Information processing using the Kalman filter in Matlab Simulink

In this paper, we investigate the problem of improving data quality using the Kalman filter in Matlab Simulink. Recently, this filter has become one of the most common algorithms for filtering and processing data in the implementation of control systems (including automated control systems) and the creation of software systems for digital filtering from noise and interference, for example, speech signals. It is also widely used in many fields of science and technology. Due to its simplicity and efficiency, it can be found in GPS receivers, in devices for processing sensor readings for various purposes, etc. It is known that one of the important tasks that should be solved in systems for processing sensor readings is the ability to detect and filter noise. Sensor noise leads to unstable measurement data. This, of course, ultimately leads to a decrease in the accuracy and performance of the control device. One of the methods that can be used to solve the problem of optimal filtering is the development of cybernetic algorithms based on the Kalman and Wiener filters. The filtering process can be carried out in two forms, namely: hardware and software algorithms. Hardware filtering can be built electronically. However, it is less efficient as it requires additional circuitry in the system. To overcome this obstacle, you can use filtering in the form of programming algorithms in a single method. In addition to the fact that it does not require electronic hardware circuitry, the filtering performed is even more accurate because it uses a computational process. The paper analyzes the results of applying the Kalman filter to eliminate errors when measuring the coordinates of the tracked target, to obtain a "smoothed" trajectory and shows the results of the filter development process when processing an electrocardiogram. The development of the Kalman filter algorithm is based on the procedure of recursive assessment of the measured state of the research object.

Using the automated Verasonics system for physical modeling of skeletal muscle biomechanics

The paper describes the use of the Verasonics research system for physical modeling of skeletal muscle biomechanics. The scheme of the acoustic system is described. The path of receiving and processing the signal is presented. A brief overview of the operation of software algorithms for the implementation of methods of ultrasound diagnostics is made. A mathematical model of skeletal muscle as a flat-layered medium is considered. The implementation of this model in the form of a fibers agar phantom is proposed. Using the Verasonics acoustic system shear velocities of physical fibers agar phantom were measured. Shear modules for agar and fibers were calculated. The obtained values are consistent with similar characteristics of native muscles and connective tissue fibers.

Robust Control of a Class of Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems: Design and Experimental Results on a Real-Time Emulator

The aim of this study is to develop a new observer-based stabilization strategy for a class of Lipschitz uncertain systems. This new strategy improves the performances of existing methods and ensures better convergence conditions. Sliding window approach involves previous estimated states and measurements in the observer and the control law structures which increase the number of decision variables in the constraint to be solved and offers less restrictive Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) conditions. The established sufficient stability conditions are in the form of Bilinear Matrix Inequality (BMI) which is solved in two steps. First, by using a slack variable technique and an appropriate reformulation of the Young’s inequality. Second, by introducing a useful approach to transform the obtained constraint to a more suitable one easily tractable by standard software algorithms. A comparison with the standard case is provided to show the superiority of the proposed H∞ observer-based controller which offers greater degree of freedom. The accuracy and the potential of the proposed process are shown through real time implementation of the one-link flexible joint robot to ARDUINO UNO R3 device and numerical comparison with some existing results.

Cloud microphysical measurements at a mountain observatory: comparison between shadowgraph imaging and phase Doppler interferometry

The microphysical properties of cloud droplets, such as droplet size distribution and droplet number concentration, were studied. A series of field experiments were performed in the summer of 2019 at the Umweltforschungsstation Schneefernerhaus (UFS), an environmental research station located just below the peak of Mount Zugspitze in the German Alps. A VisiSize D30 manufactured by Oxford Laser Ltd., which is a shadowgraph imaging instrument, was utilized for the first time to measure the size and velocity of cloud droplets during this campaign. Furthermore, a phase Doppler interferometer (PDI) device, manufactured by Artium Tech. Inc., was simultaneously measuring cloud droplets. After applying modifications to the built-in software algorithms, the results from the two instruments show reasonable agreement regarding droplet sizing and velocimetry for droplet diameters larger than 13 µm. Moreover, discrepancies were observed concerning the droplet number concentration results, especially with smaller droplet sizes. Further investigation by applying appropriate filters to the data allowed the attribution of the discrepancies to two phenomena: the different optical performance of the sensors with regard to small droplets and high turbulent velocity fluctuations relative to the mean flow that result in an uncertain estimate of the volume of air passing through the PDI probe volume.

A Live-Video Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) System Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Data Labelling on an Android Smartphone

Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) combines electronic hardware and complex computer vision software algorithms to recognize the characters on vehicle license plate numbers. Many researchers have proposed and implemented ANPR for various applications such as law enforcement and security, access control, border access, tracking stolen vehicles, tracking traffic violations, and parking management system. This paper discusses a live-video ANPR system using CNN developed on an Android smartphone embedded with a camera with limited resolution and limited processing power based on Malaysian license plate standards. In terms of system performance, in an ideal outdoor environment with good lighting and direct or slightly skewed camera angle, the recognition works perfectly with a computational time of 0.635 seconds. However, this performance is affected by poor lighting, extremely skewed angle of license plates, and fast vehicle movement.

