ohyama
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Pupil Detection

scholarly journals The stability of the MEMS 2D mirror's operating point in terms of eye tracking systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Mateusz Pomianek ◽  
Marek Piszczek ◽  
Marcin Maciejewski ◽  
Piotr Krukowski
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Head Tracking ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Pupil Detection ◽  
The Stability

This paper describes research on the stability of the MEMS mirror for use in eye tracking systems. MEMS mirrors are the main element in scanning methods (which is one of the methods of eye tracking). Due to changes in the mirror pitch, the system can scan the area of the eye with a laser and collect the signal reflected. However, this method works on the assumption that the inclinations are constant in each period. The instability of this causes errors. The aim of this work is to examine the error level caused by pitch instability at different points of work. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Fuhl, M. Tonsen, A. Bulling, and E. Kasneci, "Pupil detection for head-mounted eye tracking in the wild: an evaluation of the state of the art," Mach. Vis. Appl., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1275-1288, 2016, CrossRef X. Wang, S. Koch, K. Holmqvist, and M. Alexa, "Tracking the gaze on objects in 3D," ACM Trans. Graph., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1-18, Dec. 2018 CrossRef X. Xiong and H. Xie, "MEMS dual-mode electrostatically actuated micromirror," Proc. 2014 Zo. 1 Conf. Am. Soc. Eng. Educ. - "Engineering Educ. Ind. Involv. Interdiscip. Trends", ASEE Zo. 1 2014, no. Dmd, 2014 CrossRef E. Pengwang, K. Rabenorosoa, M. Rakotondrabe, and N. Andreff, "Scanning micromirror platform based on MEMS technology for medical application," Micromachines, vol. 7, no. 2, 2016 CrossRef J. P. Giannini, A. G. York, and H. Shroff, "Anticipating, measuring, and minimizing MEMS mirror scan error to improve laser scanning microscopy's speed and accuracy," PLoS One, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 1-14, 2017 CrossRef C. Hennessey, B. Noureddin, and P. Lawrence, "A single camera eye-gaze tracking system with free head motion," Eye Track. Res. Appl. Symp., vol. 2005, no. March, pp. 87-94, 2005 CrossRef C. H. Morimoto and M. R. M. Mimica, "Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications," Comput. Vis. Image Underst., vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 4-24, Apr. 2005 CrossRef S. T. S. Holmström, U. Baran, and H. Urey, "MEMS laser scanners: A review," J. Microelectromechanical Syst., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 259-275, 2014 CrossRef C. W. Cho, "Gaze Detection by Wearable Eye-Tracking and NIR LED-Based Head-Tracking Device Based on SVR," ETRI J., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 542-552, Aug. 2012 CrossRef T. Santini, W. Fuhl, and E. Kasneci, "PuRe: Robust pupil detection for real-time pervasive eye tracking," Comput. Vis. Image Underst., vol. 170, pp. 40-50, May 2018 CrossRef O. Solgaard, A. A. Godil, R. T. Howe, L. P. Lee, Y. A. Peter, and H. Zappe, "Optical MEMS: From micromirrors to complex systems," J. Microelectromechanical Syst., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 517-538, 2014 CrossRef J. Wang, G. Zhang, and Z. You, "UKF-based MEMS micromirror angle estimation for LiDAR," J. Micromechanics Microengineering, vol. 29, no. 3, 201 CrossRef

An eye tracking system for analysis of pilots' scan paths.

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Wetzel ◽  
Gretchen Krueger-Anderson ◽  
Christine Poprik ◽  
Peter Bascom
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Scan Paths

The Research on Eye Tracking for Gaze Tracking System

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang ZHANG ◽  
Jian-Nan CHI ◽  
Zhao-Hui ZHANG ◽  
Zhi-Liang WANG
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Gaze Tracking

scholarly journals Techniques Used for Eye Gaze Interfaces and Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Maria Rashid ◽  
Wardah Mehmood ◽  
Aliya Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Image Process ◽  
Usability Problems ◽  
Software Algorithms ◽  
Pupil Detection ◽  
Eye Movement Tracking ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Movement Tracking

Eye movement tracking is a method that is now-a-days used for checking the usability problems in the contexts of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Firstly we present eye tracking technology and key elements.We tend to evaluate the behavior of the use when they are using the interace of eye gaze. Used different techniques i.e. electro-oculography, infrared oculography, video oculography, image process techniques, scrolling techniques, different models, probable approaches i.e. shape based approach, appearance based methods, 2D and 3D models based approach and different software algorithms for pupil detection etc. We have tried to compare the surveys based on their geometric properties and reportable accuracies and eventually we conclude this study by giving some prediction regarding future eye-gaze. We point out some techniques by using various eyes properties comprising nature, appearance and gesture or some combination for eye tracking and detection. Result displays eye-gaze technique is faster and better approach for selection than a mouse selection. Rate of error for all the matters determines that there have been no errors once choosing from main menus with eye mark and with mouse. But there have been a chance of errors when once choosing from sub menus in case of eye mark. So, maintain head constantly in front of eye gaze monitor.

scholarly journals Tracking eye-gaze in smart home systems (SHS): first insights from eye-tracking and self-report measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Cassioli ◽  
Laura Angioletti ◽  
Michela Balconi
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Psychological Traits

AbstractHuman–computer interaction (HCI) is particularly interesting because full-immersive technology may be approached differently by users, depending on the complexity of the interaction, users’ personality traits, and their motivational systems inclination. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between psychological factors and attention towards specific tech-interactions in a smart home system (SHS). The relation between personal psychological traits and eye-tracking metrics is investigated through self-report measures [locus of control (LoC), user experience (UX), behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS)] and a wearable and wireless near-infrared illumination based eye-tracking system applied to an Italian sample (n = 19). Participants were asked to activate and interact with five different tech-interaction areas with different levels of complexity (entrance, kitchen, living room, bathroom, and bedroom) in a smart home system (SHS), while their eye-gaze behavior was recorded. Data showed significant differences between a simpler interaction (entrance) and a more complex one (living room), in terms of number of fixation. Moreover, slower time to first fixation in a multifaceted interaction (bathroom), compared to simpler ones (kitchen and living room) was found. Additionally, in two interaction conditions (living room and bathroom), negative correlations were found between external LoC and fixation count, and between BAS reward responsiveness scores and fixation duration. Findings led to the identification of a two-way process, where both the complexity of the tech-interaction and subjects’ personality traits are important impacting factors on the user’s visual exploration behavior. This research contributes to understand the user responsiveness adding first insights that may help to create more human-centered technology.

A Smart Eye Tracking System for Virtual Reality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Xiujuan Zheng ◽  
Xiaoping Huang ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking System
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