The Impact of Digital Transformation on Business: A Detailed Review

The human society is permanently changing in all aspects. It has experienced many challenges like wars, political conflicts, and financial systems collapse. Today it is hurt by an old well-known enemy – the pandemic. In order to make the things better and even to survive current society is investing in market, production, communications and technological progress. The common base of all these fields is the digitalization on the Communication and Information Technology (IT – Hardware, Software, Algorithms, and Methods). Since the 50-ies of the 20th Century the IT is in permanent development but this has not impacted all layers of the society. In the last decade it is observed a new trend. The IT impacts almost all layers and the technologies of the society – communications, productions, management, analysis, forecasts, education, health, social and medical security). This chapter is concentrated on the basics and tools of digital transformation of business and trends in the business and production in the frame of this new paradigm.

TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE ALGORITHMS FOR OPTOELECTRONIC MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE OBJECTS

The issues of constructing algorithms for obtaining coordinate and non-coordinate information used to solve the problem of multiplexing images obtained from several optoelectronic systems are considered. A unique mathematical method for finding the corresponding points in images, based on algorithms for continuous wavelet transform of the brightness structure of an image, is proposed. The technology of development of algorithms intended for multi-position optoelectronic systems for monitoring remote objects based on software from National Instruments is considered. A technique for constructing software for obtaining information is proposed, which ensures high accuracy in determining the coordinates of the corresponding fragments in images. It is shown that the parallel use of several methods makes it possible to assess the reliability of the information obtained under conditions of changing observation parameters. The use of several methods makes it possible to assess the reliability of the information obtained under conditions of changing observation parameters. Computational experiments have confirmed that a more accurate search for image alignment regions is provided by the double wavelet transform method by increasing the number of extrema of the curves of the continuous wavelet transform coefficients, expanding the area from localization and additional filtering. An example of the practical implementation of the developed algorithms in a two-channel optoelectronic system is presented.

EXTENSION OF THE MINIMUM COST FLOW PROBLEM (MCFP OR CNF) BY CONSIDERATION OF TIME AND QUANTITY OF LOADS WITH MAXIMUM TIME

This paper extends the general problem of minimizing the total cost of transport on the road network (CNF) by considering the total time, maximum time and total amount of cargo with the longest time. In the literature available to us, models with timing and amount of cargo in the case of a standard transport task were exposed. Optimization is possible by combining 5 criteria, 2 linear and 3 nonlinear ones over the same set of linear constraints. Multicriteria optimization determines Pareto-optimal solutions. Interactive analyst-software algorithms for solving the selected models were defined. The solution of hypothetical problems was illustrated. Closed model with 5 two-way asymmetric communications using software for CNF and it is possible to use software for LP. Four one-criteria problems were solved: total costs, overall transport performance from a time standpoint, transport time (problem of the second type by time) total transport time (problem of the third type by time) and one bi-criteria problem related to the simultaneous minimization of the maximum duration of transport and total costs.

Abstract P205: Use Of A Noninvasive, Closed-loop, Allostatic, Neurotechnology Reduced Blood Pressure And Improved Sleep In Heterogeneous Cohort

Introduction: Elevated blood pressure is a major modifiable risk for cardiovascular disease. Disturbed central control of cardiovascular regulation due to trauma, stress, anxiety or other causes can lead to rise in blood pressure. High-resolution, relational, resonance-based, electroencephalic mirroring (HIRREM®) is a noninvasive, closed-loop, allostatic, acoustic stimulation neurotechnology using software algorithms to identify specific brain frequencies, and translate them in real time into audible tones, to support self-optimization of brain rhythms. Objective: To evaluate the benefits of adding this nontraditional therapy on BP and symptoms of insomnia in subjects with normal or controlled BP, who are enrolled in an IRB-approved open label feasibility study evaluating HIRREM for diverse neuropsychological disorders. Methods: 236 participants (105 female), mean (SD) age 43.1 (16.5), received 15.7 (4.8) HIRREM sessions over 22.6 (18.2) days, (9.3 (3.4) days with sessions). Brachial BP and insomnia score (ISI) were collected before, and 14.0 (14.0) days after HIRREM completion. Paired t-tests were performed. Results: Before HIRREM, participants were divided in the following groups based on ACC/AHA 2017 BP guidelines, normal n=78, elevated n=36, stage 1 n=50, stage 2 n=57, stage 3 n=14 and crisis n=2. There were no changes in medications throughout the study duration. The use of HIRREM was associated with significant reduction in systolic BP (from 126.1 (19.0) to 123.5 (17.0) mmHg, p=0.007), and diastolic BP (from 75.3 (10.6) to 73.0 (9.0) mmHg, p<0.001), with no change in heart rate. Many participants moved to lower BP stage after V2 with the number of participants within normal BP at V2 increasing from 78 to 88. ISI score decreased from 13.2 (7.2) to 6.7 (5.6), p<0.0001. This change met the clinically meaningful drop in ISI of 6 points or more. Conclusion: These data provide evidence of significant benefits of adding a closed-loop therapy for blood pressure reduction and improving sleep. Further studies are indicated to better define the role of this promising intervention to improve sleep, depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular outcomes.